Ecology - Organisms & Population Questions and Answers

Which two statements correctly describe the role of group behavioral adaptations in reproduction A They ensure that every individual in the group will survive long enough to reproduce B They prevent genetic variation from developing among members of the group C They support the population as a whole by ensuring that at least some offspring survive D They increase the chances that an individual will reproduce and pass on traits

narrow vicariance dispersal 0 0 5 points The origination and extinction patterns of species in a clade are shown in the graph Each horizontal line presents a single species The starting point of a line is the origination of a species and the end point of line is the extinction of the species Three geological stages are shown A B and C Older Geological stages B Time C Younger

Under exponential population growth Select one O a r and N remain constant r and N increase together O C c N stays constant as r increases O d r stays constant as N increases Ob

In a population undergoing logistic growth the rate at which new individuals are added to the population is highest at Select one O a population densities that are close to 0 O b population densities around one half of K O c population densities that are close to but just below K O d population densities that are greater than K

In population growth models the term r is the Select one O a None of these O b per capita birth rate O c per capita death rate Od per capita rate of increase

Group Behavior What is the overall purpose of an animal exhibiting group behavior Why would an animal choose not to join in group behavior

SWYK Group Behavior Exit Tick following terms flock herd swarm

M C Joe recently joined a hate group Which of the following characteristics is he least likely to have select one 1 pt a He is searching for solutions to his problems b c He holds extreme anti minority attitudes He is experiencing relative deprivation d He has pro White racial attitudes

Incorrect Question 5 Generally the introduction should be brief and no more th 15 to 20 20 to 25

An arctic fox has thick fur and fat layers that insulate it from the cold It also has keen senses that help it seek out buried prey To which ecosystem is the fox best suited A Desert which is warm and receives little precipitation B Savanna which has a rainy season and a dry season C Tundra which has low temperatures year round D Rain forest which is warm and receives a lot of precipitation

Compare the three categories of behavior costs

9 A behavioral ecologist gives hummingbirds a choice between an array of feeders with a constant amount of nectar in each flower and an array with the same average amount of nectar per flower but a moderate amount of variance i e some flowers have more some have less Which array do you think the birds will prefer and why Be sure to explain any assumptions you must make about the birds and their physiological state in order to make your prediction

8 Optimal diet theory predicts that animals should choose prey that maximize the difference between energy obtained per unit and the cost of acquisition For example shorebirds foraging on snails should choose medium sized prey over both small prey too little energy content to justify the handling time required to crack the shell and large prey high energy content but requires much more energy to crack the shell In the field shorebirds do eat mostly medium sized snails but they are also observed eating both smaller and larger snails as well albeit at lower frequencies Explain two reasons why the birds might depart from the optimal diet theory prediction in this way

The eugenics movement Emphasized the social and environmental factors that create disproportionate health outcomes in socie O Originated in Nazi Germany O Is popular and supported today amongst scientists Was widely popular in the United States before WWII

Causes for the recent trend in human population growth How to use your Electrolux CLEANER MODEL R C M B RENTICCA HABLASIN A D E 4 Identify describe how each cause of the recent trend in human population growth contributes to the trend

Find the length of AB B 10 5 D

This laboratory examines the impact of natural selection on a an Select one O a Community Ob Population Oc Individual O d Ecosystem

In Nazi Germany this population was considered as subhuman Gypsies Norwegians Italians

Herding only caught on in certain parts of the world because there aren t many animals that lend themselves to being type your answer

ype your answer are people that travel around from place to place

If a population contains 29 homozygous recessives what percentage of heterozygotes would you expect A 25 C 41 B 21 D 50

7 In the age structure diagram 2 po below which of the following statements are likely for this population 295 235 118 Population in thousands 55 It is stable 1004 5 99 45 75 79 70 65 69 50 64 35 39 50 54 45 49 40 64 15 19 Age Group It is declining It is expanding 318 177 236 296 Population on thousands It is from a developing country It is from a developed country

A population of 3000 individuals experiences 99 births This amounts to a per capita birth rate of 99 0 033 0 099 30 3

A substance is released into the environment that disrupts the activity of NADP Reductase. What would be the effect of such a substance on the ecosystem? What would this mean for all levels of life within an ecosystem? Explain.

In the following population dynamic, the competitor species N₂ has a resource base that only partially overlaps that of N₁. What does this tell us about the value of the competition coefficient a? d/dtN₁=N₁ (1- N1+aN2/K1) a=0.3 a=1 a<l a>l

With the help of the context, find the meaning of the underlined word. My brother loathes pizza, but he loves hot dogs. Hates Love Like

Which of the following statements about the effects of temperature on biological processes is false? Most species can only maintain performance over the range of temperatures between Tmin and Tmax, known as the tolerance range. Because most ectotherms maintain a nearly constant body temperature, they are relatively unaffected by small changes in environmental temperature. Many aspects of individual performance vary with temperature because enzymatic performance varies with temperature. Species richness tends to increase with temperature, with more species found in the tropics than near the poles.

Which of the following are threats to primates in the wild (select all that apply)? habitat reduction caused by deforestation habitat increased caused by reforestation reduction in number of animals caused by hunting increase in the number of animals caused by reintroductions

Which of the following are benefits a high- ranking female has over low-ranking females within a group (select all that apply)? high-ranking females have fewer offspring high-ranking females have lower offspring survival rates high-ranking females have more access to resources high-ranking females have more access to mates

A newly formed canyon, mountain range, or lake are a few of the ways that the first step of________ can occur. A. speciation B. mutation. C. selective breeding C. genetic inheritance

A biologist wanted to estimate the number of endangered Blanding turtles living in a marsh. The biologist caught, tagged, and released a sample of six Blanding turtles in the marsh. After one month, the biologist captured eight Blanding turtles in the same area and found that three of them had tags, showing they were in the original sample. Based on this information, estimate the population of Blanding turtles in the marsh. Explain whether another sampling procedure would have been better for the biologist to use.

Which sentence best explains the effect of urban sprawl on water consumption? A. Water consumption drops because high-density cities use more water. B. Water consumption rises because suburban communities use more water. C. Water consumption drops because suburban communities use more water. D. Water consumption rises because high-density cities pollute water.

In a population of 5000 individuals, 600 newborns are produced annually and 800 individuals die annually. Determine the per capita growth rate of this population. (1 mark)

This type of ecological relationship is negative for both species. A. parasitism B. competition C. predation

Why do ecologists estimate populations rather than count individual members of a population? (1 mark)

There are several reasons for preserving biodiversity For example, we might preserve biodiversity to protect our agricultural interests (if bees die, we lose much of our pollinated food) and aesthetic interests (the look of a place). What is another reason to preserve biodiversity? A. Preserve the ecology (species inter-relationships) of an area B. Improve our ability to construct man-made structures, like shopping centers

When two organisms attempt to utilize the same resource, the result is: A. parasitism B. competition C. commensalism D. mutualism

One species evolves to adapt to the presence of a new predator by increasing its production of a toxin that it was already secreting at low levels. The adaptation produces so much toxin that the predator learns to avoid this prey item. What kind of evolution is this? Microevolution Macroevolution Mutualism Amensalism

If only 10% of the energy in one trophic level is passed on to the next level, then where does the remaining 90% go? A. The energy is used by organisms for various life processes or is lost as heat. B. The energy goes back into the atmosphere for producers to use again. C. The energy goes to the other levels that eat farther down the pyramid.

Which of the following values CANNOT be easily measured in your ecocolumn? A. pH B. temperature C. dissolved oxygen D. total number of bacteria

Adaptive Radiations are often preceded by large scale extinction events, such as the KT event. True False

A worm attached to the bottom of a whale grows on the whale, sucking its blood, and occasionally reproducing by releasing eggs into its bloodstream where they are fertilized by worm sperm. The zygotes then make a small, nonlethal hole into the digestive system, where they exit the anus of the whale. This is an example of: A. vitalism B. mutualism C. parasitism D. commensalism

Many insects lay large numbers of eggs and then abandon them. Few of these offspring survive to adulthood. These insects would be considered selected species. A. K B. S C. J D. r

Batesian mimicry is a defence mechanism where: a) an organism blends into their environment, essentially hiding from predators. b) an organism will turn and fight a predator when cornered. c) colouration warns predators that the prey has very effective chemical defences. d) a palatable organism is similar in colouration and markings to an unpalatable one.

This type of colouration is used by an organism to show that it is extremely poisonous. a) aposematic b) cryptic c) Batesian d) Mullerian

In a population of wild geese there were 17 births and 62 deaths in the past year. What is the growth rate of this population? -3.6 per year + 45 per year +1054 per year -45 per year

A population of 3000 individuals experiences 99 births. This amounts to a per capita birth rate of 0.099 30.3 99 0.033

The per capita birth rate is 0.042 and there were 140 births for the year. The best estimate of the poulation size would be 6 3300 5900 4000

Population size is generally influenced by: Death Rate Birth Rate Immigration and Emigration All of the above

Birds that have a low probability of surviving the winter will tend to reproduce late in the summer. early in the spring. late in the spring. early in the summer.