Biology Questions

access to higher education changes in the curriculum the recruitment of more professors of color and the creation of ethnic studies programs These programs were the beginning of multicultural cur riculum reform in higher education From their origins in California eth nic studies programs and departments have survived and proliferated through out the United States After serious cut backs during the budgetary crises of the 1970s and 1980s they are back bigger and stronger than ever Ethnic studies programs have been revitalized reor ganized and reconceptualized Indeed they are increasingly becoming institu tionalized The field of ethnic studies has produced a prodigious amount of new scholarship much of which is good and innovative However as is true in all dis ciplines some of the work is weak The perspectives of ethnic studies are intend ed not only to increase our knowledge base but eventually to transform the dis ciplines Their influence is being widely felt and hotly debated Today there are more than 700 eth nic studies programs and departments in the United States They are represent ed by five established professional associ ations the National Council of Black Studies the National Association of Chi cano Studies the Asian American Studies Association the American Indian Studies Association and the National Association of Ethnic Studies The Association of Puerto Rican Studies was formed in 1992 A disproportionate number of ethnic studies programs are located in public colleges and universities because these institutions are more susceptible to pub riuata cohools cific programs 3 The Department of American Eth nic Studies at the University of Wash ington Seattle was created in 1985 by bringing together programs in African American Asian American and Chicano studies 4 The Center for Studies of Ethnicity and Race in America at the University of Colorado Boulder was created in 1987 by consolidating existing programs in black studies and Chicano studies and adding new programs in Asian American and American Indian studies Aside from the West Bowling Green State University in Ohio has one of the oldest ethnic studies departments which was founded in 1979 During the decades in which ethnic studies programs were established and grew strong American society under went dramatic changes that continue to this day The civil rights movement might have removed the last vestiges of legal apartheid in the United States However other ways have been invented to deny equal opportunity to the historically mar ginalized communities of color In the 25 years since the issuance of the Kerner Commission Report which spoke of two Americas one rich one poor one white one black the gulf that divides the nation has grown wider than ever Today 1 of the population of the U S has gained control of more of the na tion s wealth than the bottom 90 This situation parallels the stark and painful inequality in much of the Third World Significant demographic changes have also taken place in the United States in the last 25 years Since 1965 when U S immigration laws eliminated the national origins quotas that favored Europeans Page 3 of 6 coming colored and increasingly more terns the U S population is rapidly be diverse language music art literature and other in race ethnicity religion cultural expressions In fact with more than half of its population already high ly diversified California provides a glimpse of the nation s future It will be an oxymoronic majority minority state by 2050 The relatively high birthrate of minority Americans as well as their low er age distribution will mean that ever increasing numbers of people of color will fill our classrooms and enter our work force In order to bring about a truly pluralis tic democracy our education system at all levels not only must reflect the nation s diversity in its student body faculty and curriculum but also must seek to achieve comparable educational outcomes for all groups in society The education reforms known collectively as multiculturalism one example of which is the integra tion of ethnic studies into the college cur riculum I have as major goals the es tablishment of democratic pluralism and the achievement of educational equity THE NATURE OF ETHNIC STUDIES What is ethnic studies First the field is distinct from global or internation al studies particularly those program known generally as area studies wit which ethnic studies is often compare and confused Area studies program arose out of American imperialism in the Third World and bear names such a African studies Asian studies and Lat in American studies These programm were designed to focus on U S Thir World relations and to train specialist

What is the eventual fate of Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate in the Calvin s cycle It fixes carbon dioxide to form 3 phosphoglycerate It is recycled to form Ribulose 1 5 bisphosphate RuBP a 5 carbon compound It is used to form sugars usually glucose by linking to 3 carbon G3P to form a six carbon sugar C6H12O6 forming the final product of photosynthesis Two of these are correct All of these are correct

The figure shows three spirometry test results The far left graph is A normal Based on the size shape and approximate vital capacity flow volum C this patient shows Flow volume loop comparison Flow Volume Multiple Choice A B C pneumonia nothing These values are normal Orestriction obstruction

Which of the following may cause restrictive lung disorder Multiple Choice bronchitis smoking asthma lung fibrosis

A patient who has a low FEV1 and a low FEF25 75 in a spirometry test should be diagnosed with Multiple Choice pneumonia restriction obstruction nothing These values are normal

Which of the following is a correct path of air through the respiratory tract Select all that apply Check All That Apply nose to pharynx to larynx to trachea nose to larynx to pharynx to trachea trachea to main bronchi to bronchioles to terminal bronchioles trachea to main bronchi to respiratory bronchioles to terminal bronchioles terminal bronchioles to respiratory bronchioles to alveolar duct

If someone can exhale forcefully for a short moment and then produces a weak stream of air with lots of wheezing the Multiple Choice FEF25 75 will be high FVC will be below normal FEV1 will be high FEF25 75 will be low

How do we calculate the vital capacity Multiple Choice Add expiratory and inspiratory reserve volume and the tidal volume Subtract tidal volume from the sum of expiratory and inspiratory reserve volume Divide tidal volume by total lung volume Add expiratory and inspiratory reserve volume

Which of the statements correctly describes the vital capacity Multiple Choice The amount of air a person can exhale All the air that can be exhaled after a full inhalation All the air that can be inhaled on top of the normal breathing The total volume of air that is inside a person s lung

orax oc whe air gets to the pleural cavity of the following uld you expect to this happens all that apply Check All That Apply intrapleural pressure would decrease intrapleural pressure would increase the lungs would expand slightly the lungs would deflate collapse

With COPD there is a decreased air flow from the lungs This could be caused by which of the following reasons Select all that apply Check All That Apply inflammation of major and small airways destruction of the walls between your lungs air sacs weakening of the respiratory muscles excessive mucus production

Multiple Choice expiratory reserve volume tidal volume inspiratory reserve volume respiratory volume tidal volume O inspiratory reserve volume expiratory volume O inspiratory reserve volume tidal volume expiratory reserve volume tidal volume Prev 4 of 30 Next

Besides oxygen exchange the respiratory system also functions to eliminate Click to select Too much of this gas can cause a r compromising homeostasis Click to select in blood pH no change decrease increase

Q6 2 The rate of plant growth on an island near Isle Royale is such that the carrying capacity of moose on the island is 500 Currently there are 500 moose present The environment is stable and free of wolves One day 200 additional moose arrive on the island What is the expected number of moose on the island 30 years later assuming conditions do not change 536 moose

5 No Child Left Behind was enacted to improve school performance standards and accountability What other component was a part of the improvements desired in No Child Left Behind 1 2 a Transportation b School choice c Funding d Diversity

Which of the following represents a weakness in using GDP to gauge America s economic health

All of the following increase genetic variation EXCEPT Multiple Choice O mutation random fertilization mitosis independent assortment crossing over

You are comparing the events of meiosis I in cells from several different organisms You come across one species in which you do hot is Multiple Choice the chromosome pairs will not assort independently chiasmata will form during meiosis I kinetochores of sister chromatids do not fuse there is no crossing over between non sister chromatids

The Rec8 protein holds sister chromatids together during meiosis If an individual has a mutation that prevents degradation of Rec8 this would most likely prevent Multiple Choice normal segregation during meiosis L normal segregation during meiosis L synapsis of homologous chromosomes crossing over during prophase L

At the end of meiosis II each of the four resulting cells contains Multiple Choice two full sets of chromosomes each with 2 molecules of DNA one full set of chromosomes each with 1 molecule of DNA one full set of chromosomes each with 2 molecules of DNA two full sets of chromosomes each with 1 molecule of DNA

Which statement about the reductive division of meiosis is false Multiple Choice During the reductive division sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles of the cell During the reductive division centromeres do not divide At the end of the reductive division each daughter nucleus has one half as many centromeres as the parental nucle During the reductive division homologues migrate to opposite poles of the cell

A geneticist examines a somatic cell from a fly during metaphase of mitosis and determines that 16 chromatids are present If a germ line cell from this the end of meiosis including the first cytokinesis each cell will contain Multiple Choice 4 chromosomes with 8 DNA molecules 8 chromosomes with 16 DNA molecules 8 chromosomes with 8 DNA molecules 4 chromosomes with 4 DNA molecules

The point of connection between two sister chromatids before anaphase II of meiosis separates them is called the Multiple Choice centromere spindle apparatus centrosome kinetochore

Multiple Choice Homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell Synapsis of homologous chromosomes Pairs of homologous chromosomes align along the equatorial plate Sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell Chromosomes decondense

The pairing of homologous chromosomes is called Multiple Choice independent assortment alignment synapsis syngamy crossing over

Multiple Choice one full haploid complement of chromosomes chromosomes identical to those of a sperm cell two copies of each chromosome one copy of each chromosome chromosomes identical to those of an egg cell

Compared to asexual reproduction the main advantage of sexual reproduction is that it Multiple Choice can produce more complex offspring requires less energy increases the genetic diversity of the offspring can produce a greater number of offspring

You are studying meiosis in an organism where 2n 28 How many chromosomes will be present in each cell after meiosis I is complete but before meiosis I begins Multiple Choice 56

Chromosomes exchange genetic information by Multiple Choice crossing over fertilization DNA replication mitosis

Diploid organisms use meiosis to produce haploid cells Meiosis consists of how many rounds of nuclear division Multiple Choice One Two Three Four None of these

There are two molecules in the image to the right purple circles and blue blobs The purple circle is being moved via active transport What is this type of active transport called and since active transport requires energy where does the energy to move the purple circle come from Complete sentence s please 1 pt ve

Which of the following have been linked to climate change Extreme weather patterns Rising sea levels All of the answer choices listed are correct Droughts

The following equation describes C6H12O6 602 6CO2 6H2O energy ATP heat photosynthesis fermentation glycolysis cellular respiration

The primary cause of recent global warming is believed to be the increased burning of fossil fuels chemical reactions in the atmosphere that are driven by solar heat plastic pollution in the ocean the depletion of the ozone layer

The primary cause of recent global warming is believed to be plastic pollution in the ocean chemical reactions in the atmosphere that are driven by solar heat the depletion of the ozone layer the increased burning of fossil fuels

The Greenhouse Effect results in the decrease in the surface temperature on Earth lower average ocean temperatures an oxygen shortage the rise in surface temperatures on Earth

How much more acidic are our oceans today than at the beginning of the industrial era 20 more acidic today 5 more acidic today No change More than 26 more acidic

How do the carbon dioxide molecules contribute to global warming They absorb infrared radiation emitted from the Earth and redistribute it in different directions over the Earth s surface Carbon dioxide naturally emits heat energy The large number of carbon dioxide molecules in the atmosphere creates a layer surrounding Earth They react with other greenhouse gases to cause an exothermic reaction generating heat

is a change in atmospheric conditions over minutes to days whereas is the average of conditions over decades Global cooling global warming Storm formation hurricane formation Climate weather Weather climate

6 What is the molecular weight of the large subunit of RuB A 14000 Daltons B 55000 Daltons C 37 kDa D 50 kDa 7 Which type of buffer is used during the elution step in ion exchange chromatography to displace proteins from the beads A High pH buffer B Low salt buffer C High salt buffer D Organic solvent 8 What is the purpose of heating samples with sample buffer before protein electrophoresis A To precipitate the proteins B To renature the proteins C To denature the proteins and reduce disulfide bonds D To sterilize the samples True False Questions 1 RuBisCO is an efficient enzyme with high CO2 fixation rates True False Secondary structure of proteins involves hydrogen bonding between polypeptide chains True False 2 In ion exchange chromatography the stationary phase is typically nonpolar True False 3 Proteins can be separated based on their solubility differences using ammonium sulfate precipitation True False Calculation Questions 1 If you have a protein solution of 100 mL how much ammonium sulfate in gram is needed to reach a saturation point of 37 given that the required amount is 210 g L 2 For a 50 saturation of ammonium sulfate how many grams would be neede per liter

6 What is the molecular weight of the large subunit of RuBisCO A 14000 Daltons B 55000 Daltons C 37 kDa D 50 kDa 7 Which type of buffer is used during the elution step in ion exchange chromatography to displace proteins from the beads A High pH buffer B Low salt buffer C High salt buffer D Organic solvent 8 What is the purpose of heating samples with sample buffer before protein electrophoresis A To precipitate the proteins B To renature the proteins C To denature the proteins and reduce disulfide bonds D To sterilize the samples

5 Which factor is NOT used to distinguish two different proteins in purificatio processes A Enzymatic activity B Molecular weight C Solubility D Charge

Calculation Qu 1 If you have a protein solution of 100 mL how much ammonium is needed to reach a saturation point of 37 given that the required amount is 210 g L 2 For a 50 saturation of ammonium sulfate how many grams would be needed per liter

D Protein synthes 2 During ion exchange chromatography why are proteins with different charges separated A Polarity B Ionic strength C Molecular weight D Hydrophobic interactions ofor to

1 What is the primary function of Ribulose 1 5 bisphosphate carboxylase oxy RuBisCO in plants A DNA replication B Lipid metabolism C Photosynthesis

Listen Select all of the following that are true based on the figure below 100 Male frequency 50 50 O 18 20 22 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 Incubator temperature C Eggs incubated at low temps produce males There is a 50 50 chance that either a male or female turtle will be born at 18 or 34 C High temperatures produce female turtles There is a chance either a male or female can be born between 28 30 C Nest temperature does not determine sex Eggs incubated at lower temps produce females

Select all of the ways in which paedomorphosis affects the Common mud puppy salamander Necturus maculosus Remains aquatic Primarily breathes through lungs Gill retention Juvenile features in mature stages Can go from aquatic terrstrial

AOTD How do tree hole frogs adjust their calls within tree holes By adjusting the pitch of their calls By changing their physical appearance By changing their body temperature By increasing their vocal sac size

Figure 24 13 Urinary system a sagittal section through the male pelvis model b sagittal section through the female pelvis model 2 3 5

male pelvis model b sagittal section through the female pelvis model Lab Exercise 24 Lab Activities a 10