Biology Questions

At Resting Membrane Potential just inside the neuron s plasma membrane will be negative and contain more sodium than outside of the cell positive and contain more sodium than outside of the cell Opositive and contain less sodium than outside of the cell negative and contain less sodium than outside of the cell

Nerve fibers from the send signals to the brain about internal or external changes i e noises heard smells tastes etc O sympathetic division of the ANS O parasympathetic division of the ANS somatic nervous system sensory afferent division of the PNS

Select ALL of the following that are true regarding graded potentials They usually occur in axons They are short lived localized changes in the membrane potential Either depolarization or hyperpolarization can occur The stronger the stimulus the more the voltage changes and the farther the current flows

into the cranial nerves spinal cord midbrain telencephalon Question 36 2 points 1 Listen of the heural tube develops are a classification of neurotransmitters that are all widely used in the brain often playing important roles in emotional behaviors O Neuropeptides Biogenic amines

Movement of molecules and organelles occurs in both directions anterograde and retrograde They generate graded potentials They generate nerve impulses They have many rough ER and Golgi apparatus organelles as they are active in biosynthesis Question 26 2 points 4 Listen Satellite cells function is similar to Schwann cells O astrocytes oligodendrocytes

decreased oxygen use especially in the cerebral cortex decreased vital signs such as heart rate and blood pressure decreased activity of the brain especially the cerebral cortex temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for rapid eye movements and muscles required for breathing Question 14 1 5 points Listen Match the disease to its correct description Progressive and debilitative disorder resulting in the degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons of the substantia nigra which leads to uncontrollable firing of the target neurons Progressive and fatal hereditary disorder leading to the degeneration of basal nuclei and the cerebral cortex Progressive degenerative disease that results in 1 Alzheimer s disease 2 Huntington s disease 3 Parkinson s disease

4 Listen Select ALL of the following that are true regarding action potentials They occur in axons Either depolarization or hyperpolarization can occur They are brief long distance siis Unlike graded potentials they do not decay with distance

Hg that are functions of astrocytes support and brace neurons control the chemical environment around neurons provide the defense for the CNS help determine capillary permeability Question 28 2 points 4 Listen Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible True

Consciousness involves which of the following Select ALL that appl Having higher mental processing such as memory and logic Being able to perceive sensations Being able to voluntarily initiate and control movement The presence of theta waves on an EEG

and a contusion A concussion is more severe than a contusion A contusion is widespread brain trauma that causes a temporary disruption in brain function and is typically mild whereas a concussion is a localized bruising of the brain The two terms are interchangeable A concussion is widespread brain trauma that causes a temporary disruption in brain function and is typically mild whereas a contusion is a localized bruising of the brain Question 20 2 points 4 Listen is a hereditary disorder that results in the degeneration of the basal nuclei and later the cerebral cortex It is progressive and typically results in death within about 15 years of onset O Huntington s disease O Parkinson s disease O cerebellar disease

garding chemical synapses A neurotransmitter is released from the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron and received on the receptor region of the postsynaptic neuron The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled Cells with gap junctions use chemical synapses Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons terminals of cells Question 11 2 points 4 Listen Myelin is what makes gray matter look gray protects and electrically insulates axons increasing the speed that action potentials are transmitted protects axons and allows them to generate graded potentials quicker protects axons and contains many sodium channels increasing the speed that

the internal capsule substantia nigra red nucleus reticular formation of the dopamine releasing neurons of Question 18 2 points 4Listen Select ALL of the following that are true regarding strokes Many who survive a stroke experience paraplegia in which they are paralyzed on one side of their body 0 They occur when the blood supply to an area of the brain is blocked and brain ells die from ischemia They may be due to blockage of a blood vessel ischemic stroke or rupture of a blood vessel hemorrhagic stroke Some patients recover part of their lost functions because the surviving neurons

moves membrane potential away is short distance depolarization is short distance hyperpolarization opens K or Cl channels Question 9 2 points 4Listen Neurons are functionally connected by transfer between them synapses O myelin muscles which mediate info

Select ALL of the following that are true regarding They are more common than chemical synapses The neurons are joined by gap junctions They result in only unidirectional communication between the neurons They allow for very rapid communication between the neurons Question 8 2 points 4 Listen An excitatory postsynaptic potential O moves membrane potential away from threshold is short distance depolarization ir chort distance hyperpolarization

Suppose than an individual has taken a huge dose of dinitrophenol DNP an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation Below are possible avenues of ATP production from metabolism For each one choose YES if ATP can still be produced in this person choose NO if ATP cannot be produced in this person ATP normally produced from NADH produced from the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA Write your response here Substrate level phosphorylation in the citric acid cycle Write your response here FADH2 produced in the citric acid cycle Write your response here Substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis Write your response here

Does the citric acid cycle increase to the concentration of oxaloacetate in the cell Explain your reasoning How is oxaloacetate replenished and under what cellular conditions high low energy charge high low levels of acetyl CoA is this reaction favored

Insulin plays an essential role in regulating metabolism Insulin is released after a meal has been eaten It binds to its receptor on the surface of cells triggering a signal that ultimately leads to the movement of glucose transporters to the cell surface A The insulin receptor is a member of the tyrosine kinase family What is a kinase and what does it do B Insulin also inhibits expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase PEPCK an enzyme in gluconeogenesis What is the result of this and why does this regulation make physiological sense C In individuals with type 2 diabetes insulin fails to inhibit PEPCK How would this effect blood glucose levels Explain the rationale for your response Be sure to refer to glycolysis and or gluconeogenesis in your explanation

Which of the following conditions inhibit the activity of the PDH complex a Selected answer will be automatically saved For keyboard navigation press up down arrow keys to select an answer b Dephosphorylation of PDH high energy charge C Phosphorylation of PDH high energy charge d Phosphorylation of PDH low energy charge Pyruvate Dephosphorylation of PPH low energy charge NAD NADH H X CO PDH Complex acetyl CoA

Order the steps that lead to a change in the rate of the gluconeogenesis pathway Dragged and dropped options will be automatically saved For keyboard navigation SHOW MORE E PFK2 is phosphorylated E III E E Flux through gluconeogenesis increases The pancreas releases glucagon Fructose 1 6 bisphosphate is dephosphorylated

If a mutation occurred in which hexokinase lost its allosteric site for glucose 6 phosphate what would be the effect of this mutation on the pace of glycolysis in liver cells Selected answer will be automatically saved For keyboard navigation press up down arrow keys to select an answer a b the rate of glycolysis would increase a the rate of glycolysis would decrease the rate of glycolysis would not change Question 27 A recurring theme is that more energy is contained in a molecule that is Selected answer will be automatically saved For keyboard navigation press up down arrow keys to select an answer fully oxidized B

During graduate school I identified a mutation in a gene in fruit flies we named the gene sugar free frosting that encodes an enzyme called SAD kinase What type of reaction does this enzyme catalyze Selected answer will be automatically saved For keyboard navigation press up down arrow keys to select an answer a b C SAD kinase dephosphorylates its substrate SAD kinase phosphorylates its substrate SAD kinase s substrate and product are isomers of each other

What is the function of a thioester intermediate such as the one formed from Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate Selected answer will be automatically saved For keyboard navigation press up down arrow keys to select an answer a b C The thioester prevents the formation of metabolically unfavorable side products e The thioester shifts the equilibrium of the first stage of the reaction The thioester intermediate induces a conformational change that alters the enzyme specificity d It speeds up the actual reaction so that more product can be made The thioester allows the two step reaction to be coupled so the second reaction the energetically unfavorable phosphorylation can proceed

Which of the following correctly describes a strong oxidizing agent Selected answer will be automatically saved For keyboard navigation press up down arrow keys to select an answer a b C d ready to accept electrons negative reduction potential ready to donate electrons negative reduction potential ready to donate electrons positive reduction potential ready to accept electrons positive reduction potential

Which molecule is transported out of the mitochondria after the first step of gluconeogenesis Selected answer will be automatically saved For keyboard navigation press up down arrow keys to select an answer a b C malate fumarate oxaloacetate

Listen What do think a bird beak that is delicate thin and long would be best at eating other large animals seeds fruits insects Question 5 1 point Listen Bird beaks can be small medium or large How do think the weight of a beak compares to a jaw with teeth of similar cine2

Question 5 1 point Listen Bird beaks can be small medium or large How do think the weight of a beak compares to a jaw with teeth of similar size a beak is lighter than a jaw with teeth it depends on the size of the beak a beak is heavier than a jaw with teeth

What do you think a bird beak with a sharp hook at the end would be good for eating other animals fruits insects seeds Question 2 1 point Listen What do think the functions of a birds heak would be

Listen What do think the functions of a birds beak would be Opicking up food Opreening its feathers carrying nesting material acting as a defensive weapon it could be all of these Question 3 1 point Listen What do think a bird beak that is thick and cone shaped would be best at eatin

Name two systems that interact with the circulatory system and expand on the way they interact

Inside a Healthy Heart Heart Right Atrium Aorta Right Ventricle Left Atrium Septum Left Ventricle Valve Blood KidsHealth All rights reserved You have learned about the system shown below List one disease that affect this system and give a brief description of its symptoms

In sports that require high endurance the illegal practice of blood doping involves removing some blood cells from an athlete about two weeks before competition and storing them Just before the competition the blood cells are injected back into the athlete Explain how this would be an advantage to the athlete

Dr Owen meets a female patient who is feeling weak and has a fever She runs a blood test and notices that she has a high white blood cell count Describe the role of the red blood cell and why the patient is experiencing this condition

Current Attempt in Progr In the diagram shown below which cellular junction will prevent acidic stomach fluid from seeping into the connective tissue OA OB OC DE AL BO

Question 11 A A B A D B C A C E D E

Match each body function with the tissue type associated with that function Answer choice can be used more than once Muscle tissue Connective tissue Epithelial tissue Nervous tissue 1 2 3 4 This type of tissue forms glands that produce hormones This type of tissue is involved in the transport of oxygen throughout the organism This tissue helps to keep balance in the organism that is standing This tissue is responsible for filling empty spaces

In the diagram what would happen to the concentration of A O increases O decreases O no change H O B C

The body cavity of this female frog is filled with eggs They appear as dark or speckled structures You can also see the curly oviducts to the side of the eggs that appear larger in frogs that are reproducing 18 Label the eggs and oviducts

To view internal structures the frog is cut from the lower stomach and up toward the jaw The sides of the frog are pinned back to reveal the organs The most visible and largest organ of the body cavity is the liver which can be seen as three green ish lobes lying in the center Each lobe is named for its location from the frog s perspective The left anterior lobe is on the frog s left side Below it is the left posterior lobe There is a single right lobe on the frog s right side 8 Drag the colored circles to the correct lobe

Lying above the liver is the heart shown in yellow box which is a pink triangular structure The bottom area is the single ventricle and the top part consists of a left atrium and right atrium 9 Label the chambers of the heart right atrium ventricle left atrium Oxygenated blood Deurporated blood Ming of paygenated and deoxygenated bod Source Giphy

On this image the liver has been removed to show the spongy lungs that lie close to the heart Blood travels to the heart then to the lungs and then back to the heart before being pumped to the body 10 Drag the green arrows to indicate the left and right lung on either side of the heart Use the red arrow to indicate the ventricle of the heart And the blue arrow to show the atrium

In this image the stomach has been removed to show the folds on the inside called rugae Rugae allow for the expansion of the stomach for digestion The layer of the stomach on the inside called the mucosa which release enzymes to help digest food The lower end of the stomach where it connects to the small intestine has a circular valve 9 called the pyloric sphincter This valve opens and closes to allow partially digested food to enter the small intestine where digestion will continue 12 Label the rugae and pyloric sphincter valve rugae pyloric sphincter Bologycomer com Sometimes the remains of the frog s last meal are found in the stomach usually insects or worms Source Wxintedia Con mo05

ground Layout Theme Transition The small intestine is coiled in the body cavity and held together by a thin membrane called the mesentery This membrane contains tiny blood vessels that carry nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream Embedding in these coils is the spleen shown as a reddish sphere This organ is responsible for filtering the blood and replacing worn out blood cells 14 Label the structures on the diagram small intestine mesentery spleen stomach These are eggs so we know this frog is female

Use tweezers to lift the right lobe of the liver and reveal the sac like gallbladder that lies underneath it One of the many jobs of the liver is to produce bile This bile is stored in the gallbladder Also laying partially under the liver is the curved stomach which leads to the straight section of the small intestine called the duodenum Within the interior curve of the stomach is the pancreas which is a gland It appears stringy or web like in the preserved frog 11 Label the underlined structures on the image

Background Layout Theme Transition On this frog you can see the large intestine and small intestine and the reddish spleen embedded in the mesentery To the right of the spleen is a cream colored organ that sits on top of the kidney This is the testis and it is only found in male frogs There is another one that sits on the left side kidney not visible in this image Singular Testis Plural Testes 2 16 Label each of the underlined structures large intestine small intestine kidney spleen testis

ackground Layout Theme Transition In this view the stomach has been pushed up to reveal the small and large intestine Recall that at the stomach leads to the duodenum The duodenum leads to a curly portion of the small intestine Near the lower end of the abdomen the small intestine widens and becomes the large intestine also known as the colon 13 Label the small and large intestine small intestine large intestine Stomach

Removing most of the digestive system and other internal organs a pair of flattened reddish organs can be seen lying alongside the spine These are the kidneys Kidneys filter waste from the blood and transport urine to the urinary bladder In this frog it looks like a deflated balloon Urine will then pass out of the frog through the cloaca 15 Label the structures on the diagram kidney bladder

19 The image shows the female reproductive system Identify each of the following by letter Urinary Bladder Cloaca Eggs Kidney Oviducts A 8 Livingstone BIODIDAC E D Juy 99

This is a female frog without eggs You cannot see testes near the kidney but you can see a small curly structure along the outside of the kidney This is the oviduct Eggs produced by the ovaries travel through the oviduct This frog also has a lot of fat bodies These are the orange structures being pushed aside Most frogs have fat bodies but underfed frogs may not have noticeable ones 17 Label the fat bodies oviducts and kidney kidney oviduct fat bodies

ne Transition reveal several e tongue is the mouth It is capture prey visible as ted teeth omerine maxillary teeth use tel wing objects the outside of the teeth will also derlined mage nostrils vomerine teeth tongue

20 Now that you have learned all the major structures Practice labeling the frog You may need to refer back to previous slides esophagus large intestine heart liver urinary bladder duodenum pancreas gallbladder pyloric valve stomach small intestine spleen fat bodies CIFFTIO Guy Go wa Congale