The Living World Questions and Answers

Molecules that contain carbon are organic. True False

Link the following quote, by linguist S.I. Hayakawa, to the correct term and definition: "a statement about the unknown based on the unknown." Evidence, the body of facts used to support one's claims Inference, a conclusion based on inductive reasoning Claim, the assertion one makes in an argument

The three most common monosaccharides differ by their chemical formulas but not by their structures, so you can rearrange one to make the others. True False

2. Assume that a certain gene has the following DNA sequence of nucleotides: GACAAGTCCACACTC What would the mRNA strandtranscribed from this DNA sequence look like?

why are viruses NOT considered cells? you may explain this in terms of structure, function and/or biochemical activities.

The only animal to have a closed circulatory system includes the earthworm roundworm jellyfish shrimp

1. What are some of the personal traits and characteristics that are associated with effective leaders?

Monomers, like puzzle pieces, can only come together in one specific fashion. This helps to ensure the specificity of life. True False

The Red Queen Hypothesis suggests that populations. represent a continual threat to relatively large multicellular organisms such as ourselves and that is a continua populations. Pathogens such as bacteria, parasites, viruses New Ecological Niches with New Food Resources A Changing Environments and Climates Body Odor

Using the 10% rule when studying trophic pyramids, if the autotrophs produce 100 Joules of energy, how much energy is passed on to the herbivores? A. 15 Joules B. 10 Joules C. 0.1 Joule

The operational sex ratio is... The percent of males that will be chosen by females to mate when females are choosing mates. The percent of offspring that will survive to adulthood The number of males to females available for mating at any one time the measure of how hard male to male competition is (how likely one male will be killed in competition).

If a species has a highly risky environment, where predators have a high probability of killing them rather quickly, what would be the evolutionary life strategy which would confer the greatest fitness?

Experiments done to the Hox13a gene in fish suggest that... The genes needed to form the primitive amphibian hand were not even present to be able to modify unttil after land was colonized by the first amphi The genes needed to form the primitive amphibian hand were already present in fish, and only needed to be modified to form the primitive hand.

What characteristic was observed concerning reproductive success between males and female elephant seals? Males vary more in their reproductive success than females Females vary more in their reproductive success than males Both sexes have equivalent rates of reproductive success because in each case a male and female is required for reproduction. Most females do not reproduce, but instead a dominant female carries out almost all reproduction

Written by John Adams just seven years before the U.S. Constitution, this wording appears in a state constitution that became a model for the federal version. From which state does it come? Connecticut Massachusetts Pennsylvania

What reason is suggested by the Authors of the book as a reason why humans are one of the very few animals which has menopause?

In a gene under selection, the ratio of synonymous to non-synonymous mutations should be the same ratio in a pseudogene which is evolution). higher than lower than equal to None of the above

In Greek dramas, the role of the was awarded to the best actor. confidant protagonist antagonist

Of the gases listed, which can be most easily viewed in the atmosphere? A. nitrogen B. oxygen C. carbon dioxide D. water vapor

A soil sample contains 70% silt, 30% sand, and 0% clay. What type of soil do you have? A. loam B. silt loam C. clay

Two different types of viruses, virus A and virus B, infect the same cell. This results in the production of progeny/new viruses that have the proteins and genetic material (nucleic acids) of both virus A and virus B. The progeny viruses also have a greater (wider) host range than either virus A or virus B. This is most likely caused by: antigen shift antigen drift phage conversion transduction (either type) conjugation

Water is considered a molecule but not a compound. True False

Which of the following macromolecules contains carbon? Select all that apply. Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids

Prochlorococcus release membrane bound packets that contain DNA, RNA, and proteins. What is the name of the packet? matrix vesicle methane glucose

Charles Darwin said himself in On the Origin of Species that the evolution of the eye "seems, I freely confess, absurd in the highest possible degree." However, he stated that the idea that the eye couldn't possibly have evolved "can hardly be considered real", thus showing at this early stage in evolutionary research that complex adaptations may stupify the layman but that they simply are the result of th natural selection acting on multiple factors stepwise over time to yield their complex structure.

Which of the following must be considered when estimating TMRCA (time of most recent common ancestor) for a Species?(I discussed this at length in the Notes of Ch 9.) The rates of mutation in the sections of DNA being analyzed for the purpose of finding TMRCA. The average/effective generation time for the species (as a factor in the molecular clock) Population size for the species (as a factor in the molecular clock) Whether or not the sections of DNA being analyzed for TMRCA are under selection or not.

Gluten is a blend of proteins found in wheat, one of the primary products of the Agricultural Revolution which began over 10,000 years ago and that has brought humanity to its current population size. Suppose a particular mutation in gene X confers the ability to tolerate Gluten and thus provided an advantage to populations which had this mutation in their ability to populate the world. What would you expect to find when you look at this mutation and the DNA close to it on that chromosome which contains it in people who have the mutation?

Gene duplication can open the way to new functions by allowing changes to the regulation of paralogs. Mutatuions may change the regulatory regions of a paralog, or the gene encoding the proteins or RNA molecules that bind them. Thus both duplication and protein promiscuity allow for the reprogramming of genes. A gene may start to be expressed in a new organ, for example, or in response to a new signal. It can be added into a different network of genetic interractions and foster a new adaptation. This evolutionary switch is known as ______ It can affect a single gene or a module made up of several genes that work together in a network.

When calculating TMRCA for the worldwide human population, do all the parts of the genome (y-chromosome, autosomal DNA, mitochondrial DNA) suggest the same date for humanity? Yes No

Why is it that male seahorses are more picky about which females they mate with than males of most other animal species? Male seahorses invest more energy as opposed to females in the reproduction of the next generation Males seahorses are more colorful than females Male seahorses are far better at inseminating multiple females per generation. Male seahorses have the fastest sperm of any in the animal kingdom

Phage undergoing the lytic life cycle will do which of the following: insert (integrate) its nucleic acid/genome into host cell's DNA does NOT multiply (ie- does not make progeny phages) shuts OFF expression of its genes and becomes dormant/latent destroys/kils the host cell

viruses are known to undergo mutations. These mutations are most likely to be caused by? mistakes made during the assembly step mistakes made by host ribosomes during translation mistakes made by viral enzymes such as RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase mistakes made by the viruses' own ribosomes host cell polymerase making mistakes during viral nucleic acid replication

In retroviruses, transcription of the provirus: is done by reverse transcriptase converts viral mRNA/+RNA into viral DNA represents replication of viral genome/ nucleic acid occurs during the release step does NOT occur during the biosynthesis step

haemoagglutinin (HA): is unique to retroviruses is an enzyme that does the "uncoating" step of the life cycle helps the attachment molecule to bind to host cell by breaking down mucus is an enzyme that replicates the genome of (-) RNA viruses is the attachment molecule of the flu virus

we can stop the ENTRY step of the viral life cycle (not the stages before it) by preventing/inhibiting: endocytosis or fusion of the envelope with the plasma membrane the virus's attachment molecules from binding to the host cell receptor budding new copies of viral nucleic acid from combining with newly made viral proteins replication and expression of viral nucleic acid/genome

which of the following does NOT explain the host range of bacteriophages: DNA of eukaryotic cells are too different from viral nucleic acids, which means the virus would not be able to express the genes of host cell to help it to reproduce Only bacteria have receptors that are bound by the virus's attachment molecules virus has attachment molecules that recognize/bind surface molecules unique to bacteria eukaryotic cells do NOT have proteins (e.g., enzymes) and other items that the virus can use for replication (reproduction)

Which sex chromosome contains more genes? A. X B. Y C. R

Marissa and Tristan used to be best friends, but what started out as a small disagreement grew and grew into a feud resulting in them no longer being friends. This is best described as a(n) deescalatory spiral escalatory spiral positive spiral nonassertion spiral avoidance spiral

Which of the following lists all parts of the five-number for a box and summary whiskers plot? Mean, Median, Mode, Range, and Total Smallest, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 Minimum, Maximum, Range, Mean, and Median Minimum, Quartile 1, Median, Quartile 3, and Maximum

A student predicts that similar ice cubes will melt faster in a microwave than in a pot on the stove. How can this prediction be tested? Identify and record the temperature of each ice cube before each trial. Determine the volume of liquid water made by each ice cube. Observe and record the time for each ice cube to completely change to a liquid. Measure and compare the volume of the pot and the microwave.

What is one physiological process or bodily region that is highly sensitive to pH fluctuations? What everyday changes can be made to influence the pH of this process or region? Ex: stomach or mouth

Software used to submit medical claims must meet what set of standards? TCS ACS CMS DMERC

What is the purpose of an evolutionary tree? A. to show the age of a species and the fluctuations in its population B. to show the lineage of species and when they branched off from their common ancestor C. to show a common structure between living organisms

As climate change occurs, the carbonic acid increases in the oceans. Which of the following is incorrect? water becomes more acidic pH measurement (number) goes up pH measurement (number) goes down organism adapt or die

The present American standard of living is poor less vibrant the richest

When goods, services, or money are received in exchange for a promise to pay a sum of money at a future date, it is called credit Interest borrowing

On a checking register __ is the abbreviation for a transfer. TR TRF AP

A warm jacket for winter and nutritious food are values wants needs

What is the commission created for the purpose of reviewing the effectiveness of state agencies? A. State Review Board B. The Watchdog Commission C. Sunset Advisory Commission D. Government Waste Control

Which choice below would represent an organism with two dominant alleles? A. Bb B. bb C. BB