Anatomy and Physiology Questions

Listen Mark all statements that are TRUE a The two phases of the cell cycle are interphase and mitosis b Mitosis is specifically the division of one nucleus into two nuclei c DNA is replicated during R phase of interphase d of the four phases of mitosis the longest one is metaphase when the cell lines up all of the sister chromatids in the middle of the cell

Which direction will a small lipid soluble molecule move across the plasma membrane These types of molecules can pass freely through the plasma membrane both directions from high concentration to low concentration from low concentration to high concentration

a If the ion concentration increases or decreases how will that dictate the direction water flows

83 What two components of urine gives it its characteristic smell O Urea and creatinine O Urea and uric acid O Sodium and uric acid O Ammonia and creatinine 84 The respiratory system is separated into two divisions O True O False 85 Once in the glomerular capsule filtrate moves into the Renal pelvis O Major calyx O Proximal tubule O Loop of Henle 86 Conscious o

99 Which of the following blood pH levels are within normal ranges O 5 8 O 6 2 O 7 45 O 7 9 O 6 6 100 John has Gout He experiences pain in his fingers due to excess his joints O Urea O Uric Acid Calcium Filtrate that has lead to crystal deposits in

36 The body creates respiration through the action of hematopoiesis True False

7 Which of the following is NOT a type of acid base buffer system Bicarbonate System Phosphate System Enzyme System Protein System O All are acid case buffer systems 8 The liver pancreas and gallbladder all make up what O Alimentary Canal Digestive System Biliary System Waste System

22 THE carry the unne to the urinary bladder O Ureters O Urethra O Collecting ducts O Distal tubules 23 Which of the following is NOT a secretion made by the stomach to break down food O Gastric lipase O Pepsin Bile O HCL 24 If a provider diagnosed someone with an upper respiratory infection which one of the following structures could be infected O Trachea O Bronchioles O Alveoli O Lungs O Nasal Cavity

47 The male bladder sits Posteriorly and Anteriorly Medially and Laterally Anteriorly and Posteriorly Distal and Proximal and the female bladder sits

19 Which of the following muscles are responsible for exhalation O Diaphragm O Internal Intercostals O External Intercostals O Both A and B O Both A and C 20 The bile duct delivers bile from the gallbladder and empties into the O Liver O Stomach O Duodenum O Pancreas 21 Which two portions of the brain contain respiratory centers O Pons and Medulla Thalamus and Medulla O Hypothalamus and Pons O Cerebrum and Thalamus O Corpus Callosum and Cerebellum

12 What substance is responsible for the decrease in surface tension of the watery fluid at the surface of the alveoli Mucous Surfactant Epinephrine Oxygen Carbon Dioxide 13 A by product of nucleic acid metabolism found in urine is O Uric acid O Urea Ammonia O Water

4 There is no difference in the anatomical structure of the urethra in males and females O True False 5 Which alveoli cell type is a simple squamous epithelial cell Type I Type II Goblet Cells Mucous Cells Alpha Cells 6 Oxygen and carbon dioxide binds to what structure in red blood cells Iron Hemoglobin Nucleus Cytoplasm

16 The urethra ureters and bladder have a muscle layer made up of smooth muscle tissue True False 17 Which of the following could cause lung tissue scarring O Smoke O Tuberculosis O Both A B ONeither of the Above 18 Urea makes up over 50 of urine O True False

14 What type of epithelium composes both the bladder and ureter walls O Simple Squamous O Transitional Epithelium O Connective O Columnar Epithelium 15 What nerve s is are responsible for sending signals to the spinal cord during micturition O Vagus Nerve Pelvic Nerves Femoral Nerve O Thoracic Nerves

10 Which of the following correctly lists the order if structures which urine flows after leaving the nephron O Major and minor calyx renal pelvis ureter bladder urethra Renal pelvis ureter bladder urethra major and minor calyx Ureter bladder urethra major and minor calyx renal pelvis O Major and minor calyx ureter bladder urethra renal pelvis 11 Which hormone plays an important role in electrolyte output regulation OPTH ADH O Aldosterone Both A and C

2 Breathing can be voluntarily controlled by O Smooth Muscle Fibers of the Lungs O Cardiac Muscle of the Heart Skeletal Muscle of the Thorax O Skeletal Muscle of the Limbs O Neurotransmitters of the Pons

3 A condition caused by too much carbon dioxide in your blood is called O Pulmonary Acidosis O Pulmonary Alkalosis O Pulmonary Edema O Tuberculosis O Anemia

49 Water and electrolytes are dependent upon one another O True O False 50 The ability for the body to take in equal amount of fluid as it will shed is O Fluid Balance O Homeostasis O Hypovolemia O Regulation O Interdependence 51 High altitudes increase the lungs rate and depth of breathing O True

35 The larynx connects the nasal cavity to the epiglottis O True O False 36 The body creates respiration through the action of hematopoiesis O True False

O True O False 40 Which of the following is a non respiratory movement responsible for clearing out the lower respiratory system O Laughing O Coughing O Crying O Yawning O Breathing a normal life with only one lung 41 Which of the following is NOT a common electrolyte in the fluid balance of the body O Sodium Potassium O Folate O Magnesium O Calcium

32 Which of the following has the biggest impact in changing the pH of blood O Oxygen O Phosphate Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen O Albumins 33 Type Il cells secrete surfactant True O False

38 What is the hardest substance in the body Calcium O Salt lons O Enamel Fibrin

28 Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney O regulate iron absorption O regulate calcium absorption regulate blood pressure O remove metabolic waste from blood 29 A test used to evaluate the urine in an individual is called a O Urinalysis O Urine Volume Test O Complete Metabolic Panel CMP O Urine Differential 30 Each kidney contains how many nephrons O 7 million O 1 million O 7 000

HEA 213 Human 67 Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system regulate fluid volume filter blood of wastes excrete waste products regulate neural pathways 68 The fibrous coat of the ureter is what give it structure True False 69 Which section of the small intestine is the longest O Duodenum lleum Cecum O Jejunum 70 During inspiration what events are occurring O Diaphragm contracts and flattens

55 Lung tissue scarring has what effect on breathing depth O Increase depth O Decreases depth O Has no effect on depth O None of the above are true O Widens depth 56 A renal clearance test can determine the rate at which kidneys can O Excrete water O Reabsorb nutrients O Remove a chemical from the blood O Add a chemical to the blood 57 The average total lung capacity is O 3 Liters O 6 Liters O 2 Liters 8 Liters

O Diaphragm contracts and flattens External intercostal contract raising the ribs O Atmospheric pressure forces air into the lungs Alveolar sacs fill with air O All of the above is occurring 71 A by product of protein metabolism found in urine is O Uric acid O Urea Ammonia Water 72 What is the substance called that covers the mucous layer of the bladder protecting it from urine and bacte O Glycogen O Serous Fluid O Glycocalyx Surfontent

25 The body reduces fluid acidity by exhaling what substance O Carbon Dioxide O Oxygen O Hydrogen Nitrogen O Carbon Monoxide 26 The test used to measure lung capacity and volume is called O Electrocardiogram O Echocardiogram O Spirometry O Cardiac Output Breathing Rate 27 After filtrate leaves the proximal tubule it then flows through the O Loop of Henle O Distal Tubule O Renal Capillaries O Renal Vein

75 O 95 O 25 65 What percentage of total water output is lost in breathing 60 28 2 O 40 O 10 66 The renal medulla is composed of the renal pyramids nephrons O renal columns renal pyramids O renal corpuscles nephrons while the renal cortex is composed of

61 The body produces more O Bases Acids O Amino Acids Proteins O Acids Bases O Nutrients Proteins O Fats Carbohydrates than naturally 62 Which of the following is located at the concave side of the kidney O Hilum O Renal Columns O Renal Pelvis O Renal Sinus 63 The detrusor muscle can be found in the O Ureter O Urethra Kidney

Temperature O Solubility O Color Shape O Concentration 59 Up to 33 55 O 70 O 100 rate of water and electrolytes from filtrate is recycled and reabsorbed in the proximal tubule 60 The three types of muscles in the stomach are categorized as all of the following EXCEPT O Pennate O Circular O Oblique

O Expiration O Exhalation O Inhalation O Respiration O Expiratory Volume as 53 Which of the following is NOT an event caused by breathing O Smooth Muscle Contraction O Cellular Respiration O Ventilation O Gas Exchange O All of the above are events of breathing 54 Which of the following is NOT a way the body regulates acid base levels O Respiration O Acid Buffer Systems O Base Buffer Systems Urination

Professio 86 Conscious control of urination inhibits micturition by using what structure O Medulla O Cerebral cortex and pons O Spinal cord O Hypothalamus 87 The waste product pulled from blood in the glomerulus and dumped into the proximal tubule is called O Uric acid O Urea O Filtrate O Urine 88 During tubular reabsorption nutrients are sent back to what area O Renal pelvis O Interstitial spaces O Glomerulus O Ureter 89 Venule bundles in the glomerulus carry blood into the Bowmans capsule

93 A spiroscope is used to conduct spirometry O True False 94 Which of the following is a way that the body loses electrolytes O Exercise O Sweating Bowel movements O Urination O All of the above 95 The process of urination begins when the brain transmits a signal to the muscular bladder wall instructing it t while simultaneously signaling the sphincters to O Tighten relax Relax loosen O Contract tighten O Relax tighten

96 During inhalation what gas is taken into the body O Oxygen O Nitrogen Carbon Dioxide O Carbon Monoxide O Plasma

97 Osmotic pressure is where fluid moves in an effort to reach O Concentration equilibrium Gas Exchange O Diffusion O Evaporation None of the above 98 The kidneys are located O at the third lumbar vertebra anterior to the stomach O located behind the parietal peritoneum bilaterally O against the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity laterally to the lungs superior to the diaphragm 99 Which of the following blood pH levels are within normal ranges O 5 8 6 2 7 45 O 7 9

89 Venule bundles in the glomerulus carry blood into the Bowmans capsule True O False 90 Which of the following is NOT a structure of the mouth O Salivary Glands O Teeth O Uvula O Rugae 91 This muscular valve prevents gastric juices from flowing back out of the stomach and into the esophagus OPyloric sphincter O Uvula O Cecum O Cardiac sphincter 92 Kidney stones are cause by excessive uric acid in the kidney

77 The structure responsible for filtering and warming air when we breath is the O Pharynx O Larynx O Windpipe Nasal Cavity O Epiglottis 78 What are the name of the structures in the renal cortex responsible for filtration of blood ONeurons O Nephrons O Loops of Henle O Trigone 79 There are two ureters attached to each kidney O True O False

80 Which of the following blood pH levels are in an alkaline range 5 8 O 6 2 O 7 4 O 7 9 6 6 81 Alveoli are the primary sites for gas exchange O True False 82 The primary function of the large intestine is to O Breakdown food Absorb nutrients Absorb water O Create bile

73 Water loss that occurs through respiration occurs due to Osmotic Pressure O Diffusion O Evaporation O Hydrostatic Pressure O None of the above 74 The cecum is pouch like in shape O True O False 75 Renal clearance can determine how quickly a medication is metabolized in the body O True O False 76 Both electrolytes and water is equally distributed throughout the body O True

9 What was a penalty system for each system if they broke a rule 10 In traditional societies what was an economic reason for reciprocity mutual

10 What is cholera a How does it affect the CFTR

7 How does a saline IV intravenous solution in the blood rehydrate a patient

9 What is the mechanism of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR channel

3 How does an oral rehydration solution that contains electrolytes and glucose rehydrate a patient Hint SGLT transporter a Can you think of any reasons or situations the IV or the oral rehydration solution would be better

3 What is protein specificity a How does this apply to signal molecules on cell membranes b How can the cell be prevented from reacting to signal molecules

2 Explain how the body can be in a state of osmotic equilibrium and chemical disequilibrium a Is this an example of homeostasis

i How is the lumen of the alimentary canal or renal tubule classified b What are the 3 fluid compartments of the body

Listen As compared to sexual reproduction asexual reproduction facilitates the making of new organisms produces offspring that are unique can happen rapidly via meiosis requires less energy and ressources leads to minimal or no genetic variability

please order the following stages of gametes formation spermatogonium spermatozoa Meiosis I Secondary spermatocyte haploid Spermatids Meiosis II primary spermatocyte diploid

Listen whereas in protostome animals the mouth originates from the blastopore it comes from the mesoderm the anus comes first the mouth comes second follow a radial cleavage spiral cleavage leading to mosaic embryo the blastopore becomes the anus the mouth comes from the blastopore In deuterostome animals