Biomolecules Questions and Answers

A typical for a gene is TATA known as a TATA box promoter exon B poly A tail D termination sequence

is added to 5 end of the RNA to act as unmodified protection information loss A The 3 cap C The poly A tail preventing B The GTP cap D The exon

31 Gamma tubulin is associated with which cytoskeleton protein a Intermediate filaments b Microfilaments c microtubules d actin filaments e None of the above

13 For vesicle budding adaptin is essential for the a formation of the vesicle providing a connection between clathrin and cargo receptors b formation of the vesicle providing a connection between dynamin and clathrin c formation of the vesicle providing a connection between cargo receptors and cargo d formation of the vesicle providing a connection between clathrin and cargo

11 Movement of a motor protein such as kinesin dynein along a microtubule through a series of conformational changes requires the continuous hydrolysis of which molecule A GTP b Actin c ATP d IP3

38 Microtubules produced in late G2 phase are essential for which M phase process a Formation of the contractile ring b Formation of the mitotic spindle C none of the above d All of the above

40 p53 is an example of a a Oncogene b Tumor Suppressor Gene c none of the above d All of the above

Which of the following is NO a step of transcription A elongation B replication C initiation D termination

Name Laura eaton Alm 31 The Greenhouse Effect What are the greenhouse gases What do greenhouse gases do What is the greenhouse effect How does the greenhouse effect work Date 05 09 23 carbon dioxide methane Nitrous Oxide ozone Fluorinated gases Safhen is the atmosphere by trapping heat Is the greenhouse effect a good thing So why is the greenhouse effect considered a bad thing and is linked to global warming The Warming greenhouse gases Incoming Light energy and is Surpace the Earth like a blanket Because it maintains of the atmosphere because of insulation by Some Reflected Heat Radiation lost into more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere more makes the earth This is called Sqace Fill in the blanks on the diagram below and label it using the following key words Sun Atmosphere Greenhouse Radiation Space Earth Heat Radiation Reflected Back to Earth S from the sun heats the Earth by the greenhouse gases warming and insulating of the greenhouse effect is a bad thing Since there are more and is trapped which Light Energy Heat Radiation Reflected from the arth

24 is the cline that leads to increased frequency of A Novichok as an assassination method B Water temperature C Longitude D Lactose as sole carbon source E Latency of ultrasound chirps 25 is an element of globular protein tertiary structure A Aminoacyl bond B Double helix C Base triple D Hydrophilic exterior E Duplex stem and unpaired loop

U separate DNA fragments based on size E separate unfolded polypeptides based on size 11 remains the same between alleles in a single locus STR or VNTR A Resistant retrovirus arising from lack of proofreading activity B Length and sequence within the repeat C Non Mendelian epistasis D Hardy Weinberg equilibrium E The number of repeats 12 BLASTn could be used to A determine mitochondrial haplotype defining SNPs B determine the sequence of a lipopolysaccharide fragment C find H sapiens homolog of S cerevisiae protein D clone cut DNA fragments E visualize puffs in polytene chromosomes 13 Retrotransposons are A STRs B intermediately repetitive and tandemly repetitive C LINES D single copy E Alu elements 14 Sugar and nitrogenous base in a nucleoside are covalently linked by the A alpha helix B peptide bond C beta strand D N glycosidic bond E phosphodiester bond 15 would be a result of histone deacetylase activity A transcription activation B selective degradation of mRNA via ubiquitination C Alu transposition D chromatin compaction E repression of lactose operon 16 are most commonly used in CODIS A STDs B STRS C LINES D SINES E SNPs

MAS ID PHOTO A nible G www www 0 00 0 17 M BE A FENG FOUGING C C Phe Lau FW AGUCADUCHOSCH GUC GU L AC UG A CACUGA FE 12 AGU C 0 Ch Hi EHI FE Co 0 Lou Start Stop First letter UUU UUUC UUA G Speed 1x UUG Leu CUU CUC CUA CUG Phe GUU GUC GUA GUG Leu AUU AUC lle AUA AUG Met Val UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA GCG ACU ACC ACA ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Ser Pro Thr Ala UAU UAC CAU CAC CAA CAG Tyr UAA Stop UGA Stop A UAG Stop UGG Trp G AAU AAC AAA AAG GAU GAC GAG qulayl Samsonit Konseil His Gin Asn UGU UGC Asp Glu CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA Lys AGG AGU AGC vend Kabanat GGU GGC Cys GGA GGG Arg Ser Arg MCRG MCVC Gly U DUKO 54KO Paused

RINA A RNA Transport to cytoplasm mRNA C 0 00 0 12 gene expression Translation Growing Amino Acid chan Speed 1x

During DNA replication which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the original DNA strand 53 1537 helicase C 0 00 0 14 primase ws 5 RNA primer Speed 1x 3 Paused

O O O secondary tertiary quaternary None of the choices is correct

25 28 Gln His Pro Gly is the sequence of a molecule known as progenitor thyrotropin releasing hormone pro TRH If we were searching for pro TRH genes we would need to know what sequence of bases in DNA we should be looking for Use the boxes below to indicate answers to parts a d Gln His Pro Gly in 3 5 3 mRNA 5 DNA 3 DNA a What RNA sequence could code for these four amino acids b What double stranded DNA sequence gene could code for these amino acids c Which strand of DNA is the template strand and which is the informational strand d How many possible DNA sequences are there

Draw the structure of the triphosphate of guanosine a triphosphate that like ATP provides energy for certain reactions

Which of the following is the same as QTL quantatative trait loci but is the term most used for this analysis when applied to m OGWAS genome wide association study OMCR1 or DR5 VGA or RGBV

Integral membrane proteins are not water soluble Why How must these proteins differ from globular proteins

Which of the following best describes the two images illustrated below Free energy A BC Reactants ABC Transition state E Activation energy TAG Progress of reaction AB C Products Free energy A BC Reactants O They both show endergonic reactions O The one on the left is exergonic the one on the right is endergonic O The one on the left is endergonic the one on the right is exergonic A B C Transition state E AG Activation energy Progress of reaction AB C Products

neutral environment blue data Choose all that apply a Enzymes from different organisms may function best at different temperatures Relative chitinase activity 100 From bacteria that live in a cool and neutral environment 80 60 40 20 0 OpH 2 47 degrees celcius OpH 6 5 30 61 degrees celcius pH 3 30 degrees celcius 40 50 60 Temperature C From bacteria that live in a hot and acidic environment 70 80 b Enzymes from different organisms may function best at different pHs 100 Relative chitinase activity 80 60 40 20 0 From bacteria that live in a hot and acidic environment 2 12 4 From bacteria that live in a cool and neutral environment 6 pH 10 12

Consider an anabolic pathway leading to the synthesis of an amino acid the product that is regulated via feedback inhibition Substrate Intermediate 1 Intermediate 2 Intermediate 3 Product where each arrow represents an enzyme involved in the reaction Assume the enzymes are numbered 1 through 4 starting from the left so that enzyme 1 catalyzes the conversion of the substrate to intermediate 1 Which component most likely serves as the allosteric regulator of this pathway leading to the synthesis of this amino acid O Intermediate 2 O The substrate O The product O Intermediate 3 O Intermediate 1 k

Match the particle or molecule to its purpose PADE 3 4 Electron e Proton H Oxygen O Nitrogen N Phosphate P 1 Extracted from glucose and runs the electron transport chain 2 Spins the ATP synthase 3 Final electron acceptor for aerobic respiration 4 Final electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration 5 Released as ATP is converted to ADP

Select the correct answer from each drop down menu Some plants have stems called stems are involved in organisms that grow along the ground while fungi have hyphae that grow underground These plant and hyphae are involved in Both of these structures help the V Porot

INN Newly made RNA BANCUR HIFFR TEHN T AUGHE An Template strand of DNA Which of the following best explains the process occurring in this model O Nitrogen bases in DNA are used as a template to create a messenger molecule O Creating and sending a copy of genetic information outside of the nucleus O Amino acids link together in sequence creating a protein molecule O A duplicate copy of DNA is created in order to prepare for cell division

Exam Question 16 For the following Tertiary Structure of a protein label each force holding the prote together 10 points Force 1 CH CH CH CH QILMAN CH CH S CH Force 2

I have taken four good professors at this college Mr Smith Mrs Ortiz Dr Willard and Ms Richard therefore I can conclude that the professors at this college are good This is an example of which type of reasoning example reasoning cause reasoning comparison reasoning sign reasoning

18 What kind of transport active or passive is involved when food is cooking in the food and nutrition room and can be smelled in my room 19 Why is cellular transport important 20 What energy molecule is needed for active transport to occur 21 What is phagocytosis How is phagocytosis crucial in the immune system

23 How does salt affect the water content of cells If you ingested too much salt what could that do to your cells

Which of the following is truly responsible for translation in other words what directly interprets which nucleic acid code corresponds to which amino acid The ribosome tRNAs tRNA Synthetase The rRNA ribozyme

Proteins are large complex molecules that play an important role in the structwe functim and regulation of tissues and organs in the body Proteins are a part of most body processes They help build the body and aid in repair O Transcription is the process of turning Translation is the process of building Transcription happens in the nucleus The process of protein synthesis uses the information from the nucleotide sequence of DNA to create the amino acid sequence of a protein This process involves many organelles and molecules including RNA creates mRNA thymine replaced with uracil DNA Translation made of adenine happens in the ribosome creates protein cytosine guanine and A codon is a group of three bases on a strand of messenger RNA mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid Each transfer RNA tRNA molecule has an amino acid attached and matches up to a specific codon of mRNA As the tRNA pairs with the codons on the mRNA the amino acids form peptide bonds making a protein chain strands DNA Proteins made of adenine into MRNA using MRNA Transport ytosine guanine and RN happens in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus strand Modification happens in the Golg apparatus chemical groups added or removed affect protein function Prokaryote Cells Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus but still need to synthesize proteins Transcription and Cranslation occur in the of prokaryotes

What is a genome A The field of study that looks into the purpose of each gene B The locations in a DNA sequence where individuals in the species differ C The entire set of genetic information for an organism O D The computer system used to map and sequence the DNA of humans

19 27 Answer questions a e concerning the following reaction HO C H T CH3 L Lactate NAD NADH H O C T CH3 Pyruvate a The enzyme involved in this reaction belongs to what class of enzymes b Since hydrogens are removed the enzyme belongs to what subclass of the enzyme class from part a c What is the substrate for the reaction as written d What is the product for the reaction as written e The enzyme name is derived from the substrate name and the subclass of the enzyme and ends in the

Part LAtomic Structure 1 Draw four protons in the atom to the right Label them with their charge 2 Draw five neutrons in the atom to the right Label them with their charge 3 Draw four electrons in the atom to the right Place two on the first energy level and two on the second Label them with their charge 4 What element did you just draw 5 How do you know Part 2 Periodic Table 6 Label each part of the periodic table notation shown to the right 7 How do you know the number of protons an atom 8 How do you know the number of neutrons 15 9 How do you know the number of electrons Part 3 Atomic Calculations Complete the chart below 10 Element ti P CT hi K Ag h SI W Atomic 3 15 17 28 Practice Atomic Calculations 19 7 1 14 74 Mass 31 35 56 BR 39 108 1 28 184 120 714 of p 3 15 17 28 19 47 1 14 74 of n 4 16 18 31 20 61 14 110 of e 2 10 7 N Nitrogen 14 01 17 28 T4 47 14 74 10

Which of these is NOT involved in alcohol metabolism in the liver Oa Catalase b Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase c Alcohol dehydrogenase O d Cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 e Carbamoyl phosphate synthase

10 A mutation causes a sequence of mRNA codons to change from GUU CAU UUG to GUU CAU UAG What type of mutation has occurred a frameshift b silent c missense d nonsense e chemical 11 Compare the two mRNA sequences below AUAUUCGGCAAUCCG AUAUUCCGCAAUCCG This change could be the result of a nonsense mutation addition mutation delatio a b C d e Date translocation point mutation

a What type of mutation would be least harmful to an organism silent missense or nonsense Explain your answer 2 marks

Restriction enzymes are capable of O a Cutting DNA molecule O b Synthesizing RNA O c Restricting protein synthesis O d Joining DNA molecules O e Regulating adding nucleotides of the 3 OH end of DNA

D You have three tubes A B and C with billions of copies of a linear piece of DNA that has the following restriction sites BamHI site 1 1 kb 1 kb 4 kb 3kb 2kb Xhol 2 kb Draw the following in the diagram below after gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining i In the marker lane sketch and label size standard bands for 1 2 3 4 and 5 kb ii In lane A sketch the band s you expect after digestion with Xhol only iii In lane B sketch the band s you expect after digestion with BamHI only iv In lane C sketch the band s you expect after digestion with BamHI and Xhol gamHI BamAl and xhol B C marker BamHI site 2 Xha A 1 kb 5K6 Total wells 1 Longer molecules shorter Lecules

If you forgot to apply the safranin counterstain while performing a Gram stain which outcome would you expect O a Gram positive bacteria would stain pink b Gram negative bacteria would stain purple c Gram negative bacteria would be unstained d Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria would stain purple e Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria would be unstained

13 Which of the following would be a source of genetic variation a vestigial structure b crossing over c complete dominance Color Variations in Moths in Great Britain Peppered Moth Frequency Percentage of Moths Captured 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1800 1850 1 1900 Years 1950 1 I 2000 Light moths Dark moths

1 What is the Structure of DNA and RNA Note Do not copy and paste your answers from a website You must write your answers using your own words

2 What would be the appropriate name of the enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions OO Mbow a NH CH COOH HOOC CH CH C C OH O H C COOH HO HOOC CH CH C C OH to men NH

4 A4 Genetics are important to study not only to learn more about modes of inheritance but also to learn more about genetic diseases Often it is good to generate such maps to determine which genes are linked physically close to each other on the same chromosome Table 1 is a short list of cardiac issues and what genes affect them Genes affected Loci Channelopathies electro physiology Cardiac voltage gated sodium channel subunit SCN5A HERG KCNH2 MinK KCNE1 MiRP 1 KCNE2 KVLQTI KCNQ1 Nuclear envelope protein lamin A C Cardiac ryanodine receptor RyR2 Vascular extracellular matrix proteins Fibrillin 1 FBN 1 Elastin Transcription Factors GATA4 TBX1 TBX5 CSX NKX2 5 dHAND TFAP2 Signaling proteins Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP 2 PTPN11 Jagged 1 Jag1 Myotonin protein kinase DMPK TAL Table 1 1 1 Cardiac Phenotype Syndrome Arrhythmia ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation SD Long QT and Brugada Cardiac arrhythmias SD Long QT Cardiac arrhythmias SD Long QT Cardiac arrhythmias SD Long QT Cardiac arrhythmias SD Long QT Conduction defects muscular dystrophy Emery Dreifuss Ventricular tachycardia Mitral or aortic valve regurgitation SD Marfan Aortic and systematic arterial stenosis Williams Cardiac septal defects DiGeorge velocardiofacial 17 Holt Oram me ASD VSD A V block Right ventricle hypoplasia Patent ductus arteriosus Char THAKORONGOR Conduction defects OVRA Pulmonary stenosis Noonan and LEOPARD Pulmonary artery stenosis Tetralogy of Fallot Alagille Arrhythmias and conduction defects myotonic muscular dystrophy 4 AAAAAAAAA4 1 On RyR2 and the Lamin A C gene If it was hypothesized that these genes are linked according to this chromosome map is that hypothesis correct E Yes the genes are far enough away from each other that they are considered linked G No the genes are in physical approximation with each other and as such are not linked H Yes the genes are close enough to each other that they are considered linked J No the genes are on opposite arms of the chromosome and thus are too far away to be linked 2 A scientist claimed that the HERG KCNH2 and Mink KCNE1 genes can both cause cardiac arrhythmias Does Table 1 support this claim A Yes because the table shows that both genes are associated with mitral or aortic valve regurgitation which in turn can lead to arrhythmias B Yes because along with MirP 1 KCNE2 and KVLQTI KCNQ1 these are two of the genes that are associated with cardiac arrhythmias C No because neither the HERG KCNH2 nor the MinK KCNE1 gene is associated with cardiac arrhythmias according to the table D No because only the MirP 1 KCNE2 and KVLQTI KCNQ1 genes are associated with cardiac arrhythmias based on the table 3 Is the statement genetic diseases are most likely to be found in Chromosome 1 supported by Figure 1 F Yes because Chromosome 1 is one of the longest chromosomes in the map and so is more likely to have the most genetic mutations and resulting diseases 4 A student predicted that cardiac septal defects are most likely to develop due to mutations in signaling proteins Does the information in Table 1 support this conclusion A Yes because the table shows that cardiac septal defects are associated with errors in signaling proteins like myotonin protein kinase DMPK B Yes because the table shows that cardiac septal defects are related to inborn errors like mutations in signaling proteins G Yes because the map shows that Chromosome 1 has some of the most significant mutations including HCM DCM and AGL H No because based on the map Chromosomes 16 17 18 and 19 have the greatest density of genetic mutations eses Part 2 J No because the probability of disorders is not indicated by the figure C No because the table shows that cardiac septal defects are associated with errors in the transcription factor GATA4 not in signaling proteins D No because the table shows that cardiac septal defects are not related to inborn errors but to environmental factors 5 A cardiac researcher discovers that right ventricle hypoplasia is actually caused by a variety of environmental factors including diet exercise and exposure to certain toxins This discovery contradicts evidence stated in which figure F Figure 1 which shows that right ventricle hypoplasia is caused by a mutation to the JAGI gene on Chromosome 20 G Figure 1 which indicates that all cardiac abnormalities are caused by mutations in the chromosomes H Table 1 which shows that environmental factor only lead to cardiac issues like conduction defects Table 1 which indicates that right ventric hypoplasia is caused by a mutation affectin transcription factors J Ma END OF SET STOP DO NOT GO ON TO THE NEXT UNTIL TOLD TO E

What type of linkages occur when a carbohydrate bonds to something

which of the following is true Select one A Fatty acid synthase is a large enzyme composed of four identical subunits which each have seven catalytic activities and an acyl carrier protein ACP segment in a continuous polypeptide chain C Fatty acid synthase is a large enzyme composed of two identical subunits which each have four catalytic activities and an acetyl carrier protein ACP segment in a continuous polypeptide chain D Fatty acid synthase is a large enzyme composed of two identical subunits which each have seven catalytic activities and an acyl carrier protein ACP segment in a continuous polypeptide chain E Fatty acid synthase is a large enzyme composed of four identical subunits which gach bovo covon catalytic activities and an

Research your own neighborhoods drinking water issues from 10 20 years ago or and another area that interest you What were they and what caused them and have they been rectified What concerns you most about your water

The human genome contains three genes for enolase a y whereas yeast contains just one gene for enolase The three human enolase genes are of each other whereas the human and yeast enolase genes are of each other orthologs homologs allelic variants homologs orthologs paralogs paralogs orthologs orthologs homologs

c Draw a diagram that illustrates the process of respiration taking place in yeast cells Why is the yeast necessary for the bread to rise

Which of the following is are your inference s about the image given below Selection for average size spiders Normal variation 1 2 4 6 8 C