Animal Kingdom Questions and Answers

Birds have key adaptations that reduce body and power 1. Birds (Aves) appeared in the Jurassic period as descendants of carnivorous, bipedal dinosaurs. They are members of the archosaurs. Powered flight gave birds access to new adaptive zones, setting the stage for their astounding evolutionary success 2. The skeletons of birds are both lightweight and strong. Most birds have adaptations, such as hollow limb bones with small supporting struts. The bones associated with 3. 4. Like the skeleton, soft internal organs are modified in ways that reduce weight. Most birds lack a urinary bladder; uric acid paste is eliminated with digestive wastes. 5. All birds also possess which are sturdy, lightweight structures derived from scales in the skin of their ancestors. are generally large. The forelimb and forefoot are elongated, forming the structural support for the wing. Not all birds are strong fliers, like ostriches. 6. Other adaptations allow birds to harness the energy needed to power their flight muscles. Their metabolic rates are eight to ten times higher than those of reptiles. They have an efficient respiratory system and four-chambered heart to distribute oxygen.

Lophotrochozoan Protostomes These are bilaterally symmetrical with digestive and sensory organs. Three small groups of aquatic coelomate animals possess a lophophore. They have a U-shaped lophophore with ciliated tentacles surrounding the mouth Phylum Platyhelminthes are flatworms with digestive, excretory, nervous, and reproductive systems, but that lack a Phylum Nemertea are ribbon worms with a proboscis that is used to capture food Phylum Mollusca include eight classes of animals with muscular feet and a mantle that secretes a shell and/or aids in

Agnathans: Hagfishes and Lampreys, Conodonts and Ostracoderms A. Lacking into their mouths. B. Hagfishes and lampreys are the living descendants of ancient agnathan lineages. 1. Two lineages of jawless vertebrates, hagfishes (Myxinoidea) and lampreys (Petromyzontoidea), still live today. Both have skeletons composed entirely of cartilage. They have a well-developed notochord, but no true vertebrae or paired fins 2. The axial skeleton of the 60 living species of hagfishes includes only a cranium and a notochord. Hagfishes are marine scavengers that burrow in sediments on continental shelves. Hagfish life cycles are simple and lack a larval stage. 3. The 40 or so living species of lampreys have a more derived axial skeleton. Their notochord is surrounded by dorsally pointing cartilages that partially cover the nerve cord. Most are parasitic as adults. Sexually mature adults migrate to the headwaters of a stream, where they reproduce and then die. Their suspension-feeding larvae resemble adult cephalochordates. most of the earliest vertebrates used a pharynx to suck food

Key Innovations in Animal Evolution Early biologists used morphology to study evolutionary trends in major animal groups. Tissue and tissue layers appeared early in animal evolution. Primary cell layers of tissue include the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. A few diploblastic animals have only two layers. Most animals exhibit either or Sponges are an exception and are Cephalization evolved in symmetrical animals. Many animals have body cavities that surround their internal organs. animals do not have a cavity muscles of the body symmetry animals have a fluid- or organ-filled space between the gut and wall animals have a fluid-filled body cavity lined by the peritoneum The fluid can serve as a hydrostatic skeleton and allows movement of the organism as well as provides support.

divides the bodies of some animals of both groups into repeating units. Segments can be seen in humans by observing the vertebral column. In worms, the segments allow duplication of function, and at the same time offer flexibility.

Ecdysozoan Protostomes A. The three phyla in the protostome group Ecdysozoa all have external coverings that shed periodically. Nematodes are unsegmented roundworms covered by a flexible cuticle and are perhaps the most abundant animal on Earth Members of phylum and jointed appendages. a. are segmented animals with a hard exoskeleton include spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, and horseshoe crabs, all of which have modified appendages used for biting. b. include shrimps, lobsters, crabs, and their relatives, all of which have a fused cephalothorax..

The transfer of fluid from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule transfers large molecules as easily as small ones. results from active transport. is very selective as to which subprotein-sized molecules are transferred. usually includes the transfer of red blood cells into Bowman's capsule. is mainly a consequence of blood pressure in the capillaries of the glomerulus.

Why do birds secrete uric acid and we secrete urea? Use toxicity and energy expenditure to answer this question.

A cohort is defined as: All of the individuals in a population born at the same time All of the individuals living in the same habitat All of the different species in a community All of the organisms interacting in the ecosystem All of the above

Ciprofloxacin is an example of this class of drugs related to quinine which target DNA replication by preventing unwinding of DNA Fluroquinolones Rifampin Monobactams Aminoglycosides

Tomato flesh is typically red due to the production of lycopene, which is a carotenoid pigment. Some tomatoes may have tangerine-colored flesh or yellow-colored flesh. In the 1950's, researchers reported that this variation in tomato flesh color could be explained by an epistatic interaction involving genes T and R. Previous work had shown that red flesh is the wild-type phenotype, and that yellow flesh is caused by a recessive mutation at the R locus only. The researchers were not sure, however, how tangerine flesh was inherited. They established a cross between two double heterozygous red-fleshed tomatoes and observed the following offspring: 27 red- fleshed plants, 12 tangerine-fleshed plants, and 9 yellow-fleshed plants. Use this information to answer the following questions. (a) In general, what must the genotypes be for red-fleshed tomatoes, tangerine- fleshed tomatoes, and yellow-fleshed tomatoes, respectively? (b) You cross a heterozygous red-fleshed plant with a true-breeding yellow-fleshed plant. What are the genotypes of these two plants? What are the expected offspring phenotypes, and in what proportions? Use a punnett square or product law / forked line method to support your answer.

During an infection by an enveloped animal virus, the whole virus enters the animal cell True False

3. Dimorphic fungi are those fungi that.. A. Exist either in yeast form or mold form depending on environmental conditions B. Are able to grow in dry or humid conditions C. Produce two different pigments depending on the temperature D. Are able to reproduce by spores at 25C or at 37C E. All of the above

7. How would you classify a mycosis that.... is localized on outermost skin layers is caused by normal microbiota is located beneath the skin affects internal organs affects hair, skin, and/or nails

In which sentence is the modifier placed correctly? A. The self-conscious student looked at the floor while her teacher talked with a spikey haircut. B. Self-consciously, the student looked at the floor with a spikey haircut while her teacher talked. C. Self-conscious with a spikey haircut, the student looked at the floor while her teacher talked.

In Paragraph 26 of "April Showers," the narrator uses what literary device in describing Sophie Brill's visit? A. sarcasm -- the author says positive things about Miss Brill but means the opposite B. foreshadowing -- the author is warning us of something bad that is to come C. allegory -- an extended symbolic representation

Which part of the United States were mostly occupied by German immigrants? Midsouth Midwest Midnorth Mideast

River blindness is Caused by Herpes simplex virus Caused by worms that invades the eyes Caused by a blood fluke Transmitted by mosquito vector all of these

Between a phloem-feeding (plant fluids) and leaf-chewing herbivorous describe two major differences in their internal digestive system.

Which of the following is mismatched? ray-finned fishes -- bony operculum protects the gills lobe-finned fishes -- lungfishes undergo estivation sharks & rays -- direct ancestors of tetrapods sharks & rays -- skeleton and backbone are made of cartilage

Desert owls are inactive during the day and active at night. They also have small bodies. This describes a _______ adaptation to the hot and dry desert. CHECK ALL THAT WOULD APPLY No answer text provided. Oanatomical behavioral Ophysiological

Mycoplasmas are bacteria that lack cell walls. On the basis of this structural feature, which statement concerning mycoplasmas should be true? They should contain less cellulose than do bacteria that possess cell walls. They lack a cell membrane as well. They possess typical prokaryotic flagella. They are gram-negative. They are subject to lysis in hypotonic conditions.

Which of the following is descriptive of deuterostomes? spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore develops second and becomes the anus, enterocoelous development radial and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes the mouth, schizocoelous development spiral and indeterminate cleavage, blastopore becomes the mouth, schizocoelous development spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes the mouth, schizocoelous development radial and indeterminate cleavage, blastopore becomes the anus, enterocoelous development

How would you distinguish between Phylum Porifera and any other animal phyla? the presence of a complete digestive tract. the presence of true tissues. the presence of a body cavity. the presence of a circulatory system.

The cells in a sponge are primarily responsible for creating water currents bearing food particles amoebocyte epidermal mesohyll porocyte choanocyte

Gas exchange in the gills of a bony fish is maximized by which of the following? Alveoli Countercurrent exchange A tracheal system Negative pressure breathing

What are the white stains on the rocks?White bird excrement covers ocean rocks. urea ammonia uric acid feces proteins

What gene allows the jellyfish glow in the dark? BLA Ara-C GFP Beta-lactamase

Endothermy is a characteristic of animals that have a fairly constant body temperature. is a characteristic of most animals found in tropical zones. is a characteristic of mammals but not of birds. is seen only in insects and in certain predatory fishes. is a term equivalent to cold-blooded.

A cloaca is an anatomical structure found in many non-mammalian vertebrates, which functions as a common exit for the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems. a gland that secretes mucus to lubricate the vaginal opening. a region bordered by the labia minora and clitoris in females. a source of nutrients for developing sperm in the testes. a specialized sperm-transfer device produced by males.

Countercurrent exchange is evident in CHECK ALL THAT WOULD APPLY the flow of water across the gills of a fish and the blood within those gills. the flow of blood into and out of the legs of a bird in order to maintain blood temperature the flow of fluid out of the arterial end of a capillary and that of fluid back into the venous end of the same capillary. the flow of blood and fluid through the nasal glands of a bird

In which group of animals would you expect to find a relatively large cecum? herbivores carnivores autotrophs heterotrophs omnivores

Internal and external fertilization both .......... O produce single-celled zygotes. occur only among invertebrates. depend on the use of intromittent copulatory organs, occur only among terrestrial animals. occur only among birds.

Which of the following component(s) belongs to the second line of defense The tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin Complement system Nasal hairs Action of antibodies

Approximately 70-80% of finfish and shellfish are made of minerals fat protein water

Describe bacterial conjugation. What plasmid is involved? What cellular structure is involved? What do we call a cell that can initiate conjugation? What happens to the other (2nd) cell involved in conjugation? Describe how F' (prime), HFr cells differ from F+ (plus) cells? What would happen if each of the preceding cells came in contact with a F- (minus) cell?

Smears require only small amount of the bacterial culture. True False

Which sentence below does not belong in a "Narrative" piece? A. Often did I think many of the inhabitants of the deep much more happy than myself. B. The God that holds you over the pit of hell... abhors you. C. Not long after they crossed the river, they saw the sailors that had been missing for two days.

The muscle in the forehead that raise and lowers the eyebrows is the : A. frontalis B. masseter C. sternocleidomastod D. temporalis

Poison ivy is also known as Rhus toxicodendron. Its species identifier is Rhus. toxicodendron. poison. ivy.

Which organisms are most closely related to humans? spiders earthworms parakeets meerkats snakes

Which two of these characteristics are examples of endoskeletons? scales in fish bones in mammals calcium-rich plates in echinoderms appendages in arthropods

When testing the question of why some corals survive in excessive heat, what was the independent variable? Placing the corals in freshwater, rather than sea water Constant light levels and salinity of the water Growth measurements of the coral Application of heat stress to the coral

Why are coral reefs important ecosystems on Earth? Select all that may apply. Host numerous biological communities Valuable sources of food for millions of people Pretty to look at and study Valuable sources for sea shell craft supplies Important shelters for biodiversity

A drop of blood hits the ground at 35 degrees, what shape does it form? Square Streak Ellipse (oval) Circle

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of the auto refill program? Patients do not have to call in their prescriptions to be refilled Assists patients in remembering to pick up their refilled prescriptions The pharmacy system will attempt to contact prescriber for prescriptions that are expired or have no refills remaining The medication will be delivered to the patient's home

What would be the best microscope to view living single-celled organisms in a sample of pond water? Transmission electron microscope Scanning electron microscope Compound light microscope Dissecting microscope

What would be the main disadvantage to the poikilothermic thermoregulation strategy? Their body temperatures can fluctuate with little to no adverse effects to their overall health These animals can not inhabit environments with extreme temperatures (i.e. very hot or very cold) Since they do not rely on their metabolism to generate thermal energy, they do not have to eat each day They must keep their internal body temperature higher than the ambient temperature, because if not their enzymes will not function properly

What advances did the phylum Cnidaria (jellyfish, hydra) bring to the animal kingdom? 1. Three tissue layers 2. Predation 3. complete digestive system including mouth and anus 4. Purposeful movement

As you may have heard from Dr. Fauci in the news in reference to the ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic: "Viruses cannot mutate if they cannot replicate". Based on what you know about the basic properties of viruses and vaccines, explain why widespread vaccination could help prevent the emergence of novel viral variants.