Cell Cycle and Cell Division Questions and Answers

4 Relate DNA replication to how accurate genetic information is passed down through generations a Explain how DNA replication ensures that genetic information is conserved when a parent cell divides by mitosis 2 points

At which point in the cell cycle does DNA replication take place O A During mitosis OB During G phase OC During S phase OD During G phase

Why is it necessary for meiosis to produce haploid cells rather than diploid cells OA It reduces the chances of genetic variation because there are fewer chromosomes in each gamete OB It saves energy because the parent cell needs to produce fewer chromosomes OC It allows for asexual reproduction to occur more quickly because four haploid cells are produced instead of two OD It maintains the chromosome number when two gametes join together to form a zygote IMAGE MIESTE Whit Sent MALERI

1 In human females the development of all potential egg cells is halted during fetal development during which stage of cell division a prophase II b metaphase II c mitosis d prophase I e the S phase of interphase 2 Mendel s experiments with pea plants were done with a species having seven linkage groups If there is one heterzygous gene in each linkage group how many genetically different kinds of pollen could be produced a 7 b 14 c 28 d 49 e 128 3 Some Drosophila that are homozygous for the recessive gene eyeless ey ey have no eyes while others have eyes that are smaller than normal Occasionally one can even find ey ey homozygotes with eyes that appear normal size that is wild type From these observations one can conclude that the eyeless mutation in Drosophila is a recessive epistatic b confused c incompletely dominant d variably expressed e all of the above 4 Refer to the cell division diagram shown at the right the spindle and associated elements have been left off for clarity What stage is the cell in a prophase of mitosis b prophase I of meiosis c telophase of mitosis d prophase II of meiosis e it is a prophase but there is not enough information to tell whether it is mitosis or meiosis 5 Referring again to the species from which this cell has been taken how many linkage groups are

Desertification is the conversion of fertile land into desert What are possible causes for this transformation Select all that may apply Drought Mixing farm crops with native plants Replacing native plants with cacti Deforestation Poor farming practices that deplete soil nutrients

Which of the following BEST characterizes the US Government s perspective on dioxin in Agent Orange during the Vietnam War Secret Operation Ranch Hand documents revealed that the herbicidal mission was a cover and the true intention was to poison local water supplies for generations Government officials were aware that 2 4 5 T was contaminated with dioxin and knew that dioxin was hazardous but they didn t really care and chose to use Agent Orange in large quantities anyway 2 4 5 T was specifically chosen as an ingredient in Agent Orange because of its contamination with dioxin since the high dioxin contents meant it was faster acting as an herbicide No one knew 2 4 5 T was contaminated with dioxin The dioxin was deliberately added to 2 4 5 T to make it more deadly to crops and to enemy soldiers

All of the below would be required for induced pluripotent stem cell technology EXCEPT skin or other somatic cells from a patient O culture conditions to prompt differentiation into particular cell types O reprogramming factors that return cells to pluripotency a donor egg

Order the steps involved in protein synthesis and transportation Proteins inside of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are either modified with the addition of side chains or undergo proper folding The proteins exit the Golgi apparatus from the trans face where they become incorporated into the plasma membrane of the cell or get exported to some other location where the proteins are needed The Golgi apparatus modifies sorts and packages the protein as they pass through the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus In many cases sugar groups are added to the proteins along with phosphate groups to ensure delivery to the proper location Transport vesicles containing the newly synthesized proteins bud from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and enter the cis face of the Golgi apparatus Proteins that will be exported from the cell are synthesized by ribosomes located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum As the protein is being synthesized the protein will be inserted into the lumen of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

explain the effects of problems with myelin that lead to myelin diseases

explain the passive conductance of an electrical signal across a neuronal membrane

acti TS O Conjugation O Binary fission ge

Using the following diagrams please answer the The following diagram is of a set of human chromosomes This diagram is known as a KARYOTYPE There are several things that can be seen in such a diagram You will discover these things through the following readings and questions Karyotype A 13 19 h 20 24 D Y 20 B 15 20 5 16 21 1 1 0 85 17 12 22 18 kt Y 1 Karyotype A is the first set of chromosomes we will look at Notice that the chromosomes are all paired up How many pairs of chromosomes do you see 2 Looking closer you will see that the pairs of chromosomes are paired according certain likeness among the chromosomes List some likenesses that you see among paired chromosomes 3 Each karyotype chart also shows some important details about the sex of the organism Looking at this particular karyotype chart what is the sex of the organism 4 The chromosomes in the karyotype also show some light and dark bands What do you think these regions of ligh dark bands are 5 If you start with chromosome number 1 and go until chromosome number 22 you will see a trend in size correlation is this trend 6 How do you think this trend affects the number of genes present on any particular chromosome the pairs of chromosomes are numbered How many pairs of NUMBERED chromosomes do you see

you think that the government or businesses should be he

Select all that apply Which of the following are characteristics of reproductive isolation There is no gene flow between two groups of organisms species Interbreeding between species occurs It is maintained by certain prezygotic and postzygotic barriers It is necessary for species to remain separate www M Athonia ENAIPEN 1

this cell line significant to research on infectious diseases O HeLa cells provide an unlimited source of human cells because they are immortal O HeLa cells provide an unlimited source of human cells as long as a few cells are introduced to a new medium when they stop replicating O HeLa cells provide an unlimited source of bacteriophages because these cells are cancerous Question 9 How are viroids transferred from plant to plant Mark all that apply O Crop maintenance O Crop harvesting Insects O Seeds 0 25 pts

The following diagram represents the correct answer that completes the sentence Step 5 or Step 4 Olytic cycle Source Biologywise com Release O infection Host Cell AU Assembly lysogenic cycle of the bacteriophage Choose the 1 Step 1 Attachment 2 1 Penetration 17 Step 2 Biosynthesis Step 3

1 Of the ten stages of genocide identify the steps from the Bosnian genocide and explain their significance

7 to nd u and your group will need to plan what materials you will need to represent the cell mponents This is your time to be CREATIVE After discussing materials be sure to tches of what your models will look like INTERPHASE S 9 Mitosis Stop Motion Animation PLANNING SHEET ase Important steps to highlight in your group What materials and labels do I need Mitosis Anaphase Important steps to highlight 000 gys INTERPHASE G Important steps to highlight in your group HUCKLUS tributed 0 What materials and labels do I need MiTo sis Mitosis Prophase Important steps to highlight Mitosis Telophase Important steps to highlight What materials and labels do I need Cytokinesis Important steps to highlight

18 Which step shows a piece of recombinant DNA being inserted into a bacterial cell a 4 b 5 c 6 d 7

14 AKS 8a A An from a single cell A clone B transgenic organism C recombinant DNA D bacteriophage is a member of a population of genetically identical cells produc

Since most bacterial cells have a positive charge we need to use a stain with a charge to stain them

AKS 8a Select ALL that are examples of biotechnology A Inserting a functional copy of a gene in a patient to treat a genetic disorder B Injecting stem cells into an injury to speed up recovery C Identifying the father of a child by comparing DNA using DNA fingerprintin D Identifying a broken bone using an x ray

The negative stain could be used to select the best answer a determine flagella arrangement b determine the Gram reaction c visualize endospores d determine cell size el visualize fimbriae

The purpose of the mordant in the Gram stain is to a prevent the crystal violet from leaving the cells b make the flagella visible c make the bacterial cells larger d remove the simple stain e make Gram negative cells visible

The figure below shows the number of chromosomes observed in an actively dividing cell at each stage of cell division number of chromsomes per cell A B 100 C 90 D 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 04 prophase A bar graph comparing the number of chromosomes at different stages of cell division metaphase Which of the following best explains the change in the number of chromosomes between metaphase and anaphase 110 anaphase telophase cytokinesis stage of cell division During metaphase a cell contains identical copies of each chromosome and then trans forms into sister chromatids DNA replication occurs between metaphase and anaphase doubling the number of chromosomes During anaphase the chromatids are separated each becoming independent chromo somes in its respective new cell New chromosomes formed during prophase are doubled during anaphase

Which of the following describes the most likely property of cancer cells other than un controllable division A inability to form spindle fibers B C D inability of chromosomes to align during the metaphase inability to undergo apoptosis alteration of the cell cycle sequence

A cell can normally halt its progression through the cell cycle at different checkpoints Which of the following best predicts a reason for a cell to halt its progression through the cell cycle between the G1 and the S phases A B C D incorrect attachment of spindle fibers to sister chromatids errors in DNA replication during G1 mitosis facilitating enzymes have not been synthesized insufficient accumulation of nucleotides

A researcher who is examining a sample of cells of the same types at different stages of cell division isolates a group of cells in the sample that have 1 5 times the amount of DNA as cells at the G1 phase Which of the following best describes this group of isolated cells A B C D They are in the S phase of the cell cycle They are between the G1 and the S phases in the cell cycle They are in the M phase of the cell cycle They are in the G2 phase of the cell cycle

Quorum sensing is a form of paracrine communication in which cells can regulate their function in response to changes to which of the following properties A B C D population size the availability of nutrients in their environment population density the pH conditions in their environment

There are four mechanisms that can cause changes in the frequencies of genes in populations mutation migration genetic drift and natural selection All four are mechanisms of evolutionary change Compare natural selection to the other mechanisms for change What choice BEST differentiates natural selection from the other mechanisms Variation within a population develops allelic frequencies within a population change due to the influx of new genotypes O Populations changes from generation to generation happen solely by chance Individuals within a population change in a response to selective pressures in the environment There is variation in a population differential reproduction occurs and over time a more advantageous trait exists in the population

Which statement best describes natural selection O Random assortment of genes results in better characteristics in the following generations O Only the largest and strongest survive O Some live and some die in each generation O The best adapted individuals survive and reproduce which passes their genes onto the next generation

What is the end result of the cell cycle and mitosis

21 Which statement is not correct ABC transporters transport amino acids into procariotic cells ABC transporters are located only in the membrane of cancer cells In eukaryotes ABC transporters carry substances into or out the cell ABC transporters utilize the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to transport various substra across cellular membranes

SE1 Describe the DNA damage caused by exposure to UV light and how it is repaired

The peptide bond on the C O side of basic residues in a polypeptide is specifically cleaved by A RNase H B succinate dehydrogenase C Factor VIII D Trypsin E chymotrypsin

1 Roughly one in every 1 000 girls is born with three copies of the X chromosome Although the extra X chromosomes are inactivated in somatic cells triple X females often exhibit lower IQ motor coordination problems and delayed language development Imagine a triple X girl Abeya who shows an X linked recessive trait called ocular albinism lack of pigmentation in the eye That is Abeya carries the mutant allele on all three of her X chromosomes Abeya s father and brother also exhibit ocular albinism but her mother does not A B C D E In which of the following stages of meiosis might the error have occurred Assume no crossing over and that the XXX karyotype resulted from a single error in chromosome partitioning 1 Meiosis II in the father 2 Meiosis I in the mother 3 Meiosis II in the mother 4 Meiosis I in the father 1 2 3 only 1 3 only 2 4 only 4 only All of 1 2 3 4 are correct

diagram below shows a cell during a phase of a type of cell division Use it to answer the following questions LOAA 2 TI yr y T a 3 points Which stage of mitosis or meiosis is this cell in Briefly explain how you can tell 619 012 15 201 sons bins once ods quarto cum mine 49 inobstym to cyclo As located on JAV b 1 point Circle a pair of sister chromatids c 1 point By the end of this process of cell division a daughter cell is circle one

20 Meiosis involves the reduction of the a diploid haploid b haploid diploid c diploid diploid d haploid haploid state to the state

15 In this phase of mitosis sister chromatids are attached to spindle fibers at a kinetoch a metaphase b telophase c prophase d interphase

9 Which statement is NOT correct a Meiosis produces somatic cells There are two divisions in meiosis Meiosis results in four daughter cells d Both A and B are incorrect b c

8 Which of the following is the correct order of mitosis a Prophase anaphase metaphase telophase cytokinesis b Prophase metaphase anaphase telophase cytokinesis c Metaphase telophase cytokinesis anaphase prophase d Cytokinesis telophase anaphase metaphase prophase

aminoacyla 8 The substrate atom which undergoes nucleophilic attack in transcriptional elongation is the A a phosphate of the incoming NTP B 5 hydroxyl on the 5 end deoxyribose C 3 hydroxyl on the 3 end ribose D oxyanion on the y phosphate of the dNTP E aminoacyl C on P site tRNA

2 The substrate atom which undergoes nucleophilic attack in transcriptional elongation is th A 5 hydroxyl on the 5 end deoxyribose B 3 hydroxyl on the 3 end ribose C oxyanion on the y phosphate of the dNTP D aminoacyl C on P site tRNA E a phosphate of the incoming NTP

BI In the illustration above a parent cell is going through cell division Black lines represent nucleic acids and blue dots represent kinetochore complexes These nucleic acids are aligned on the cell s metaphase plate Use this information to answer the following questions In this illustration there are 8 molecule s of double stranded DNA 0 chromosome s 2 tetrad s 4 replicated chromosome s 0 daughter chromosome s and 8 sister chromatids This cell is dividing by meiosis is a eukaryote Based on this information we would describe this parent cell and organism as diploid genome composed of 2 different chromosomes or to say this another way 2n 8 x Once cell division is complete we would describe one daughter cell as haploid composed of 4 x different chromosomes or to say this another way n 4 so this organism mostly likely reproduces sexually I x The parent cell has https asulearn appstate edu mod quiz review php attempt 2919673 cmid 1984293 with a non segmented x with a non segmented x genome and 11 20

What phase of Meiosis is being shown in the picture below O Prophase I O Anaphase I O Metaphase I O Prophase II Telophase I O Telophase II Anaphase II O Metaphase II

During the cell cycle DNA replication occurs during interphase O True O False

4 What is nondisjunction 5 What is the role of cyclin in the regulation of the cell cycle 6 Where is the receptor for a ligand that stimulates a response from outside the cell 7 What are the stages of signal transduction 8 What is a signaling cascade What is a second messenger 9 What is the purpose of amplification

Dyneins move vesicles Oa. From the microbubule (+) end to the (-) end O b. From the microtubule (-) end to the (+) end Oc Bi-directionally along the same microtubule O d. Along both microtubules and microfilaments

In the axenomes, the arrangement of 9 outer doublet microtubules, as well as the protofilament number of each outer doublet. is specified by a. Gamma-tubulin b. The centrosome c. The basal body d. Nevin

Cells of a multicellular organism receive and respond to signals from other cells. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be part of a signaling pathway? increasing the rate of transcription of a set of genes creating mutations during DNA replication dephosphorylating a protein activating a second messenger increasing the concentration of calcium in the cytosol