Cell Cycle and Cell Division Questions and Answers

A monohybrid cross is a cross designed to study the inheritance of only one 1 point trait O True O False A zygote is a pair of homologous chromosomes each with two sister chromatids O True False 1 point

An organism in which the genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques is called a genetically modified organism O True O False Meiosis involves two divisions that produce four diploid cells O True False 1 point 1 point

During anaphase I of meiosis the tetrads migrate toward the center of the 1 point cell and align their centromeres across the middle of the cell True False Cloning is the process of producing one individual that is genetically identical to another using a single cell or tissue True False 1 point

Interphase is the process in which a eukaryotic cell divides its cytoplasm into two new daughter cells True False

Matching Match each figure to the correct phase of meiosis Answer choices may be used only once a anaphase I b anaphase II c metaphase I d metaphase II e prophase I f prophase II g telophase I h telophase II and cytokinesis 1 CO 3 XX 4 AMMAD Za TA 5

How is an organ different from a tissue

cules building blocks a List the four groups of macromolecules what are they used for in organisms and what they are made of monomers and elements i Corbonhydrate ii W iii iv b How is energy acquired from macromolecules ploculo contains the largest amount of potential energy Why 1225

4 Complete the statements The spiral ganglion is housed in the The dendrites of its neurons pass through the The axons of its neurons constitute the nerve fibres of the 5 Fill in the table put Reside in the saccule and utricle Reside in the ampullae of the semicircular canals Contain supporting cells Contain neuroepithelial cells Are covered with the otolithic membrane Are covered with the cupula Are sensors of gravity and linear acceleration Are sensors of angular acceleration 1 2 and contains 3 Parts of the vestibular apparatus 6 Enumerate the cells constituting the taste buds and indicate their functions and innervate Cells Maculae Functions Cristae 7 Suggest types of nerve fibers innervating receptor cells of the secondary sentient sense organs 1

8 Describe the structure and functions of tRNA 9 Describe the structure and functions of ribosomes

www 10 A cell wall In this cell undergoing mitosis the structure highlighted by the arrow with the question mark is known as this

is the term used to describe the process by which a cell or group of cells becomes committed to a particular fate refers to the resulting specialization in structure and function Determination Differentiation Differentiation Determination

In humans identical twins are possible because OA of the heterogeneous distribution of cytoplasmic determinants in unfertilized eggs B of interactions between extraembryonic cells and the zygote nucleus C the gray crescent divides the dorsal ventral axis into new cells D early blastomeres can form a complete embryo if isolated

As an embryo develops after fertilization occurs new cells are produced as the result of OA differentiation B preformation OC mitosis D morphogenesis

The annual inflation rate measures the percentage growth rate of the CPI from the base period 1982 1984 to a given year real GDP from the base period 1982 1984 to a given year real GDP from one year to the next the CPI from one year to the next

What would happen to the neoclassical labor market if workers were less motivated to work due to generous government welfare programs labor supply curve shifts to the right thus decreasing the wage labor supply curve shifts to the left thus increasing the wage labor demand curve shifts to the left thus decreasing the wage labor demand curve shifts to the right thus increasing the wage

What is the cyclical unemployment George used to work in an automotive assembly plant He was laid off six months ago as the recession took place Kara voluntarily quit her job as an insurance agent to return to school full time to earn an MBA degree With degree in hand she is now searching for a position in management Sarah moved to a new place and is currently looking for a job Sam used to be a truck driver He permanently lost his job when his company replaced him with driverless vehicles

Label each phase of the cell cycle with the appropriate name or description phase of quiescence O S phase Answer Bank mitosis and cytokinesis U 14 last stage of interphase G phase

In the reaction catalyzed by aconitase the conversion of citrate to isocitrate is inhibited by fluoroacetate Fluoroacetate is used as a pesticide Why is this an effective pesticide O It inhibits glycolysis O It inhibits pyruvate oxidation O It inhibits the Krebs cycle It inhibits the electron transport chain O It inhibits ATP synthase QUESTION 36 Carbon dioxide and water can combine to form glucose water and oxygen What is required for that process to occur O Nothing this is a spontaneous reaction O Energy from the process of cellular respiration O Light energy from the sun O Mitochondria

The lagging strand is replicated with a series of Okazaki fragments and that is why its synthesis is considered to be O discontinuous continuous bidirectional antiparallel semiconservative QUESTION 10 Which of the following statements about DNA replication is false The two strands are separated Each existing strand is used as a template for making a new strand Synthesis of both new strands is in the 5 to 3 direction ther nucleus

A Construct explanations for the following questions 1 Scientist use zebrafish to understand the processes of meiosis and cell differentiation In the process of a zebrafish zygote developing into a larva explain how one cell the zygote can differentiate into many cells to form an embryo 1 A dove has a diploid number of 16 chromosomes How many possible distributions of chromosomes can occur in the homologous pairs of a dove s gametes A 16 B 32 C 256 D 65 536 B Construct explanations for the following questions Describe how plants use sexual reproduction 2 SEPS Construct an explanation to describe the process having the greatest potential for genetic variability Lizards are able to lose their tails and regrow them by a process called epimorphic regeneration Explain the type of cellular process taking place in epimorphic regeneration

One pedigree shown below has a family with individuals affected by an autosomal recessive disorder The other has a family affected by an autosomal dominant disorder How do you know which is which Label each pedigree with its inheritance pattern and explain your answer REMEMBER If more individuals are affected it DOES NOT mean the disorder is caused by a dominant allele That is not a valid reason to use in your explanation 13 Inheritance Pattern 15 Inheritance Pattern I C Bethany Lou 2016 2 2 3 H How do you know 16 How do you know I II III 2 2

end because it has a higher Tubulin addition happens preferentially at the affinity for tubulin heterodimers GTP hydrolysis acts as a molecular switch to microtubule affinity for addition of heterodimers minus increase plus increase plus decrease minus decrease

have a signal peptidase error do not make the appropriate anchor protein have a defect in ribosomal proteins that allow attachment to the surface are synthesizing cytoplasmic proteins Question 40 1 point Listen The axon branches of a typical neuron terminate at structures called glia Saved O the myelin sheath nodes of Ranvier

treadmilling catastrophe oligomerization Onucleation Question 16 1 point Saved 1 Listen Axonemal microtubules O are required to maintain axons maintain cell structure are part of the structure of cilia

are known as growth factors antagonists agonists arrestins Question 6 1 point Saved 40Listen Posttranslational import is Orecycling of receptors by preventing the natural messenger from binding mRNA export from the nucleus uptake of completed polypeptides with special targeting signals into the organelle

Calcium is stored in the cell in the O lysosome O mitochondria O endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus

3 What is the role of the embedded proteins and how do they complete their job Hint they have 6 jobs at least 4 Identify what is the Fluid Mosaic Model of cell membranes and describe how it functions Use steroids cholesterol and glycoproteins in your response 5 Skill practice Which model best represents the structure of a plasma membrane in a nonaqueous environment with a cytosol environment similar to living cells

Can you make two question about neurons and cell signaling and answer it in ur own wrd un 2 paragraph T

Answer the following questions This portion constitutes 25 of this total lab 1 Compare and contrast the process of mitosis and meiosis This response will require at least 10 sentences and a full explanation I

Aneuploidy occurs as a result of which of the following O Nondisjunction during meiosis O Failure of meiosis in a germ cell O Failure of the first cleavage division

growth in meat Natamycin Sorbic acid Nisin Nitrites Question 7 Carbon dioxide is a supercritical gas what does it do to microbes O It inhibits cell wall synthesis It creates thymine dimers 0 5 pts

The sequence between two potential stop codons is an open reading frame ORF Upon closer examination of the RNA sequence from the previous questions you determine the presence of an ORF that may encode for a putative protein which is 600 amino acid residues long How long is the ORF Open reading frame a stretch of DNA or RNA which is uninterrupted by a stop codon and may therefore encode for a protein Questions How many times do we need to tell you to stop 1 through 5 27 bases 83 bases 2 500 bases 600 bases 1 800 bases 259 bases 200 bases

is a drug that blocks cell division by stabilizing microtubules as a result it is used in the treatment of Taxol breast cancer Vincristine listeriosis Nocodazole athlete s foot

Dynamic assembly and disassembly of a cytoplasmic microtubule in a cell occurs primarily at its plus end because its minus end is usually anchored to a basal body a mitochondrial outer membrane a microtubule organizing center the plasma membrane

II Observing Chromosomes Mitosis and Cytokinesis in Animal Cells In this exercise you will observe chromosomes and the stages of mitotic division in whitefish blastula cells You will also compare these chromosomes with the plant chromosomes studied in Exercise III Chromosome structure in animals and plants is basically the same in that both have centromeres and arms However plant chromosomes are generally larger than animal chromosomes Interphase Mitosis Prophase Mitosis Metaphase Mitosis Anaphase Mitosis Telophase Cytokinesis 1

Part B Melosis I Modeling Meiosis Draw out meiosis for a 2n 6 cell Do not draw crossing over recombination Meiosis I Prophase I Each chromosome is duplicated forming a tetrad Crossing over occurs Metaphase I The tetrad aligns in the center of the cell Anaphase I The homologous chromosomes split up Telophase I Sister chromatids reach separate poles Cytokinesis Cell division forms two cells Meiosis II Prophase II Chromosomes move to middle of the cell Metaphase II The sister chromatids align in the center of the cell Anaphase II The sister chromatids are split up Telophase II One chromatic reaches each cellular pole Cytokinesis Cell division of each of the two cells from Meiosis I results in four total haploid cells

1 Look at prepared slides Observing Mitosis and Cytokinesis in Plan Cells The root tip of plants is an area of rapid cell division Using the microscopes available in the lab examine an Allium Onion Root Tip slide to see cells undergoing mitosis You will probably want to start by examining your slide at 40x magnification then 100x and 400x Find cells that are in each of the following cellular stages and sketch what they look like You will probably want to examine cells at 400x magnification for this exercise Interphase Mitosis Prophase Mitosis Metaphase Mitosis Anaphase Mitosis Telophase Cytokinesis 1

I Definitions Using your textbook define each of the following cellular stages of interphase mitosis and cytokinesis and describe the appearance of the cell and what is happening to the cellular DNA at each stage 1 Interphase II Mitosis A Prophase B Metaphase c Anaphase D Telophase III Cytokinesis Laboratory Objectives After completing this lab topic you should be able to 1 Describe the activities of chromosomes and microtubules in the cell cycle including all phases of mitosis and meiosis 2 Identify the phases of mitosis in root tip and whitefish blastula cells 4 Describe differences in mitosis and cytokinesis in plant and animal cells 5 Describe differences in mitosis and meiosis Introduction The nuclei in cells of eukaryotic organisms contain chromosomes with clusters of genes discrete units of hereditary information consisting of double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Structural proteins in the chromosomes organize the DNA and participate in DNA folding and condensation When cells divide chromosomes and genes are duplicated and passed on to daughter cells Single celled organisms divide for reproduction Multicellular organisms have reproductive cells eggs or sperm but they also have somatic body cells that divide for growth or

Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase O interphase O telophase O prophase O metaphase

Crossing over happens O Both meiosis and mitosis O Mitosis O Meiosis 1 O Melosis 2

The frequency of sickle cell traits differs between Western Central Africa and African Americans SCT in US 8 10 SCT in W C Africa 15 28 Yet African Americans are descended from W C Africans at on average 84 African and 16 European ancestry Can you use the General Model of Selection to explain the differences between the frequencies of these two groups If so should the simulation that demonstrates how this could have occurred Hint consider the environmental differences between the United States and West Central African nations

O 15 Explain how the cells resulting from meiasis are not identical

7 Iustrate the phases of meiasis 1 And meiosis 2

O 13 Describe the differences in chromatid cohesin in melosis and mitosis

12 Ilustrate the differences between chromosome behavior in mitosis and melosis

11 Describe the distinct features of meiosis

O 10 Explain the consequence of errors in meiosis

5 Explain the process of synapsis

4 Describe how homologous Chromosomes pair during meiosis

7 One goal of pedigree analysis is to determine what diseases a family will display if two people are related a b C gene loci whether a gene has a dominant or recessive pattern of d inheritance e what treatment a person should undergo