Biotechnology & its Applications Questions and Answers

Bacteriophages are a type of virus that infects bacteria. Scientists have started to use these bacteriophages to move genetic information from one bacterium to another. Which characteristic of a virus is an advantage and why? The ability to integrate its own DNA into the host's DNA makes it possible to transfer the integrated DNA to another organism. The ability to utilize the hosts' protein synthesis machinery where copies of synthesized proteins remain stored. The ability to only infect a limited range of hosts helps to transfer genetic material more efficiently. The ability to assemble itself inside the host cell makes the transfer more efficient and independent.

Which experiment would most likely contain experimental bias? A A lab performs a test by giving bacterial colonies the same amount of different antibiotics and growing them under the same conditions. B. A chemistry class performs an experiment in which each reaction has the same amount of starting material and begins at the same temperature. C A student tests the attraction of bees to flowers by placing four different flowers in the same location and counting how many bees visit each. D. A company that makes pain relief medication tests the effectiveness of their own medicine compared to that of three other brands.

Explain how the field of science can attract many different types of people with varying interests. Consider the following: People who prefer to work alone or people who enjoy working with others People who prefer quiet work or people who prefer adventure and excitement People who want to travel or people who don't People who want to work creatively or people who prefer logical, analytical thinking People who enjoy math or people who don't

What type of information is most likely carried on a plasmid? A) antibiotic resistance genes B) genes needed for celullar respiration and the production of ATP C) genes needed for making ribosomes D) all of the above

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probes are applied to intact cells and observed microscopically for the presence and location of Select one: a. DNA. b. RNA. c. proteins. d. recombinant DNA. e. a specific genetic marker sequence.

Which of the following is NOT a setting that you would want to return your microscope to before you put it away? a) condenser all the way down b) stage all the way down c) light switch powered down/off d) lowest power objective in place

Which of the following is NOT involved in the standard treatment of wastewater or sewage? a) chlorination b) filtration c) boiling d) settling e) aerobic microbial decomposition

What is the medical importance of bacteria transferring plasmids to another bacteri cell? Causes genetic diversification of the chromosome of the bacteria Give new genetic information to the donor cell can give genetic information about antibiotic resistance two of the above are true

Arrange the steps of the Gram staining procedure in the correct order. Add mordant, Gram's iodine, to slide. Heat fix slide over a Bunsen burner. Add secondary stain, safranin, to slide. Prepare a smear of bacteria. Apply ethanol to decolorize the cells. Add primary stain, crystal violet, to slide.

11. Mr. Big just died, leaving a large inheritance to Mrs. Big ands his daughter. Two men have stepped forward claiming to be his illegitimate heir. Considering the DNA evidence at right, which son is Mr. Big's? How do you know?

Some anti-bacterial soaps (bar and liquid soaps) use_as the active anti-bacterial ingredient. Olow concentration bleach triclosan quaternary ammonium compounds phenol Mr. Clean

What is the downside of using triclosan in Personal Care Products? (choose all that apply) a. Triclosan might increase the resistance of bacteria to other anti-bacterial treatments or controls b. Triclosan in the environment could be harmful to aquatic animals. c. Triclosan can affect the activity of the body's hormones and cause adverse effects d. People with higher concentrations of triclosan in their urine have been shown to have a higher incidence of allergies.

Businesses in a pure competition market put the most money towards advertising costs, as a means of differentiating their product from their competitors. True False

Counting the lines between a delta and the center (core) of the fingerprint is called a: Ridge count Core measurment Bifurcation Line count

Choose the hypothesis for the controlled experiment that answers the question: "Will a feather or a ball fall faster in a vacuum (absence of air A vacuum is not necessary to test this experiment. A ball will fall faster in normal air. A ball is heavier than a feather, A ball will fall faster in a vacuum.

A nutrient medium that has all of its chemical components identified and their precise concentrations known and reproducible is termed. Select one: a. complex b. reducing c. enriched d. defined

When a gene has an error or mutation, it can cause what in a person? A. disease B. death C. deterioration

A drug is any type of that has an effect on the body. A. bacteria B. chemical C. fungi

Techniques to improve contrast in microscopy include (select all that apply): dark-field microscopy Obright-field microscopy using an ocular lens using oil for the lens negative staining using a less powerful objective lens using electrons instead of light due to their shorter wavelength positive staining

You are participating in an activity which involves running from Baltimore City Community College campus to Coppin State University campus AND back. Your leg muscles are getting the energy for this exercise from: Aerobic cellular respiration All of above Glycolysis Direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate Anaerobic cellular respiration

Draw the structure of a coenzyme that facilitate acyl group activation and explain (with structure) how it facilitate the process.

The investigational new drug application (IND) contains information about how the company will test the vaccine in humans information about the vaccine's safety and ability to produce an immune response in animals information on how the vaccine is manufactured all of the answers are correct

True or false. If you could genetically modify honeybees such that they would express higher levels of juvenile hormone langer, this would result in a shorter lifespan of the typical bee A) True B) False

Describe clearly the changes in therapeutic activity that can arise by altering the shape and the size of a lead compound. Refer to specific examples and case-studies to illustrate your answer.

A researcher has identified a new protein, protein A, which they hypothesise interacts with protein B. To investigate this interaction, the researcher first wants to determine if the two proteins colocalise in the cell. List the type of microscope that would be best to study this, and indicate what other manipulations or preparations the researcher would need to do to prepare the sample for visualisation.

3. A researcher has identified a new protein, protein A, which they hypothesise interacts with protein B. To investigate this interaction, the researcher first wants to determine if the two proteins colocalise in the cell. List the type of microscope that would be best to study this, and indicate what other manipulations or preparations the researcher would need to do to prepare the sample for visualisation. (3 marks) To know the protein-protein interaction, we have to label the proteins with fluorescent dyes. We need to excite these dyes with suitable wavelength and emitted light will be absorbed and show the protein-protein interaction. The best microscope to study the protein-protein interaction is fluorescent microscope, and fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a popular technique used for the study of protein-protein interaction. Using your answer from the previous question, give one pro and one con for using that sample preparation approach. (2 marks)

Students in biology classes at MHS have been conducting an experiment that involves producing bacteria that produce human insulin. In essence, students are placing an insulin gene from the human pancreas into the bacterial genome. This was done to produce genetically engineered bacteria that make a human protein. Which question addresses the ethical concerns regarding this biotechnological method? A. Will the insulin produced by genetically altered bacteria be viewed by different religious groups needing to be treated for diabetes? B. Will the bacteria become part of the human genome after the addition of the insulin gene? C. Will the insulin produced by genetically altered bacteria increase the chances of individuals becoming ill? D. Will the insulin produced by the bacteria be readily used by humans?

How do alkylating agents work? they prevent proteins needed for mitosis from being produced preventing cell division they damage the building blocks of DNA's structure which leads to cell death unless the damage is repaired they damage the mitotic spindle preventing cell division they prevent copied chromosomes from being separated into daughter cells stopping cell division

For clean-catch specimens the urine container must be sterile. True False

What is the purpose of sonication? a) Inserting genes to modify bacterial genome b) Opening pores in the cell membrane to add new molecules to cells c) Purifying a specific compound from a pool of molecules d) Lysing the cells to release their contents

Why is it important to select a good stationary phase? a) To retain the desired molecules and separate them from the rest of the sample b) To create a good flow path through the system c) To detect all the molecules in the sample at the same time d) To ensure the sample remains properly mixed

In the context of public health nutrition and what you have learned in this course, what is an incentive? i. A characteristic of a food that encourages consumption (e.g. flavour enhancers) ii. A psychological technique used by marketers to increase consumption iii. The use of food rewards to encourage consumption (e.g. by parents to encourage children to eat) iv. None of the above

Enalapril is an anti-hypertension "pro-drug" (i.e., a drug precursor) that is inactive until the ethyl ester (arrow in figure) is hydrolyzed by esterases present in blood plasma. The active drug is the dicarboxylic acid ("enalaprilat") that results from this hydrolysis reaction. a. Enalapril is administered in pill form, but enalaprilat must be administered intravenously. Why do you suppose enalapril works as a pill but enalaprilat does not?

E. coli are able to grow in a medium containing ampicillin only if they... A. took up the pGLO plasmid from the environment B. do not express GFP C. do not produce the Repressor protein D. express the ara-C gene E. All of the above

pGLO is... the gene that encodes for green fluorescence the plasmid that we use in the lab transformation experiment the promoter of the gene GLO a fragment of DNA that encodes for a pilus None of the above

Streak plate is a method to obtain a pure culture from a mixed culture using aseptic techniques. True False

Contrast Agglutination versus Precipitation reactions

Which of the following techniques was used to identify the size of CptA? Fetal membrane transversal Hemolysis Assay Dentaturing-PAGE Cytotoxicity assay

For the lab final you should be able to explain the purpose of the following media and interpret a positive vs negative result. If a media is selective, you should know HOW the media selects and if a reagent needs to be added you should know the reagent name. • MAC • MSA • Blood agar • CNA • Sabarouds Dextrose agar • Simmons citrate • SIM • Lactose broth • MRVP • Mueller- Hinton For the lab final you should understand and interpret the results of the following tests: • Catalase test • Broth dilutions test (antimicrobial susceptibility) Chapter 25 Part 2 will also be included in the lab final Bacterial characteristics for S. aureus S. pyogenes

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on their A. weight B. charge C. size D. nitrogen content

After being digested with a restriction enzyme, genomic DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis. Specific fragments can then be identified through the use of a: A. plasmid. B. restriction enzyme. C. sticky end. D. nucleic acid probe.

Containers of ice cream are sold by volume, not by weight. Some ice cream manufacturers pump air into the ice cream before packaging it. Why does this practice make the ice cream more expensive to the consumer?

Liquid cultures should be disposed of by a. pouring the contents of the tube into the sink and then washing the tube. b. discarding the tube into the nearest trash can. c. removing any labels from the outside of the tube and placing the tube in a rack for disinfecting. d. pouring disinfectant into the tube to kill the culture, then washing the tube.

A mechanism that automatically closes a door leading into a laboratory would be considered an example of a. primary containment. b. secondary containment. c. tertiary containment. d. quaternary containment.

The California SB 493 stated all California-licensed pharmacists as which of the following? A Patient consultation providers B Advanced practice pharmacists C. Health care providers D. Medication furnishers

What is the function of a bioreactor? Create multiple copies of DNA. Provide a controlled environment for cell growth. Provide a controlled environment for restriction enzymes to produce recombinant DNA Create multiple copies of genes.

Which of the following apply to quorum sensing: Group of answer choices A. quorum sensing is a form of bacterial communication within the population B. quorum sensing allows for attachment of the pathogen to human tissues C. quorum sensing is necessary for the pathogen to meet the infectious dose (ID50) D. quorum sensing is necessary for passage through the human plasma membrane for intracellular growth E. all of the above apply to quorum sensing

How does a blood spatter analyst determine the direction of travel for blood stains? By looking at the absorption By measuring the length and the width By looking at the tail, which points in the direction of travel By looking at the tail, which points to where the blood came from

The process by which small fragments of soluble DNA from the surrounding environment are taken in by a bacterium and inserted into the chromosome is called conjugation. A) True B) False

Which is an advantage of genetic engineering? O lack of labeling of food products that have been genetically engineered O diminished opportunities for organic agriculture O lack of long-term studies on food safety and environmental impact O diminished effects of diseases on crops