Nervous System Questions and Answers
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemIn skeletal muscles, the forms the dark band.
Z band
I band
A band
Y zone
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemDepolarization of the nerve membrane begins with
decreased permeability of Na+ ions
decreased permeability of K+ ions
increased permeability of K+ ions
increased permeability of Na* ions
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemAcetylcholinesterase is:
A. An enzyme present on both the postsynaptic membrane and in the synaptic cleft; it inactivates acetylcholine by breaking it into acetate and choline.
B. An enzyme present in the postsynaptic membrane and in the synaptic cleft which inactivates the catecholamines.
C. An enzyme responsible for making acetylcholine from acetate and choline.
D. An enzyme responsible for converting dopamine into norepinephrine.
E, Two of the above are correct.
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemDiscussion Question 1: Define Classical Conditioning. Define each step: NS, UCS, UCR, CS. Give an example of classical conditioning in your own words.
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemSmall motor units
generate more tension than large motor units
tend to be recruited first during a contraction
are innervated by motor neurons with a relatively high threshold
require more excitatory input to initiate an action potential
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemCarbamate insecticides work by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synapse. A patient reports to your clinic in respiratory distress after inhaling carbamate pesticide. The suspicion is that the patient's respiratory muscles are spasming. What is the likely reason behind the physiological effects of Carbamate?
Excessive amounts of Acetylcholine in the synapse
Carbamate is a Nicotinic antagonist
Insufficient amounts of acetylcholine in the synapse
Destruction of Nicotinic receptors
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemThe neurotransmitters released in the sympathetic nervous system are epinephrine and norepinephrine. However, the neurotransmitters exert different effects depending on the tissue they bind with. What is the best explanation for this?
Adrenergic Receptors are metabotropic
The chemical structure of the neurotransmitter changes depending on the tissue.
Epinephrine binds with nicotinic receptors and norepinephrine binds with muscarinic receptors.
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemIn this project, you will complete a fitness plan based on an initial fitness assessment. You will use the SMART goal you wrote in Module 2 to assist you in creating your fitness plan.
Subjective Assessments Answer the following questions honestly and in detail.
How often do you currently participate in physical activity? What types of activities do you participate in?
What are your feelings towards physical activity? Explain what your current eating habits are. Include how often you eat, foods you typically eat, etc.
Do you have any health conditions that could limit the types of physical activities you participate in? If so, how do they affect your physical condition?
What were your SMART goals from Module 2?
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemMuscle action continues to occur while Ca is present in the sarcoplasm. Ca is
None of the included answers is correct.
removed by chemical bonding to troponin
destroyed by Case
removed by active transport pumps
removed by the Golgi apparatus
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemPlace the following events in the correct order.
Acetylcholine (Ach) is released into the synaptic cleft
Synaptic vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane.
ATP attaches to the myosin head causing it to release from actin
An action potential arrives at the axon terminal
Acetylcholine (Ach) binds to integral protein receptors of the motor end plate
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemNeuron J has a resting membrane potential of -70mV and a threshold value of 50mV Neuron releases neurotransmitter onto Neuron J, which causes a 20mV depolarization at the axon hillock. Neuron L causes a 10mV hyperpolarization at the axon hillock. In which of the following scenarios would an action potential be generated at Neuron J's axon?
Neuron K and Neuron Leach fire once, simultaneously.
Neuron K fires once
Neuron L fires once
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemWhat would be the effect if sodium were suddenly allowed to move freely through the membrane
above?
Glucose would no longer be transported against its gradient.
TRUE
Sodium would be able to freely diffuse against its gradient.
FALSE
Sodium would continue to be pumped through the Na+-K+ ATPase
TRUE
Glucose would continue to be pumped through the Na+-glucose symporter.
TRUE
The sodium gradient across the membrane would not change.
FALSE
ATP would continue to be consumed by the Na+-K+ ATPase.
TRUE
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemCells of your body are specialized to perform a multitude of separate functions. How does your body maintain different homeostatic set points so that neurons in your brain are healthy and foveolar cells lining your stomach are also healthy? Obviously, your brain and your stomach are not the same environment. How is this maintained?
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemWhich statement is true regarding action potentials?
A) The repolarization phase must occur prior to depolarization during an action potential
B) The generation or creation of an action potential does not depend on the strength of the stimulus a neuron receives
C) Action potentials travel slower in myelinated axons
D)An action potential once started, cannot be stopped or negated
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemSuppose you accidentally step on a sharp object with your bare right foot. You flex that right leg so as to lift up the right foot off the ground.Then you extend your left leg to transfer all your body weight on to your left leg. What is this reflex called?
Joint kinesthetic reflex
Visceral reflex
Transection reflex
Crossed extensor reflex
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemRhodopsin and cyclic GMP are made and sodium channels remain open, in the:
Retina of the eye in the dark
When a blurred image forms on the retina due to unequal curvature of the lens
When ear pressure has to be equalized on either side of the tympanic membrane
Retina of the eye in the presence of bright light
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemBriefly discuss the events that take place at the neuromuscular junction, starting with the action potential that travels down the axon. Be sure to include all important components necessary to begin a depolarization event.
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemWhat is the correct order for the parts of the spinal cord, from superior to inferior?
Cervical - thoracic - sacral - coccygeal - lumbar
Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal
Thoracic - cervical - lumbar - coccygeal - sacral
Thoracic-lumbar - sacral- cervical - coccygeal
Thoracic-lumbar - sacral - coccygeal - cervical
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemWhen a sensory receptor gets activated by a stimulus, which of the following might lead to activation:
a.) Close Na+ channels, b.) Open Cl- channels c.) Close K+ channels d.) None of the above
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemMatch the terms in column B with the descriptions in column A:
Column A
1. light bending
2. ability to focus for close (under 20 ft) vision
3. normal vision
4. inability to focus well on close objects (farsightedness)
5. nearsightedness
6. blurred vision due to unequal curvatures of the lens or cornea
7. medial movement of the eyes during focusing on close objects
Column B
accommodation
astigmatism
convergence
emmetropia
hyperopia
myopia
refraction
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemName three sites where receptors for taste are found, and circle the predominant site:
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemCell bodies of sensory neurons are located in
the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
the thalamus
the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord
sympathetic ganglia
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemWhich of the following is NOT an example of an unconditioned stimulus?
bitter taste
blue light
loud sound
a foot shock
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemWhich below would describe a positive Babinski response during plantar reflex testing?
1) A positive Babinski response is when the toes flex down towards the floor.
2) A positive Babinski response is when the toes extend up toward the ceiling
Anatomy and Physiology
Nervous SystemThe plasma membrane of an excitable cell is more permeable to potassium ions because-
there are more leak ion channels for K+ than Na+.
of its positive electrical charge.
protein molecules cannot exit through the cell membrane.
there are more gated channels for K+.
calcium ions block Na+ and Cl- channels.