Introduction to Physiology Questions and Answers

Once the air enters the nose, it travels to the lungs through the in that order. larynx, trachea, bronchus, and bronchiole trachea, larynx, bronchiole, and bronchus trachea, larynx, bronchus, and bronchiole larynx, bronchus, bronchiole, and trachea

Put these myofibers in the order they would be recruited as the body moves from a weak to a strong stimulus: 1. glycolytic fast-twitch fibers 2. fatigue-resistant oxidative fast-twitch fibers 3. fatigue-resistant slow-twitch fibers 3,2,1 1,2,3 1,3,2 3, 1, 2 2, 3, 1

A certain drug is known to block monovalent cation channels. This drug is used as a "muscle relaxer." Skeletal muscle relies on monovalent cation channels for the generation of action potentials to trigger contraction, whereas smooth muscle cells have more "routes" available to trigger contraction. Blocking one route would not be sufficient to cause relaxation; hence, this drug would be more likely to be effective on skeletal muscle.Would it affect both smooth and skeletal muscles or only skeletal muscles? muscle contruction does not require monovalent cations to be triggered this drug would work equally on smooth and skeletal muscle. this drug would be more likely to be effective on skeletal muscle. this drug would be more likely to be effective on smooth muscle.

Which of the following does NOT describe perception by one of the general senses? pain pressure temperature sight touch

Which of the following describes the relationship between length and tension? As the muscle's resting length increases, the active force will decrease. As the muscle's resting length decreases, the active force will decrease. As the muscle's resting length increases, the active force will increase. The active force can increase or decrease, depending on the starting resting length of the muscle.

In your PhysioEx Exercise2 Activity2 (Tetanus in isolated skeletal muscle), which of the following is true of the maximum stimulus frequency? Muscle has reached maximal tetanic tension. Muscle force will decrease. No greater muscle force can be generated and muscle force will decrease. No greater muscle force can be generated. No greater muscle force can be generated and the muscle has reached maximal tetanic tension.

The effects of lidocaine and tetrodotoxin were similar, but lidocaine had a greater effect identical similar, but tetrodotoxin had a greater effect very different, because lidocaine had no effect

Why does wave summation occur? Muscle twitches are not yet overlapping. A large amount of time elapses between stimulations. Muscle fibers have been allowed to fully relax. Muscle fibers are partially contracted when the next stimulus arrives.

A synaptic cleft can be found between a neuron and another neuron a neuron and a muscle a neuron and another neuron, a neuron and a muscle, as well as a neuron and a gland a neuron and a gland

Increasing the strength of the stimulus applied to the sensory receptor increased the frequency of action potentials in the sensory neuron and the amount of neurotransmitter released at the axon terminal of the sensory neuron the frequency of action potentials in the sensory neuron the amount of neurotransmitter released at the axon terminal of the sensory neuron the frequency of action potentials in the interneuron the frequency of action potentials in the sensory neuron, the amount of neurotransmitter released at the axon terminal of the sensory neuron and the frequency of action potentials in the interneuron

The membrane potential that occurs when neurotransmitters bind to their receptors is called a postsynaptic potential a receptor potential an action potential and a receptor potential an action potential

Which of the following describes how increasing the duration of the rest period affected muscle tension? Decreasing the duration of the rest period increased muscle tension. Increasing the duration of the rest period increased muscle tension. Increasing the duration of the rest period decreased muscle tension. Decreasing the duration of the rest period decreased muscle tension.

Which of the following describes the relaxation phase? The sarcomeres are decreasing in length, and the force generated increases. The sarcomeres are increasing in length, and the force generated decreases. The sarcomeres are increasing in length, and the force generated increases. The sarcomeres are decreasing in length, and the force generated decreases.

Synthesis of progesterone in the ovary and testosterone in the testis is stimulated by MSH. OTSH. LH. FSH. ACTH.

Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located: on the nuclear membrane of their target cells. on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells. in the cytoplasm of their target cells on the plasma membrane of their target cells.

Which hormone is required for ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum? LH PTH PRL TSH FSH

Which are target organs for parathyroid hormone (PTH)? Stomach and large intestine Bone and muscle Heart and liver Skin and thyroid gland Bones, kidneys, and intestines

Name a glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex. cortisol hydrocortisone corticosteriod all of the choices are correct

As the stimulus voltage was increased in your physioex exercise1 activity1 (the muscle twitch and the latent period), which of the following occurred? The latent period decreased in length. The muscle force generated decreased. The muscle force generated increased. The latent period increased in length.

Specialized cells that monitor various internal and external conditions are called general senses. sensory receptors. special senses. visual neurons. motor neurons.

is the backup energy molecule that can be rapidly converted to ATP in active skeletal muscle. Protein Fatty acid Glucose Phosphocreatine

Visceral reflex arcs do NOT control: heart rate. blood pressure. voluntary muscle functions. digestion.

Myasthenia gravis is a disease characterized by reduction in the number of acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscles. How may this disease be treated? All of the above A treatment that could prolong the action of acetylcholine A treatment that could interfere with acetylcholine breakdown A treatment that could increase the amount of acetylcholine released

The resting length of the muscle occurs when peak tension develops. describes the length of the muscle during contraction. occurs when the muscle is relaxed. describes the muscle during stimulation.

Which of the following occurs if the load attempted is equal to or greater than the force generated by a muscle? A. Isometric muscle contraction occurs. B. The muscle shortens. C. Isotonic muscle contraction occurs. D. The muscle lengthens.

The nervous system avoids muscle fatigue during submaximal contraction by synchronous recruitment. asynchronous recruitment. always recruiting slow-twitch motor units. always recruiting fast-twitch motor units.

Fluid balance refers to the balance between fluid gains and fluid losses. True or False

What is the function of leptin? What is the function of insulin?

How does ghrelin, CCK and peptide YY function in appetite regulation?

Who won the Nobel Prize in medicine for their work on fatty acids and cholesterol and heart disease? A. Konrad Bloch B. Feodor Lynen C. Konrad Bloch and Feodor Lynen D. Michael Brown

In _________tissue, the cells are closely placed and form continuous sheets covering the external body surface and internal body organs. connective epithelial muscle nervous

What organ is your first line of defense against the entry of pathogens? Thymus Skin Bone marrow Pancreas

melanoma is common among African Americans. Acral lentiginous Lentigo Maligna Nodular Superficial spreading

The tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone is called axon tendon cyton neuron

Smooth muscles are found in the biceps triceps uterine wall heart

How to manage dehydration? By eating more breads By drinking plenty of water By applying heat pads on the muscle By stretching or gently massaging the muscle

Which of the following is a thread-like strand that carries genes? O Chromosome O Ovum O Sperm O Zygote

Intensity of a sensory stimulus is encoded in the following way(s): A. activating different types of receptors B. differences in firing rate frequencies C. changing the number of receptors activated D. increasing the amplitude of deflection of the action potential

How much UV exposure did it take to kill almost all of the Staphylococcus epidermidis colonies?

Which of these vitamins is water-soluble? vitamin A vitamin K vitamin D vitamin C

What is the primary effect of gastric-inhibitory peptide (GIP)? GIP causes the gallbladder to contract and release bile. GIP inhibits acid secretion from parietal cells. GIP stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes from acinar cells. GIP stimulates gastric motility.

Vaccinations involve exposure to an antigen to elicit a primary immune response. This is an example of which type of immunity? artificially acquired naturally acquired passive innate

Kayla's family has a history of high blood pressure. High blood pressure can lead to serious health problems such as heart disease. Which statement best explains why Kayla can avoid getting heart disease? Genotypes that are related to high blood pressure are not inherited. Phenotypes that are related to high blood pressure are not inherited. The genotype of high blood pressure can be changed. The phenotype of high blood pressure can be changed.

Sarah has always been a picky eater. In her teens, she began exploring more of a vegetarian diet, but had an unusual aversion to orange foods like cantaloupe, carrots, sweet potatoes, and squash. She noted that she always had dry skin, frequent cold-like illnesses, and recently began noticing blurry vision. Her primary care doctor did not detect any specific condition on routine screening. Given her food preferences, he asked her to meet with a dietician. Given Sarah's symptoms and food preferences, which vitamin is Sarah likely deficient in?

Which option identifies when Bob first engaged in marketing in the following scenario? Bob decided to open a new restaurant that will feature a menu of his favorite, original dishes. The plan was to buy all raw ingredients locally from organic farmers, so he went to the local co-op to determine which growers he would like to work with. While standing in line, Bob started chatting with some of the other co-op members and began telling them about his business ideas and the types of dishes he had created. Other co- op patrons were very intrigued. Even though his restaurant was months from opening, Bob was bubbling with excitement after the co-op visit and began posting his ideas for the restaurant and its menu on Facebook. As the opening date got closer, he distributed fliers in the mail, then bought an ad in the local paper that contained a coupon.

Which of the following statements is true of the dilation phase of delivery? This phase includes the beginning of uterine contractions It is the shortest phase of labor It include the act of "pushing" the baby through the birth canal The placenta is delivered during this stage

Which of the following BEST explains why smooth muscle are called involuntary muscle? Smooth muscles have a striated or striped appearance. smooth muscle cannot be controlled by a person. A smooth muscle can be controlled by a person.

Part 1 Which do you believe is the greater cause of criminal behaviors; a person's environment or their DNA? State your opinion and provide at least 5 informed, supporting statements to back up your claim. Part 2 A man walked into Smallville Apartments and burglarized several units. When the Smallville crime scene investigators arrived, they found two fingerprints on the counter in one of the units that they believed were left by the perpetrator. The first fingerprint was classified as a loop and the second fingerprint was classified as a whorl. The investigators went back to the police station and looked through their fingerprint cards until they found a local man with a record of driving while under the influence of alcohol who had both loop and whorl fingerprint patterns on the same hand. They arrested the man confident they had found the perpetrator. 1. Why are they wrong to be confident in their arrest and what errors in investigating fingerprints did they make? You should discuss at least three reasons the investigators are incorrect in this situation. 2. What type of prints were collected from the kitchen counter, patent, plastic, or latent? 3. Construct an explanation for what technique could be used to lift and evaluate these prints.

Part 1: At a crime scene you find a piece of glass with a red, dried liquid, and a yellow fiber on the edge lying on the ground. Upon closer inspection, you notice that there is also a smudged fingerprint crossing the center of the glass. Your job is to plan and carry out an investigation to analyze this evidence. Explain how you would collect, preserve and analyze this evidence. What would you hope to find out from this piece of evidence? Indicate whether the glass, red liquid, fingerprint and yellow fiber are each individual or class evidence. Why? Part 2: Read the quote below and respond to all three of the discussion questions in your post. Conduct an internet search on this topic; some links have been provided at the bottom to help you get started. "Computer forensics has also sparked a tremendous amount of controversy in the law enforcement, civil rights and technology fields. Some tech experts have even developed antiforensic software simply to prove that evidence collected from a computer is not reliable." -Carter Law, Criminal Defense Attorney 1) After learning how Computer Forensics are used to analyze and interpret data, do you think this quote is accurate? Why or why not? 2) Do you feel there are any situations in which it is unethical for law enforcement to seize and search a citizen's computer or data storage devices? Support your answer with at least 2 arguments. 3) What kind of controversy do you think the author of the quote was referring to in the "law enforcement, civil rights and technology fields"?

T cells are one of the long-lived types of immune system cells. After years & rounds of re-activation, these cells undergo which limits their numbers, preventing the body from being overrun by obsolete T cells. necrosis genesis activation-induced cell death (AICD) deactivation by cytokine storm