Anatomy and Physiology Questions

23 Non cash taxable benefits are subject to El premiums True False

10 Non cash taxable benefit are a Not taxable earnings b Insurable earnings c Not insurable earnings d Pensionable and insurable

21 According to PIPEDA employers must obtain an employee s consent before they collect personal information True False

6 Workers compensation premiums are calculated on a Annual maximum accessible earnings b Total accessible earnings c Total gross earnings d Excess earnings

15 External stakeholders include all the following except a Courts b Unions c Pension plan providers d The firm s accounting donort ont

17 CPP contributions are a Not calculated from the first earnings dollar of pensionable b Are calculated using the amount of pensionable earnings minus an exempt amount c Not based on the period of employment d Are voluntary deduction

19 The following are common pay period for frequencies except a Weekly b Bi weekly c Semi monthly d Bi monthly

18 Which of the following are no subject to CPP contributions a Income from employments b Taxable benefits and allowances c Controlled tips d Death benefit

9 Federal and provincial taxes are calculated on an employee s a Salary b Allowances and benefits c Gross taxable income d Pensionable and insurable

14 Which of the following is not a function of the payroll department a Timekeeping b Receiving payments for the company sales c Processing the payroll d Payroll accounting

16 Which program provides temporary financial assistance for unemployed Canadians while they are off work or upgrading their skills Canada Pension Plan Employment Insurance Income tax Canada Savings Bonds

13 Earnings allowance and benefits are a type of a Bonus b Wages C Employment income d Taxable benefit

1 James turned 18 years on September 14 When will his Canadian Pension Plan contribution commence a August 1st b September 1st c First pay of September First now of October 2

12 Earnings from employment are a Taxable b Insurable c Pensionable d All of the above

8 The sum of an employee s salary taxable allowances and taxable benefit is a Net pay b Net taxable income c Total deductions d Gross earnings

11 Which program was designed to provide protection in the form of benefits to contributors and their families against loss of income due to retirement disability and death Canada Pension Plan Employment Insurance Income tax Canada Savings Bonds

2 Josh was considered to be disabled by Service Canada in May When will his Canada Pension Plan contributions ceas a May 1st b June 1st c First pay of June d First pay of July

7 For which of the following is a employer required to pay an amount equal to 140 of the amount withheld from the employee s pay Federal income tax Provincial income tax Canada Pension Plan Employment Insurance

4 Which of the following is not a statutory deduction Income tax Union dues Canada Pension Plan Employment Insurance

5 SIN is a useful number to use as identification on pay statements communication to unions or benefit carriers True False

3 If an employee leaves on employer during the year to start work with another employer the new employer has to take into account what the employee s previous employer withheld in Canada Pension Plan contributions True False

8 The graph shown represents the ecological speciation of Moth s hosts Ecological Speciation of Moths Sexual Isolation Index 1 0 5 Same Hosts ecologically similar Different Hosts ecologically diverse Type of Population Pair Based on the graph which of the following predictions can be made regarding the ecological speciation of both types of hosts of the moth

Olaudah Equiano wrote his Interesting Narrative for an abolitionist audience and to bring new adherents into the fold by convincing them of the inhumanity of the slave trade Are there parts of his description of Africa or of enslavement that seem particularly geared towards converting British readers into abolitionists

15 Which of the following accurately compares the role of glucagon and insulin in regulating blood glucose levels a The primary function of both glucagon and insulin is to facilitate the uptake of glucose into body cells b Glucagon stimulates organs and tissues to release glucose whereas insulin stimulates organs and tissues to increase their uptake of glucose c Glucagon stimulates organs and tissues to increase their uptake of glucose whereas insulin stimulates organs and tissues to release glucose d Glucagon reduces blood glucose levels via glycolysis whereas insulin increases blood glucose levels via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

12 Steroid hormones bind to receptors in the a plasma membrane only b cytoplasm of nucleus c plasma membrane or cytoplasm d plasma membrane or nucleus Submit

11 Which of the following is a similarity between prolactin PRL and oxytocin OXT a Both target the mammary glands b Both are produced by the hypothalamus c Both target the uterus d Both are produced by the pituitary gland Submit

10 If your instructor asked you to identify the main target organs for the hypothalamus and pituitary hormones you could include all of the following except a Antidiuretic hormone ADH targets the kidneys b Luteinizing hormone LH targets the gonads c Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH targets the adrenal glands d Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH targets the respiratory system Submit

9 Which of the following accurately compares the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland a Both lobes are equal in size b The anterior lobe produces hormones whereas the posterior lobe stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus c The posterior lobe produces hormones whereas the anterior lobe stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus d Both lobes are outgrowths of the brain

8 The adrenal cortex produces produces and whereas the adrenal medulla a Corticosteroid hormones epinephrine norepinephrine b Norepinephrine gonadocorticoids mineralocorticoids c Epinephrine mineralocorticoids glucocorticoids d Mineralocorticoids glucocorticoids gonadocorticoids Submit

7 The system of vasculature that connects the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary is called the portal system a Hepatic b Renal c Ventral d Hypophyseal Submit

6 Which of the following is NOT an effect of thyroid hormones on peripheral tissues a Decreased heart rate b Increased rates of oxygen consumption and energy c Accelerated turnover of minerals in bone d Increased sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation Submit

5 Which of the following accurately compares two of the types of cells found in the pancreatic islets a Beta cells produce glucagon whereas PP cells F cells produce somatostatin b Alpha cells produce glucagon whereas beta cells produce insulin c Alpha cells produce insulin whereas delta cells produce pancreatic polypeptide d Delta cells produce insulin whereas PP cells F cells produce glucagon Submit

4 If you were giving an oral presentation on the hypothalamus and pituitary hormones that target the reproductive system you would likely make all of the following points except a Oxytocin OXT causes smooth muscle in the uterus to contract during childbirth and stimulates milk ejection from the mammary glands b Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH induces the production of milk by mammary glands c Follicle stimulating hormone FSH stimulates the ovaries to secrete estrogen and produce oocytes and it stimulates sperm development in the testes d Luteinizing hormone LH stimulates the production of testosterone by the testes and it stimulates ovulation in females

3 The posterior pituitary stores and secretes hormones produced by the a thalamus b cerebrum c hypothalamus d anterior pituitary Submit

2 When blood volume is too great the heart produces promote s water loss to decrease blood volume and pressure a Somatostatin b Mineralocorticoids c Natriuretic peptides d Antidiuretic hormone which Submit

1 All of the following are target organs of the anterior pituitary hormones except a the thyroid gland b the uterus c the adrenal glands d the ovaries

KEY POINT 1 A pH between 0 and 7 is acidic a pH of exactly 7 is neutral a pH between 7 and 14 is basic KEY POINT 2 The more free unattached H ions there are in a solution the more acidic it is KEY POINT 3 HCO3 is a buffer that makes pH less acidic by absorbing H ions in the blood so they re not free anymore KEY POINT 4 The kidneys control the amount of H excretion and amount of HCO3 conservation in the body in order to maintain the pH of the blood 1 If the pH of a system is rising is it becoming more acidic or more basic 2 Does that mean that it has more or less H ions 3 Does that mean that the kidney wants to excrete more or less H ions

Application Diabetic ketoacidosis is a complication of diabetes that occurs when cells cannot take in and use glucose for energy Instead cells break down fat instead of glucose As a result of this shift in metabolism a class of molecules called ketone bodies build up in the blood at a pace faster than the kidneys can compensate for The ketone bodies make the blood more acidic 1 In this situation would the kidneys try to excrete more or less H ions to compensate Why 2 Would the kidneys try to conserve more or less HCO3 to compensate Why

Application Hypertension high blood pressure could possibly be caused by which of the following clinical abnormalities Select all answers that apply a Low renin levels b High renin levels Low aldosterone d High aldosterone

5 Because water behaves this way what is aldosterone s effect on blood volume Why 6 Taking into account how aldosterone affects blood volume what is the effect of aldosterone on blood pressure Why Application Spironolactone is a medication that binds to the same receptor as aldosterone and blocks its action Think about how a coin cannot fit into a slot if the slot is jammed by something else and how this would cause the coin machine to not work Explain why excessively high blood potassium levels are a possible adverse side effect associated with this medication

1 Renin is an enzyme that converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I It is released in response to low blood pressure 2 Angiotensin I is converted into Angiotensin II by ACE Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 3 Angiotensin II exerts the following physiological effects Binds to smooth muscles surrounding blood vessels causing their diameter to constrict b Causes the release of aldosterone and ADH in ratios that depend on how you want to affect osmolarity of body fluid 1 How would systemic vasoconstriction narrowing the diameter of blood vessels all over the body affect blood pressure Why 2 Would a drug that inhibits ACE these are called ACE inhibitors increase or decrease blood pressure Why ID 62 63

Application When patients are dehydrated doctors administer IV fluids Explain why IV fluids cannot simply be pure water and why they would have to include some salt Remember that there is some salt inside each and every cell

5 When ADH reaches the kidneys does blood volume increase or decrease Why 6 When blood volume is affected in this way does blood pressure increase or decrease Why Application Caffeine inhibits the secretion of ADH from the part of the brain that produces it Explain why caffeine 1 causes people to pee more and 2 become dehydrated

Key points 1 Aldosterone binds to its receptor in the distal convoluted tubule DCT Key point 2 This binding causes the cells in the DCT to make channels that allow for the exchange of sodium Na and potassium K Follow the directions of the arrows to answer the questions below 2 Aldosterone causes Na to move from a The tubule into the blood b The blood into the tubule 3 Aldosterone causes K to move from a The tubule into the blood b The blood into the tubule 4 Water follows 5 Because water behaves this way what is aldosterone s effect on blood volume Why 6 Taking into account how aldosterone affects blood volume what is the effect of aldosterone on blood

Body compartments capillary wall cell membrane plasma ECF interstitial fluid intracelluar fluid ICF ECF extracellular fluid compartment fluid outside cells ICF intracellular fluid compartment fluid inside the cells Interstitial fluid fluid that surrounds the cell Plasma liquid component of blood The line between plasma and interstitial fluid is dotted the cells that line the capillaries are slightly leaky which means that ions can move freely between plasma and the interstitial fluid This results in solute concentration being identical in plasma and interstitial fluid 1 Based on the diagram above and the caption what are the two major compartments in which body Fluids can be found 2 The plasma component of the blood is in which of these compartments 3 In the human body solute concentration in the extracellular fluid influences cell volume How would high salt concentration in this compartment affect cell volume

Efferent arteriole Glomerulus Afferent arteriole KEY S E Bowman s capsule Peritubular capillaries Proximal tubule Filtration blood to lumen Reabsorption lumen to blood Secretion blood to lumen Excretion lumen to external environment Loop of Henle Distal tubule Collecting duct To To bladder and external environment renal vein Application The diagram above shows the peritubular capillaries wrapping around the kidney tubule The exchange of many substances like water occurs between the blood and the lumen of the tubule lumen just means the inside of the tube Use the concept of osmosis to explain what effect eating salty foods would have on blood pressure Hint Think about which direction water would move in if the blood were salty into the tubule from the blood or out of the tubule into the blood and how this would affect blood volume Then think about how blood volume would affect blood pressure

2 The plasma component of the blood is in which of these compartments 3 In the human body solute concentration in the extracellular fluid influences cell volume How would high salt concentration in this compartment affect cell volume 4 Water follows Use the osmosis review to answer this question Application Na is the primary extracellular cation It is what physicians refer to as salt in the body Explain how moving Na from one compartment to another can manipulate osmosis there is another question on the next page

Remember cell walls are semi permeable which means they only allow certain substances to pass through freely For these questions it s not the solute that moves it s the water A way to quickly visually assess the direction of water movement Water follows salt if there s salt on both sides of the semipermeable membrane then water moves toward the side with more salt to balance out the concentration on both sides and make them equal 1 Define osmolarity You can use its mathematical definition or describe what it is in words Describe the net direction of fluid movement in each of the cases above into or out of the cell 1 Hypotonic solution 2 Isotonic solution 3 Hypertonic solution

1 Under what conditions in the blood is ADH released a High solute concentration b Low solute concentration 2 In which direction does water diffuse after ADH is released From the tubule into the blood b From the blood into the tubule 3 How does this movement of water affect the osmolarity of the blood It dilutes the blood b It makes the blood more salty 4 How does this movement of water affect the osmolarity of the urine It dilutes the urine b It makes the urine more concentrated salty

Describe how cell volume is affected by the following solutions consider the direction of the movement of water you listed above 1 Hypotonic solution 2 Isotonic solution 3 Hypertonic solution