Biological Classification Questions and Answers

6 True False A population does not need to be separated for allopatric speciation to occur False True

3 Which of the following statements about species as defined by the biologica species concept is are correct 1 Biological species are defined by reproductive isolation 2 Biological species are the model used for grouping extinct forms of life 3 All members of a species can potentially interbreed

2 Genetic variation O must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population O is created by the direct action of natural selection O arises in response to changes in the environment O tends to be reduced by when diploid organisms produce gametes

estion 16 When atoms gain or lose electrons they become negatively or positively charged These negatively or positively charged atoms are known as O isotopes O ions O isomers O unstable atoms

estion 7 2 points Save Answe In California a species of salamanders were geographically separated over time The group that lived in southern California relied heavily on large gold blotches on their skin that helped to camouflage them from predators The group that lived along the coast adopted a color pattern that mimicked a poisonous colorful newt common to that area Instead of being camouflaged these salamanders advertised their colors What type of selection process has occurred over time O theoretical selection O artificial selection experimental selection O natural selection

estion 1 Based on hierarchical levels of biological organization which of these choices represents the broadest level O Endocrine system O3 toed sloths O School of piranhas Amazon Basin O Jaguars giant anteaters macaws capybaras

b How much energy in barrels of oil would be required to produce the amount of tap water equivalent to the amount of bottled water consumed in 2007 How many liters of tap water could be produced per barrel of oil

B oxidation O is the second step in the oxidation of glucose is a process used to oxidize fatty acids O is a process used to digest some polysaccharides O occurs in the cytoplasm

In eukaryotes pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA in O during passage through the inner mitochondrial membrane during passage through the mitochondrial outer membrane in the mitochondrial matrix in the cellular cytosol

In the enzyme experiment which enzyme converted hydrogen peroxide H 02 into oxygen 0 and water H O Lactase Amylase Catalase Protease

In the temperature experiment which temperature produced the greatest rate of enzymatic activity 60 C 5 C 35 C

of the average body temperature of a dog is 39 C at what temperature would you expect canine catalas enzyme to function most optimally 39 C 50 C 30 C

If you repeated this experiment with an extreme acidophilic bacteria which of the following pH levels would likely have the highest rate of enzymatic activity pH 1 pH 5 pH 12 pH 14 pH 12 pH 14 pH 5 pH 1

If you transferred bovine catalase to an organism whose optimal pH is 3 2 would you expect the bovine catalase to work more or less effectively than it did in the bovine The same efficacy as in a bovine More effectively Less effectively

Although they have no back legs whales are born with a pelvic bone Which term best describes the pelvis of a whale C 0 00 0 10 A vestigial structure Speed 1x

Which of the following are produced during thecitric acid cycle ATP and NAD a proton gradient pyruvate ATP and NADH ATP NADH and FADH 2 oxygen

At rest calcium ions are stored in the of the muscle cell Once the action potential is received calcium ions are released into the mitochondria cytoplasm nucleus extracellular space sarcoplasmic reticulum cytosol T tubule terminal cisternae

sheet API RESULTS Sample Origin Date Inoculated Step 1 In each yellow circle write a for each positive result and a for each negative result 1999 124 12 4 12 4 1 2 4 1 2 412 412 SOR RHA SAC MEL AMY ARA IND VP GEL GLU MAN INO URE TDA ONPG ADH LDC ODC CIT H2S Step 2 Add the numbers for the positive test results for each section and write the sum in each green oval For example if all three tests in the first section ONPG ADH and LDC were positive you d write a 7 in the first green oval If only ODC and H2S were positive for the second section you d write a 5 in the second green oval Do this until each green oval has a numerical value If none of the tests in a section are positive enter a 0 for the section Step 3 To determine the bacterium s identity look at Table 47 2 and find the 7 digit numerical sequence generated by the green ovals CondBacterium s most likely identity Escherichia coli If the oxidase test was positive add 4 to this last number Note the oxidase test is not on the test strip but counts toward the final ID number

What did genetic analysis of the two groups of North Atlantic killer whales show A B C D Based on genetics they remain the same species The two groups have already diverged into separate species Genetic analysis revealed that the two groups are converging into one species The analysis showed variations that indicate they are diverging

Select all that apply The activities within a cell are similar to the transportation system of a city because Ocell organelle movement becomes clogged at times much like rush hour traffic slows specialized reactions are confined to certain areas of a cell just as specialized transportation systems like subways travel only along certain p the routes traveled by vehicles can be compared to reaction pathways in a cell transportation routes in a city operate simultaneously as do cell activities all molecules move from point A to point B like cars going down a one way street

It was determined to have cell walls made of chitin It had carbon isotope ratios that were more similar to those found in fungi and animals than plants Question 20 How do fungi help plants live on land Select all that apply COD They help stabilize the roots in the soil They help the plants retain moisture They help the plants get and retain nitrogen They provide sugars via photosynthesis to the plant

In the video the interviewer asks the scientist if he has concerns about infecting crop plants with fungi because some fur produce toxins What is the correct term to refer to fungal toxins Rusts Mildew Fungitoxins

A Think about diffusion and osmosis what would happen in the potato experiment if the potatoes were incubated in the refrigerator instead of at room temperature Why B Diffusion is affected by the size of the molecule that is diffusing Think about the potato experiment Do you think the potato experiment would work differently if we used a different kind of solution We are using NaCl MW 58 44 g mol what if we used sucrose MW 342 3 g mol Why or why not C In lecture we described the process of osmosis as the diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration The manifestation of osmosis depends on which specific molecules a membrane allows movement to For example consider a setup as shown below In situation 1 the membrane dotted line allows movement of water ONLY In situation 2 the membrane allows passage of water and Na2 and C1 A B

How might you measure the movement of water Using the above measurement how would you tell if water moved into the potato cells Using the above measurement how would you tell if water moved out of the potato cells Iain

Moving to another question will save this response Question 3 Match the image to the correct tonicity Which of the images correctly portrays red blood cells in a hypertonic solution Which of the images correctly portrays red blood cells in an isotonic solution Which of the images correctly portrays red blood cells in a hypotonic solution C H O H O

Considering the age of the various segments of an annelid such as an earthworm each segment doubles several times in life so all of the segments are half or one fourth new at any one time new segments are added just in front of the pygidium so the oldest segments are at the anterior end segments grow and duplicate in a haphazard fashion preventing their use in identification they are born with all segments present and these merely grow in size this allows segment count to be a major feature in their identification new segments are added just behind the prostomium so the oldest segments are at the posterior end

A B Characteristic Composition Reproduction Genetic material Organelles Crystallization Characteristic Composition Reproduction Genetic material Organelles Crystallization Characteristic Composition Reproduction Genetic material Organelles Virus cells through cell division DNA or RNA contains organelles cannot survive Virus genetic material and proteins through a host cell DNA or RNA does not contain organelles can survive Virus cells through a host cell DNA and RNA does not contain organelles Living Organism genetic material and proteins through a host cell DNA or RNA does not contain organelles can survive Living Organism cells through cell division DNA and RNA contains organelles cannot survive Living Organism genetic material and proteins through cell division DNA or RNA contains organelles

O lysosomes O mitochondria QUESTION 9 Alcohol consumption adversely affects the synthesis of molecules involved in protein degradation which can eventually lead to liver damage Given this information which organelle in liver cells is most directly affected by alcohol consumption O Golgi apparatus ONucleus O Lysosome O Rough endoplasmic reticulum QUESTION 10 Mitochondrial disorders can be caused by mutations in all the following except O mitochondrial DNA O nuclear DNA O cytoplasmic DNA

estion 2 The reason we don t have cells that are the size of watermelons is because of a limiting factor Which of the items below is the main reason we have small cells O Surface area to volume ratio O Cells can t move O It is too cold to support large cells O Trick question cells can grow to any size

Match the two columns regarding fungi Cell wall Ergosterol Zygomycetes Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes Coccidioides immitis cellulose Sterols found embedded in the v mold produces zygospores yeast example produce ascos mushrooms have basidiospore causes Valley fever V

Protozoans may be classified by their locomotion as follows Flagellates Ciliates Ameboid Nonmotile Hair like extensions of th v Tail like extensions of the V Pseudopodia Plasmodium vivax causat

Which of the following resulted from a missed meeting between British generals Howe and Burgoyne O the surrender of General Howe O the British victory at Saratoga O the surrender of Lord Cornwallis O the Continental army s victory at Saratoga

Which of the following statements about gastropods is FALSE Torsion creates a sanitation problem because it moves the mantle cavity to the anterior All gastropods undergo torsion during development The evolution of the conispiral shell eventually led to the loss of the gills on one side of the body Coiling involves a complete 180 degree rotation of the shell and visceral mass with respect to the head and foot

Part A Identify the cells found within this tissue

28 FeTroja is an antibiotic which was approved for use by the FDA in 2019 The antibiotic contains a siderophore attached to cephalosporin a beta lactam antibiotic What is the function of the siderophore a To perforate poke holes in the bacterial cell membrane allowing all of the iron to exit the bacterial cell b To inhibit cell wall synthesis leading to cell lysis c To bind iron allowing the antibiotic to gain entry through bacterial iron transporter mechanisms d To bind amino acids resulting in the eventual inhibition of protein synthesis 29 We have just isolated an organism that is closely related to Bordetella We are trying to determine if this new organism has the same growth factors as it s close relative Bordetella Which media type should we use to experimentally determine the growth factors for this organism a differential b selective c complex d synthetic 30 A glycerol channel is a transmembrane protein that moves glycerol across a membrane without the input of energy In this case glycerol must be moving a from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration b from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration c from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell d from the inside of the cell to the periplasm 31 An chemotrophic organism that uses an inorganic compound such as NH3 or H S as an electron or energy source is an example of a Lithotrophy b Heterotrophy c Organotrophy d Oxygenic photosynthesis 32 Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium can be found in root nodules associated with plants These bacteria are involved in nitrogen fixation which means a The bacteria are stealing ammonia from the plants and converting it to nitrogen gas b The bacteria are converting atmospheric nitrogen gas to a form of nitrogen that can be utilized by the plants c The bacteria are producing nitrate from ammonia which is toxic to the plants d The bacteria are producing ammonia from nitrate 33 There are different ways that one might enumerate bacteria in a sample Which of the following identifies a method of enumeration that would be considered a direct counting method and could be completed quickly in less than a day a Microscope counts using a Petroff Hausser Counting chamber or hemocytometer b Measuring optical density using a spectrophotometer c Using a dilution series followed by the spread plate technique d Measuring increases in cellular proteins using a spectrophotometer

This connective tissue looks like strands of wavy hair It is very strong and attaches muscles to bones Dense Regular Collagenous

Biosphere Il is a self contained ecological system that was sealed with researchers inside Unfortunately the microbes in the soil consumed rich organic matter depleting oxygen and producing too much carbon dioxide The mission failed and researchers were released Those small microorganisms were carrying out the process of photosynthesis respiration support life on Earth catabolism lactic acid fermentation cellular respiration

Night driving poses special problems for drivers because The speed limit is increased at night There are fewer cars on the roads at night d and distanco are harder to judge

Drivers under the age of 18 on a provisional license should Always be accompanied by a driver who is 35 years of age or older Always make sure all passengers are properly restrained in a seatbelt or a child safety seat

All plants that contain GMO genes are a product of genetic engineering True False

When turning left at an intersection You should always yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians Oncoming traffic and pedestrians should yield to you

Which of these statements is not true about the president s Cabinet This informal advisory board has no basis in the Constitution The Cabinet was born under second President John Adams There are 15 Cabinet level departments President Franklin D Roosevelt O appointed the first woman to a

Identify A

O Decrease as vehicle speed increases Are not affected by vehicle speed

2 You are car A Who should yield the right of way as you are attempting to merge onto the interstate highway A You would yield to the traffic on the interstate Interstate traffic would yield to the vehicle

Organisms that live at low pH acidophiles have to maintain a homeostasis of a pH neutral cytoplasm by moving protons from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell where there is already a high concentration of protons Which of the following types of transport are these acidophilic organisms likely to use simple diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion active transport

Page s 71 73 cells Match the description of transport protein or transport type to the image passive carrier proteins active carrier proteins active transport facilitated diffusion Drag each item above to its appropriate location in the image Note that every item may not have a match while some items may have more than one match You me

2 Your lab partner included Gram positive and Gram negative control organisms on their Gram stain of an unknown bacterial species Their chosen controls were Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis They try the procedure several times and each time they conclude they are decolorizing too long because both controls end up with mostly pink cells What might you suggest they try and why

tical Thinking Both crystal violet and safranin are basic stains used to perform simple stains on Gram positive and Gram negative cells This being the case explain how they end up staining Gram positive and Gram negative cells differently in the Gram stain

The polypeptide chain is folded into sheets coils and loops with hydrogen bonds in the structure of proteins