Biology Questions

6 4 Plants and animals play major roles in cycling materials in ecosystems 1 poin The diagram below represents one particular cycle Letters W and Y represent different processes Letters X and Z represent different gasses Which of the following statements correctly identifies part of this cycle 7 O Letter Z represents nitrogen gas O Letter Y represents transpiration O Letter X represents oxygen gas Letter W represents cellular respiration

6 4 Which of the following processes removes carbon from the air and uses 1 poi it to make organic compounds O combustion decomposition photosynthesis respiration

2 4 Which of the following substances is used by plants as a reactant in photosynthesis Oglucose O carbon dioxide O oxygen O pyruvic acid

2 5 What directly supplies the energy a cell needs for activities such as moving its cilia or transporting molecules against a concentration gradient O ATP O hemoglobin ORNA O triglycerides

2 4 Some types of bacteria are able to perform photosynthesis These bacteria must therefore contain which of the following in their membranes Ochlorophyll O glucose O mitochondria O ribosomes

2 4 Plants in floodplains often get covered by water during floods Some plants survive the floods because they can continue photosynthesis underwater However the plants rates of photosynthesis are much lower underwater than above water Which of the following helps to explain why the rates of photosynthesis are lower underwater than above water The available light is less intense underwater The chloroplasts do not function underwater There is no carbon dioxide in the water There is too much oxygen in the water 1 pe

6 4 Which of the following are mainly cycled through the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration nitrogen and oxygen nitrogen and sulfur O carbon and oxygen O carbon and sulfur

2 4 The diagram below shows a chloroplast and some of the components of the reactions that occur in chloroplasts Which of the following is a product of the reactions that take place in a chloroplast nitrate hydrogen gas O protein oxygen gas Sunlight H O 1

2 5 In a cell a phosphate group is added to ADP to form ATP Which of the 1 point following best describes the importance of the formation of ATP O O It creates new polysaccharides O It provides energy for the cell OIt connects amino acids It catalyzes chemical reactions

2 4 The products of photosynthesis are carbohydrates and oxygen Which process uses these substances as reactants O fertilization cellular respiration Otranslation mechanical digestion 1

6 4 A simple diagram of nutrient cycling is shown below What substances 1 poin do X and Y represent in this nutrient cycle Producers X Consumers O Substance X is carbon dioxide and substance Y is oxygen O Substance X is nitrogen and substance Y is ammonia O Substance X is glucose and substance Y is starch O Substance X is salt and substance Y is water

2 4 In cells aerobic respiration cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen is more efficient than anaerobic respiration cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen This is because aerobic respiration produces more of which of the following substances O ATP O DNA O glucose O protein

2 5 During exercise a person s muscles need a constant supply of ATP To meet this need the rate of which of the following processes increases O mitosis Ocellular respiration Otranscription 1

What is the BEST term to describe what is seen in the image below Select one O Replicated Chromosome O Bivalent O Chromosome O None of these are the correct term Chromatid

6 3 The diagram below shows part of a food web in a salt marsh Which organisms in the food web belong to the trophic level that provides the most available energy to the ecosystem Eagles Shorebirds Fish Shrimp shrimp Herons Phytoplankton Oherons Ophytoplankton shorebirds

In the picture on display which stage of the cell cycle is NOT displayed Note Please examine ALL cells in the image not just those with letter labels 1916 a e G ET Select one O Interphase O Prophase O Anaphase O Metaphase O Telophase 11 C Co ACOS M

6 3 Which of the following statements describes one way that energy is transferred in a food web O Consumers obtain energy directly from sunlight O Producers store energy made by animals O Energy is cycled between producers Plants provide energy to consumers

6 3 The energy that primary consumers use for metabolism and growth comes directly from which of the following sources O organic compounds synthesized by producers O organic compounds released by decomposers O organic compounds stored in carnivore tissues O organic compounds absorbed from the environment

6 3 The diagram below shows an energy pyramid for an aquatic ecosystem 1 point Which of the following statements best explains why the energy pyramid is narrowest at the top Top carnivores Producers Carnivores Herbivores te The organisms at the top of the pyramid receive only a small fraction of the energy that originally enters the system O The organisms at the top of the pyramid need only a small amount of energy for their metabolism The organisms at the top of the pyramid have the largest population sizes The organisms at the top of the pyramid are the most efficient feeders

6 3 A partial food web is shown below Which of the following describes the 1 point relationship between the earthworms and the beetles in the food web Robins Moles X2 Earthworms Beetles Bacteria Fungi Plants O The earthworms and the beetles both compete for fungi O The earthworms help the beetles survive and the beetles help the earthworms survive The earthworms help the beetles survive and the beetles do not harm the O O The earthworms and the beetles both compete for robins and moles earthworms

6 3 There are many fungus species that live inside plant tissues What determines whether the relationship between a fungus and a plant is commensalism mutualism or parasitism O whether the effect of the fungus on the plant is neutral positive or negative O whether the fungus reproduces in the plant with spores seeds or runners O how long the fungus survives in the plant O where the fungus is located in the plant

6 3 Bacteria that live in the digestive systems of cows help break down the 1 point plants that cows eat providing nutrients to cows The digestive systems of cows offer a safe environment in which the bacteria can live and reproduce Which type of relationship exists between the bacteria and the cows O commensalism O mutualism Oparasitism O predation

The is the stepwise method or sequence of steps to be performed for the experiment O controlled variable independent variable dependent variable procedure Ohypothesis

6 3 A partial food web is shown below Which organisms in the food web are both primary and secondary consumers Coyotes Foxes Muskrats Bluegills M Cattails Algae Obluegills O cattails Snakes Ocoyotes O snakes Snails

webs m parasitism competition and food 6 3 Which of the following relationships is the best example of mutualism 1 point O a tick feeding on a deer O a coyote killing and eating a rabbit O a bee eating nectar and pollinating flowers O a parent tree blocking sunlight from reaching a seedling tree

A controlled experiment is one in which the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reactions and process all experimental data there are at least two groups one of which does not receive the experimental treatment there are at least two groups one differing from the other by two or more variables there is one group for which the scientist controls all variables

A proposed explanation for an observation is a an observation experiment control group law hypothesis

Why is it important that an experiment include a control group The control group is the group that the researcher is in control of it is the group in which the researcher predetermines the nature of the results The control group provides a reserve of experimental subjects A control group is required for the development of an if then statement A control group assures that an experiment will be repeatable Without a control group there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested or to some other factor

The is the one variable or experimental condition that is manipulated and is the most important variable by which to test a hypothesis C controlled variable independent variable dependent variable procedure

The controlled variable 8 8 8 8 8 is measured or counted or observed in response to the experimental conditions independent variable O dependent variable procedure hypothesis

Even though a hypothesis can be falsified it can be proved to be true True False

Which of the following are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis 1 It is testable II It is falsifiable III It produces quantitative data IV It produces results that can be replicated I only II only III only I and II III and IV

The 10 question pre lab quiz must be completed in one 20 minute session and can only be taken once Question 1 Science assumes that biological systems are understandable and can be explained by fundamental rules or laws True 1 pts Falco

For a question to be pursued by scientists the phenomenon must be well defined and testable True False

mammal species introduced onto an isolated island in 1957 Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data Number of Individuals 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1955 Changes in Population Size 1960 1965 1970 Am 1975 1980 Year 1985 An 1990 1995 2000 O Every year more individuals were born than died A predator of this mammal was removed from the island in 1990 O The population decreases were the result of low immigration rates O In the 1980s the mammal s population size stayed around its carrying capacity

1 pc 6 1 A population of mosquito larvae is living in a large pond Mosquitofish are a type of fish that eat mosquito larvae Which of the following describes a direct effect on the population of mosquito larvae when mosquitofish are introduced to the pond Odeaths increase Obirths decrease emigration increases immigration decreases

6 1 The cardinal is a type of bird Which of the following would increase the 1 point size of a population of cardinals in a forest O an increase in the birth rate of cardinals O an increase in the death rate of cardinals O increased emigration of young cardinals from the forest ecosystem O increased immigration of cardinal predators into the forest ecosystem

6 1 The graph below shows changes that occurred in the size of a population of animals over a year Which of the following is best supported by the graph Population Size 120 100 80 60 40 20 Population Sizes during One Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month 1 point O Between month 1 and month 5 the immigration rate was zero Between month 4 and month 6 a predator was introduced into the ecosystem and increased the death rate Between month 5 and month 7 the birth and emigration rates decreased and the death and immigration rates increased Between month 8 and month 12 the birth and immigration rates equaled the death and emigration rates

6 1 A small population colonized an isolated island Over time the size of the population increased to its carrying capacity as represented in the graph below Which of the following conditions will most likely keep the population at its carrying capacity Population Size Carrying capacity Time O a death rate that is half the birth rate a death rate of zero a death rate that is twice the birth rate a death rate equal to the birth rate 1

6 1 Black bears can be found in several areas in Texas and Mexico The size 1 poi of one of these bear populations decreased when some individuals from the population moved to another area What caused a decrease in the size of this bear population O emigration extinction speciation natural selection

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes differ by Select one O Eukaryotes contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles while prokaryotes a not O Prokaryotes contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles while eukaryotes d O not Eukaryotes contain specialized cell structures while prokaryotes do not O Prokaryotes contain specialized cell structures while eukaryotes do not

C A B D sig There are seven species of sea turtles in the world and six of them are classified as endangered Three species are said to be critically endangered and the hawksbill sea turtle is one of those species Sea turtles are endangered because of human activity If humans choose not to take steps to protect these critically endangered animals they will soon be extinct Every two to five years female hawksbill sea turtles return to the area where they were born to mate They leave the sea and choose an area on the beach to lay their eggs They dig a pit in the sand fill it with about 130 eggs cover it and then retreat to the sea The eggs are now on their own Humans must do something to help the sea turtles One solution is to turn off the lights on beaches where sea turtles nest Another solution is to use turtle safe lighting on the beach These red lights emit less visible light and therefore do not confuse the hatchlings Executing either of these simple actions could improve the likelihood of survival for hawksbill sea turtles After about sixty days the eggs hatch The most dangerous time of the hawksbill s life is now The hatchlings must travel to the sea before they are devoured by predators Crabs and seagulls prey on these hatchlings How do they know where to go Sea turtles are attracted to light Before electricity was invented the brightest light was the moonlight reflecting on the sea Therefore the hatchlings would simply follow the light and end up in the sea Unfortunately things are not as simple anymore Beaches have become popular places filled with houses hotels and condominiums Even at nighttime shorelines are well lit If the lights are on the hatchlings become confused and wander inland toward the bright lights As a result many die before they can find the ocean 555 1 SEQUENCE What do female sea turtles do immediately after they lay their eggs They sit on their eggs They abandon their eggs and return to the sea They cover their eggs with sand They start gathering food for the baby sea turtles to eat 2 A B C CAUSE AND EFFECT How do red lights help sea turtles People set up the red lights in a line and then the hatchlings follow the red lights from their nest to the beach The red lights emit less visible light which makes the beach darker This allows the hatchlings to follow the moonlight to the sca like they are supposed to do People set up red lights on the beach to help female sea turtles Identify the safest place to build their nest 3 FINDING DETAILS IN A TEXT When is the most dangerous time of a hawksbill sea turtle s life A B C D when the sea turtle eggs are buried in the sand when a female lays her eggs when a newly hatched sea turtle enters the sea and must learn to swim when a newly hatched sea turtle leaves its nest on the beach and travels to the sea

You have isolated novel symbiotic microbe and you suspect the membrane structure is different than other common bacteria The best microscopy approach for viewing a cross section of the membrane structure would be O Light O Scanning electron O Transmission electron O Fluorescence

Koch s postulates are Select one O A a guide that individuals should follow to prevent disease O B a guide for determining whether a particular microbe causes a disease OC absolute rules that individuals must follow to prevent disease O D absolute rules that must be followed to allow pure culture of a microbe

You want to use microscopy to see if a substance is an attractant to your bacterial isolate If the substance is an attractant you should see movement towards that substance Which microscopy tool would you use for this O Phase contrast O Fluorescence O Scanning electron O Bright field

Match the scientist with the discovery Discovered that a certain fungus exudes some substance that kills bacteria Calculated and developed the tree of life resulting in three Domains First to show the significance of disease in warfare and founded the field of medical statistics First person to see bacteria under the microscope Choose Florence Nightingale Carl Woese Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Alexander Fleming Choose Choose

Which stage of mitosis is shown in the image below

Part C Match the terms in Column A with the descriptions in Column B Write the letter of the correct answer on the line Column A spore 9 10 11 seed 12 vascular tissue 13 dicot 14 sori 15 humus 16 conifer 17 fruit 18 rhizoid 19 embryo 20 Aristotle gymnosperm Column B soil ingredient 21 All 22 Grass trees and cacti all reproduce by 23 Most of the plant matter in 24 A 25 Ferns and mosses reproduce by A B made up of tubes or vessels C contains a beginning plant and stored food D spore cases on fern frond E root like thread in moss F first classified plants and animals G a beginning plant H surrounds seeds of angiosperm I ARAL 1 Part D Write the word that completes each sentence major group of gymnosperms J nonflowering seed plant K what a seedless plant reproduces by has two cotyledons L plants have true roots leaves and stems is sphagnum moss such as a bean has two seed leaves

12 Why Adam Smith calls the market dominant system as paradoxical

17 Opportunity cost a is same for everyone b is the total amount given up when a person makes a choice c only includes monetary costs and benefits d is the value of the next best alternative that is given up when a choice is made