Biology Questions

tic condition where people are born without the usual pigment in their bodies due to the inability to create a normal amount of melanin So most people with albinism have very pale skin hair and eyes In other words multiple traits are affected by a single gene Sometimes genes are not expressed because of interactions between the products of genes In a metabolic pathway all the enzymes required for the metabolic pathway must be expressed to create the final product A genotype that eliminates the expression of even one gene for an enzyme in the pathway affects all the others In sea turtles sex is determined not by chromosomes but instead by the temperature of the nest during development Research shows that if a turtle s eggs incubate below 27 7 degrees C the turtle hatchlings will be male If the eggs incubate above 31 degrees C however the hatchlings will be female Temperatures that fluctuate between the two extremes will produce a mix of male and female baby turtles incomplete dominance epistasis environmental factors

Use the picture above as an example of four possible fur color types in this breed of dog from left to right black solid brown piebald black piebald brown solid A breeder of the dogs makes the following observations of possible outcomes of crosses black solid x black solid can produce all the phenotypes brown solid x brown solid can produce brown solid or brown piebald black piebald x black piebald can produce black piebald or brown piebald brown piebald x brown piebald can produce brown piebald Select all of the following that are true of this genetic scenario In a litter of puppies with all four color types the probability of producing piebald is 1 4 In a litter of puppies with all four color types the probability of producing a black piebald is 3 16 Brown is dominant to black Piebald is recessive to solid There are two genes with two alleles described here

Select all that correctly apply to the human pedigree shown below Individual 2 is heterozygous The pedigree represents dominant inheritance Individual 3 is heterozygous The pedigree represents recessive inheritance The pedigree represents x linked recessive inheritance

Human skin color comes in continuous gradient of variety Multiple genes are involved in determining the skin color phenotype Each gene has an additive effect with the presence of more dominant alleles in the genotype producing darker skin pigmentation In dogs when poodles with curly hair are crossed to labradors with straight hair the offspring have wavy hair These heterzygous offspring can be bred together to produce offspring with straight wavy or curly hair In chickens a rooster with black feathers is crossed to a hen with white feathers All the offspring have a mottled appearance of both black and white feathers Albinism is a genetic condition where people are born without the usual pigment in their bodies due to the inability to create a normal amount of melanin So most people with albinism have very pale skin hair and eyes In epistasis multiple alleles incomplete dominance incomplete dominance

Select all of the following that are true of Mendel s monohybrid cross The genotypic ratio of the F2 generation is 1 2 1 The phenotypic ratio and genotypic ratio match For each trait an individual has two factors but only one of those factors is passed on The parental generation is homozygous The results of the F1 generation falsify the blending theory of inheritance

4 Listen What structure is labeled as 5 2 3 Spine Coracoid process Supraspinous fossa Glenoid cavity fossa Acromion Infraspinous fossa 5 6 8 9 10

Listen What structure is labeled as 2 2 3 Ischial spine Acetabulum Ischial tuberosity Obturator foramen Iliac crest Iliac spine 4 5

4 2 3 O Provide strength and resistance in multiple directions along lines of stress Cushions opposing ends of bones during movement and stress Is a solid structure that has great strength and resistance in mostly one direction Am

What structure is labeled as 2 1 2 9 2 Fibula Humerus Scapula Radius Patella Ischium Tibia Ilium Clavicle Ulna Pubis 3 5 Y 7 11 10 4 8 12

Watermelons may be either plain green or striped in color the fruit may be either long or round in shape A watermelon plant of a homozygous long green variety was crossed with one of a homozygous round striped variety The F1 plants all bore round green melons Answer the following questions by filling in the blanks with the correct number Use only numeric digits such as 1 2 3 etc Fractions should be written like 3 5 Ratios should be written as 7 7 or 7 7 7 7 Answers not in these formats will be marked wrong a How many genotypes are possible in the F2 generation 4 b What fraction of the F2 generation would be long and green 0 c In the F2 generation what is the ratio of green to striped melons 10 4 d In the F2 generation what is the ratio of round to long melons 12 4 e What is the probability of an F2 individual being round 12 16 fraction

What structure is labeled as 17 1 2 Floating rib Sternum False rib True rib 3 4 56 Page 46 of 50

Listen What structure is labeled as 4 2 3 4 Pedicle Vertebral arch Vertebral foramen Spinous process Body Facet Transverse process 5 6 7 Page 45 of 50

What structure is labeled as 37 12 1 2 6 2 8 O Osteocyte in lacuna Spongy bone Lamella Osteon Periosteum Central Harversian canal Perforating Volkmanns canals Canaliculi 5

Where is this type of tissue found located 3 5 2 Kidney tubules ducts and secretory portions of small glands Trachea upper respiratory tract Largest ducts of sweat glands mammary glands O Under epithelia Moist linings of the esophagus mouth and vagina Kidney glomeruli air sacs of the lungs Small amounts in male urethra Lines the ureters urinary bladder O Most of the digestive tract gallbladder O Palms of hands sole of feet 1 6 4

Match each part of the graph to its label on the following image E Solubility g per 100g of water 1 1 i Solubility g per 100g of water 40 39 38 35 34 33 VA VB VC VD VE C 0 10 20 30 A D 40 60 Temperature C 50 70 80 90 100 A data B title C y axis dependent variable D x axis independent variab E trend line

What is the causative agent What does the image show Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt Paragraph BIU AT V The causative agent is C albicans with strawberry type cervix frothy discharge i V

5 9 Question 8 1 point Listen Which stage of cell division is shown in the picture IN N Metaphase I Prophase Metaphase Metaphase 2

2 The following results were obtained from a disk diffusion test against a bacterium Antibiotic A B C D Zone of Inhibition mm 6 18 11 18 Which drug should be used to treat an infection caused by this bacterium Briefly explain

Test Calcium Phosphorus Alkaline phosphatase Total protein Albumin Vitamin B12 Folate the Schilling Xylose test Urine on Admission Albumin Glucose Blood RBC Result 15 065 210 50 28 100 221 42 43 5 excreted 1354 trace negative positive a Iron deficiency anemia b Vitamin B12 and Folate results c Urinary blood loss Reference Interval 21 2 62 mmol L 08 1 45 mmol 1 d Schilling test results 115 UL 6045 L 35 55 L The blood smear indicated macrcoytic red blood cells Which tests support the smear evaluation 166 738 pmd 1 475 2220 L 1 absorption 334 Brindh negative negative negative negative

Why do you think it took longer for the UV radiation to effect PA SM growth compared to SA SE growth

3 2 1 5 8 6 Cells from which area are collected for a pap smear 2 cervix 1 vaginal canal 2 uterus 1 cervix 8 endometrium

According to the graph below organisms classified as psychrotrophs Rate of growth Psychrotrophs Psychrophiles 10 0 10 Mesophiles 20 O All of the above 30 40 Thermophiles 50 60 70 Temperature C have an optimum growth temperature of about 30C O have a minimum growth temperature of OC O have a maximum growth temperature of 37C are able to cause diseases in humans Hyperthermophiles 80 90 100 110

Listen KATADYN High pressure True False High pressure Flow of seawater Hollow fibers of semipermeable membrane Water molecule Solute particles Pure water to collector Using the image above answer TRUE or FALSE regarding the statement below The picture above is a desalination process called reverse osmosis where semipermeable membranes force solutes out of the solution allowing pure water to pass through the membrane

6 Below are pictures of meiosis label them accordingly d S b Bp XX S J

DP Logan has just discovered the protein adamantiumase which has the hydrophobic signal sequences shown in the top image Below that I ve drawn four possible arrangements of this protein in the ER membrane The C and N termini are labelled for each protein as are the cytosolic and ER lumen sides of the membrane Which protein orientation is correct N term Cytosol ER membrane ER lumen option 1 option 3 option 2 option 1 N N q option 2 C term AM N option 3 option 4 N

What type of muscle action for an activated 1 joint muscle is occurring slow and in the middle from A to B at the left elbow Concentric None of the included answers is correct Pronation Eccentric Isometric

felon 1 O S1 O S2 4 The image above is a result of DNA finger printing test comparing samples found on the crime scene felon to suspect samples S1 S2 S3 which of the suspects is the likely culprit 52 S 3

The table below shows the crude and age adjusted rates for Mortality from Accidental Poisonings between two populations Population A Population B Crude Rate per 10 000 Adjusted Rate per 10 000 35 49 25 35 Which of the following is the best response Oa More information is needed to make an interpretation Ob The comparison of the adjusted rates was confounded by age Oc The comparison of the crude rates was confounded by age d The comparison of the crude rates was not confounded by age

Where does pyruvate oxidation take place Be very specific 2 points In prokaryotic cells In eukaryotic cells D Step 3 Krebs Cycle In the Krebs Cycle 2 acetyl CoA carrying four of the carbons that were originally in glucose are oxidized into CO2 Fill in the blanks with the PRODUCTS of Krebs Cycle 2 5 points 2 acetyl CoA 2 carbons 6 H Where does Krebs cycle take place Be very specific 2 5 points In prokaryotic cells In eukaryotic cells

The figure below shows a typical bacterial growth curve with the y axis indicating the log of the number of bacteria per ml and the x axis indicating time in culture Which section or sections shows a growth phase where the number of cells dividing by binary fission is higher than the number of cells dying Log CFU ml OB OA OD B and D B Time C D

Part 1 Aerobic Respiration A Net equation of cellular aerobic respiration in prokaryotic cells vs eukaryotic cells Make sure to write the number of molecules that react For example 6 02 6 points In prokaryotes Glucose In eukaryotes Glucose enzymes enzymes

2 of 3 The Mechanism BioFlix tutorial Meiosis I Meiosis II

Prokaryotes Bacteria DAY 1 08 23 PROGRESS 45 Archaea common ancestor Eukaryotes Plantae Animalia Protista 000 Fungi

During the 1940s Lebanon became its own nation when it received its independence from whom A Great Britain B France C United States D Germany

View Available Hint s heredity only DNA replication crossing over FIIx tutorial metaphase I anaphase I genetic variation only metaphase II anaphase II both fertilization Reset 4 of 7 Help

Meiosis 2 of 3 The Mechanism BioFlix tutorial O qu Meiosis CA Meiosis II

locus gametes chromatin traits genes genome chromosomes encode heritable characteristics called are made of each have a DNA are organized on when complexed with protein is called cach contain a molecule of that specifies its position on are located in nucleus is the building material of together constitute the cell s nuclear are passed on to the next generation in

I UNTANGLED THOUGHTS As you learn how to gather information from various sources answer the following questions by carefully observing the pictures below Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper I III byjus com blog concept of species Concept of Species Species are often defined as a group of individuals with similar characteristics where they can interbreed to produce fertile offsprings To differentiate between different types of living organisms species is used as the principal natural cautin biology CONCEPT OF SPECIES Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Homo sapiens Members of the genus Homo with a hightforehead and thin skull bones Homo Hominids with upright posture and large brains Hominids Primates with relatively fat faces and three dimensional vision Primates Mammals with collar bones and grasping fingers Mammals Chordates with fur or hair and milk glands Chordates Animals with a backbone Animals Organisms able to move on their own IV II caurtingkaalaman TVPatrol ABSCBNNews Fernandina Giant Tortoise ang inakalang extinct na species ng tortoise Kaunting Kaalaman THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES AUT EXTINCT TORTOISE BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION PRESENTATION OF FAVOURI BACES IN THE STROOILE FOR LIFE By CHARLES DARWIN MA FELLOL LONDON JOBS MURRAY ALBENARLE STREET V Extinct Animals An Encyclopedia of Species that Have Disappeared during Human History 1 A primary source is anything that gives you direct evidence about the people events or phenomena that you are researching Which of the following is are considered primary source s B III and IV C I and V D IV only A I and II 2 References such as internet articles documentaries posters and encyclopedias that describe interpret evaluate or analyze information from primary sources are what we consider C general sources D tertiary sources A primary sources B secondary sources 3 means putting ideas and findings from multiple sources together in order to make an overall and new idea A Synthesizing B Summarizing C Inferencing D Outlining 4 One of the sources above synthesizes one general idea Which is it A The Concept of a Specie and Its Classifications B The Taxonomy C The Advantage of High Biodiversity D Activities that Community Engage in Conserving Endangered Species 5 Which is true about synthesizing A integrating and retelling multiple details B integrating multiple details from multiple texts to generate bigger thought C integrating multiple details and generating bigger thought D putting ideas from various sources together to produce new idea

homologous chromosomes sister chromatids non homologous chromosomes nonsister chromatids centromere O OND chromosome replication prior to mitosis chromosome replication prior to meiosis Prophase of mitosis Ulo JO Prophase I of meiosis b III

fertilization mitosis meiosis zygote sperm egg 2n n Group 2 Group 3 Group 2 Group 2 Group 2 Group 2 maternal parent Group 1 Group 1 female multicellular organism Group 1 paternal parent Group 1 b Group 3 Group 3 Group 3 Group 2 Group 3 Group 2

The graph below represents the mortality rate of offspring from marriages registered in 1903 1907 in Italian populations The data indicate that the offspring of related individuals have higher mortality rates What is the likely cause for this inbreeding depression 30 Offspring mortality prior to age 21 25 20 20 2 22 7 27 8 28 9 First Not Second 1 2 related cousins cousins cousins Degree of relatedness of parents O a Inbred individuals are more likely than other individuals to be homozygous for deleterious recessive alleles O b Italian populations are more likely than other populations to have genetic diseases O c Italians are more likely to mate with other Italians than with individuals of other nationalities Od The offspring of close relatives are born at a larger size than other offspring Oe Close relatives are more likely to neglect their children

a classical C2b Microbe 03a C1 C4 C2a C4b C4a 8 Antigen Antibody

Font C2b C2 Complement System Activation a classical b alternative Microbe C3a C1 C4 Antigen Antibody C2a C4b C4a Cat Paragraph inflammation cytolysis opsonization C3a Microbe Microbe 51 Lipid carbohydrate complex Factors C3b inflammation cytolysis opsonization Drawing n 157 c lectin 62 Microbe 141 C2b 62a C4b C3 C3b Editing C4a Carbohydrate containing mannose Mannose binding lectin MBL inflammation cytolysis opsonization Voic

In the image below panel A shows the distribution of beak sizes in populations of two finch species that each live on different islands Panel B shows the distribution of beak sizes for populations of the same two species that both live on the same island What nost likely accounts for the greater divergence in beak sizes in sympatric finch species panel B A fuligines 0 40 0 30 0 20 0 10 2 fuliginoss G fortis Los Hermanos fortis Daphine Major 4 3 6 Bill depth mm 7 B G fuliginona 0 40 0 30 0 20 0 10 faliginosa G fortis fortis 2345 6 Bill depth mm Santa Cruz a interspecific competition based on limited resources among the population in panel B b increased strength of genetic drift experienced by populations in panel B C absence of phenotypic variance Vp within each species shown in panel A of

or Salamander w that live in a particular geographic region Over time a geographic barrier forms dividing the salamanders into two populations that split into two species w x Eventually more geographic barriers finally resulting in the formation of 4 separate species of salamanders w x y and z Which one of the phylogenetic trees best describes the relationships between these salamander species assuming that the structure of the phylogeny mirrors the order that geographic barriers form W Time a Tree A Ob Tree B W y A W Z X W wx X y Time W B Z W X y z Z W X C y

The phylogenetic tree at right with the root at the left represents the current best understanding of relationships among the human immunodeficiency viruses HIV that cause AIDS and simian immunodeficiency viruses SIV in other primates HIV includes two major groups of viruses HIV 1 the cause of the AIDS epidemic and HIV 2 each of which includes several groups or subtypes The primate hosts of each viral strain are indicated Which of the following statements is best supported by this phylogeny HIV 1 human HIV 1 human SIV chimpanzee SIV chimpanzee SIV chimpanzee HIV 1 human HIV I human SIV chimpanzee SIV L Hoest s monkey SIV sun tailed monkey SIV mandrill SIV vervet monkey SIV grivet monkey SIV tantalus monkey HIV 2 human HIV 2 human Low SIV sooty mangabey SIV sooty mangabey SIV Sykes s monkey O a HIV 1 in humans was derived at least twice from SIV in chimanzees O b HIV 1 and HIV 2 evolved from one common ancestral virus strain that was acquired by humans from one species of monkey c The HIV viruses are more closely related to each other than to the SIV viruses

This figure shows the relationship between the values of a phenotypic trait of parents and their offspring The x axis is the midparent value for the trait the average between the parents for the trait while the y axis is the value for the trait in the offspring The slope of a graph such can be used to determine the pring H d part un vals Oa Fitness O b Reproductive value OC Heritability O d Selection coefficient Oe Phenotypic ratio 24

Use the figure below to answer the following question Note that 0 represents the original character state within this lineage Which macroevolutionary pattern and explanation of why it is that pattern is shown in the figure below Time 0 Decreases Increases Character state Active trend because the mean value for the character state has changed Active trend because all lineages are similar or less than the original character state value Passive trend because the mean value for the character state decreased Passive trend because although the mean value for the character state value decreased some line

F O F G H Ob H I OCG H I O d F G H LJ OeAnswers a and b are both monophy GH I J K

You ve been researching a small population of mice that appear to have a Mendelian trait with respect to the color of their fur The dominant allele A1 confers dark fur while the recessive allele A2 results in light fur You round up a very large group of biology students who want extra credit to help you catch genotype and release 1300 mice You have the following genotype chart A1A1 435 A1A2 165 A2A2 700 There are not very many heterozygotes and you suspect that there may be some kind of selection acting against them for some reason The null hypothesis is that there is no selection on this trait and the population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium with respect to fur color Your first step is to find the allele frequencies To the nearest two decimal places what is the allele frequency for the A1 allele