Ecology - Ecosystems Questions and Answers

Read about the air quality in New Delhi Why is it referred to as a gas chamber How is it worse that China

1 Explain how human activities have altered our climate 2 What is the air quality like in Las Vegas currently Are you surprised by this Explain your reasoning 3 Read about the air quality in New Delhi Why is it referred to as a gas chamber How is it worse that China

According to the data on this table which beak type would be considered the least fit 1 Point The following chart gives simulated results of the Finch Beak Activity Chop Sticks Food Type Large Glass Beads Beans BB s Paper Clips TOTAL O tweezers O fork O binder clip Tweezers 7 10 5 8 30 Fork 5 9 2 4 20 Binder Clip 1 2 0 2 r 8 12 6 10 26

BOLTE PACIFE OFRE Se divise NORTH AMERICA ANTARCTICA MITH ATLANTY BIFIL Rock Sprend SOUTH AMERICA ROLTH LARSE SYSE EUROPE AFRICA PENYAY kan Perikan ADI MILAN SCENS GYRE Figure 7 13 Map of Surface Ocean Currents WALAN EXEAS carst ADA AUSTRALIA 11 Based on the temperature of the ocean currents off the Pacific and Atlantic coasts Figure 7 13 why do we find much greater tropical storm development in the Atlantic Ocean influencing the United States Why don t we see many in California Explain your responses in two to three sentences

17 BIOL 1001 Midterm Clare W2023 Group 16 Whales evolved from walking land dwelling ancestors Over evolutionary time the descendants of those ancestors gradually reduced the size of their hips and back limbs Which of the following is the best explanation of how natural selection can account for this loss C A The hips and back limbs became smaller because their presence made no difference to the fitness of individuals B The hips and back limbs stopped being used when whales swam As a result of that disuse they became smaller and eventually disappeared C The hips and back limbs of individual whales became smaller in response to the need to pursue fish and other marine prey D The ancestors of whales experienced harmful mutations which caused the loss of their hips and back limbs E Among the whales and their recent ancestors larger hip and back limb size reduced reproductive success GBDECAF a FAB CE D b ABCED BEDC d Above are 4 phylogenetic trees Which of the following statements best describes them A Trees a b and d show the same relationships c is different B All four trees show the exact same relationships C All four trees show completely different evolutionary relationships D Trees a c and d show the same relationships b is different E Trees a and d show the same relationships b and c are different In stabilizing selection we see a change in the distribution of a trait that is characterized by A A shift towards whichever allele is rare The loss of individuals with an average phenotype An increase or decrease in the mean of a population trait The maintenance of multiple discrete phenotypes The loss of extremes of a trait in a population

its correct describes the role of searching time in optimal diet theory Assume the foraging predator can choose from a high value prey A and low value prey B A and B occur at different frequencies in the environment so it may take different average times to find the next A or B item a Predators will only feed on A regardless of search time b If it takes too long to search for A predators may switch to eating only B instead I

5 Juvenile baboons spend time babysitting younger baby baboons in their troop This behavior comes at a cost lost time foraging or watching out for predators Which of the following possible explanations describes a byproduct benefit of this cooperative behavior a Babysitting improves offspring survival leading to a larger troop and all baboons have better survival in large troops b Baboons only babysit their siblings nieces and nephews c Juveniles are more likely to help babysit for parents who babysat for them when they were younger d Adult baboons withhold food from juveniles who don t babysit

2 Male hummingbirds defend feeding territories of nectar bearing flowers The plot below shows the energetic benefit of territories of varying size in two different habitats A and B along with the cost of defending those territories dashed line In which habitat would you expect hummingbirds to defend larger territories a A b B c Equal size territories in both d Cannot tell from the information provided Cost or benefit Territory size cost A B

oose the correct an The government may place all of these restrictions on assemblies except for content O time O place O manner

Which among the following wars were necessary that established a military tribunal A The Civil War B World War II C The Mexican American War O A and Conly OB and Conly O A and B only O A B and C

Term Declaration of Independence Great Compromise 3 5 Compromise Articles of Confederation Constitutional Article 1 Definition Image Sentenc

of factors abiotic factors and biotic factors Both types contribute to the type and number of organisms living things which can inhabit an ecosystem But what is the difference between them The term biotic means living or having lived Biotic factors are basically organisms and the remains of organisms Examples of biotic factors would include a frog a leaf a dead tree or a piece of wood The term abiotic means non living or never having lived abiotic factors are non living non cellular and inorganic materials which contribute to an environment Examples of abiotic factors would include gold rock bicycle brick and cement Both types of factors affect the types of organisms that exist in an environment For instance in the desert the lack of water an abiotic factor prevents the existence of most trees which need steady rainfall On the other hand the numerous rodents mice etc which live in the desert a biotic factor enable a population of predatory coyotes to survive in this harsh climate Comprehension Questions 1 According to the text what is an abiotic factor 2 According to the text what is a biotic factor 3 Based on the definitions above identify each of the following as biotic B or abiotic A The sand in a desert Pollen from a plant The bacteria in a lake Pollution from an oil refinery 4 Explain why a dead tree would still be a biotic factor even though it is no longer alive 5 Predict One ecosystem that has been studied a great deal in recent years is a coral reef an undersea ecosyste rich in marine animals living in or around tropical corals Name one abiotic and one biotic factor present in cor ho picture above

Resource partitioning enables species that are better competitors to exclude similar species from a community 1 True O2 False

Regional differences in the Submit Q5 9 A person who is hetero community where no one pre against tuberculosis the sam happen to the frequency of th

Question 6 1 point The organisms below are

http www ei lehigh edu learners cc geologictimeline html Complete the activity to compare the average global temperature average global carbon dioxide concentration and global ice cover for each time period listed In the table below record the Average Global Temperature Average Global CO2 Concentration and Global Ice Cover for each time period listed Year Avg Global Temperature C Avg Global CO2 Concentration ppm 715Ma 540 Ma 300Ma 12 350 100Ma 2Ma 50Ka 10Ka 1880 2010

What are some key advantages of using nuclear power to generate energy Select all that may apply Very powerful compared to other types of power Simple to maintain and operate Compact waste product Essentially zero carbon emissions Inexpensive to build the nuclear power plant

What is the advantage s of using biofuels to update our current system of transportation Select all that may apply Biofuels are the least expensive option to replace petroleum Biofuels can be used in combustion engines Biofuels are expensive and will make energy companies a lot of money Biofuels work most similarly to petroleum based fuels

The evolution of organisms that use oxygen in their respiration was possible only because of the action of a group of bacteria that produced oxygen and changed the Earth s atmosphere from an anoxic one to one rich in oxygen That group of bacteria was 1 actinobacteria 2 Staphylococcus 3 proteobacteria 4 spirochaetes 5

235 depers WE Describe do not just list the factors that affect energy storage and redistribution 1 2 3

The grizzly bear feeds on salmon that migrate upriver from the ocean during the spawning season These fish are rich in carbon nitrogen and sulfur The bears leave half eaten fish and nutrient rich feces on the forest floor Due to its role in this ecosystem the grizzly bear would be classified as a Okeystone species foundation species O endangered species dominant species

Please match the types of biodiversity with the best definition variety of habitats communities and ecological processes in the biosphere total of all different forms of genetic information carried by organisms within a species number of different types of speciesin the biosphere or particular area Choose Choose ecosystem diversity genetic diversity species diversity Choose V

In the poem Answer to A Child s Question by Samuel Coleridge explain why you think the speaker draws connections between nature and love In the poem Answer to A Child s Question by Samuel Coleridge what does the question in line 1 contribute to the overall meaning of the poem

The Carboniferous Period is known for 1 the formation of rich coal deposits 2 the appearance of the first true mammals 3 the first examples of terrestrial gymnosperms 4 a rapid increase in the diversity of marine invertebrates 5 the appearance of the first angiosperms

Which situation would be most likely to form a fossil under normal environmental conditions 1 An elephant that died at the edge of a waterhole 2 A slug that died in leaf litter 3 A bird that died and fell to the forest floor 4 A jellyfish that died in an estuary

SB5 b Which statement correctly describes the transfer of energy between the blue arrows O There is twice the gain of energy O There is a gain in energy O There is no change in energy There is a loss of energy

SB5 b web Hawk Tree Which statement describes the relationship between the deer and plants on the food Frop Snake Insect Lizard Decomposer 17 Fish Bear Autotrophs supply food for the heterotrophs Deer O Autotrophs and heterotrophs share the same food source O Autotrophs and heterotrophs compete for the same food source O Heterotrophs supply food for the autotrophs Wolf Plants

9 Submit Darwinian Snails All finches in each new generation develo Q6 5 Could individuals of a species look d many generations ago Why or why not Yes all individuals can change a little and Yes some individuals can change a little

Match the indicated horizons with the components that make it up 3 4 1 21 2 3 Topsoil Organic matter mixed with weathered rock particles Subsoil Tiny rock particles Bedrock Unweathered solid rock Parent material Rock that has undergone very little weathering

Match each characteristic with the type of soil it describes You may use each choice more than once Ideal for farming Moderate water retention rate Soil drying due to rapid percolation rate Heavy leaching of nutrients Slow percolation rate becomes waterlogged Loam Sand Clay

What methods do modern farmers use to nutrients in the soil preserve restore Select all that may apply Terracing and windbreaks are are used to alter the environment Integrating animals as part of the nutrient cycle Adding ample commercialized intensive fertilizers Allowing soil to rest for at least one growing season

Biomass can be chemically biofuel or it can be A created B burned C generated D combined converted to directly

d Natural fluctuations of Earth e elimate 11 Which type of species will be more greatly affe a Specialist species b Generalist species e Apex predatore d Keystone species 12 Cockroaches are a universal species They a capable of surviving some of the greatest distu wide variety of food sources and reproduce ra or generalist and how you kn a Specialist the b c Generalist the Specialist the

0 0 2 0 8 1 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 0 387 0 397 0 397 0 463 0 552 0 5 0 469 0 503 0 51 0 513 0 552 0 359 0 888 0 972 0 895 1 228 1 302 1 351 Avg abs

Climate Savanna Year round warm temperatures at least 2 meters of rain per year Warm year round dry seasons that span about half the year heavy precipitation during wet season Driest of all biomes receiving fewer than 25 centimeters of rain each year hot during the day and cool at night Heavy rainfall and year round moderate temperatures Precipitation spread relatively evenly throughout the year temperatures ranging from quite hot to very cold Temperatures more extreme than in temperate forest moderate seasonal precipitation 1 point Less rain than in tropical dry forest but more rain than deserts cooler during dry season Mild wet winters and warm dry summers with prolonged periods of hot temperatures and dry conditions Strong seasonal variation in day length temperature and precipitation long cold winters and short cool summers Nearly as dry as a desert extremely cold dark winters and moderately cool summers

What is the mass of one uranium pellet O 7 grams O 70 grams O 500 grams O 50 grams

Podos measured finch beak depth and correlated this with characteristics of their songs Using the figure below what species of bird with a vocal constraint between 2 and 3 has the largest beak depth Boak daph pr O1 G scandens O2 G magnirostris 3 C pallidus 4 C psittacula 5 G fortis

What key property of water is demonstrated by the fact that organisms such as fish survive at the bottom of ponds through even a harsh winter O Solid water has a lower density compared to liquid water O Water provides organisms with the opportunity for evaporative cooling Water is a polar molecule O Water molecules tend to stick together due to cohesion

Humans depend on Earth s environment for food water shelter and air True False

Large population of people tended to settle permanently near the shoreline Why Select all choices that apply Fish was a major food source Fish don t tend to eat you I don t know Real estate was prettier

What human activities have changed the biosphere of Planet Earth Industry Agriculture Exploration Hunting and gathering Urban development 000

Which of the following effects can occur because of the high surface tension of water O A leaf can float on the surface of a lake O Organisms can resist temperature changes although they give off heat due to chemical reactions O Sweat can evaporate from the skin helping to keep people from overheating O Lakes cannot freeze solid in winter despite low temperatures Question 38 The element present in all organic molecules is O carbon Ohydrogen

Question 26 Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves with the raindrops The pH of raindrops is O same as pure water O depends on the altitude where rain drops are formed O slightly acidic

following countries and their roles in the Cold War Ching Hungary Egypt Poland France United Kingdom 1 During the Cold War which nations were allied with the United States the Soviet Union or not aligned at all 2 Why do you think the leaders of those nations make the decision they did regarding their Cold War alliances 3 Did any of the nations change their allegiance during the Cold War If not should any nation have 4 How did the allegiances impact the Cold War

Use your observations on the microscopic level in The Greenhouse Effect simulation to explain your macroscopic observations in the Glaciers simulation What connections can you make The relationship between the microscopic results of the Greenhouse Effect Simulation to the macroscopic results of the Glacier Simulation are Evidence I have for this is

3 Bioremediation is A the use of bacteria to degrade organic matter in sewage B the process by which bacteria are used as a remedy for diseases example production of insulin to treat diabetes C the use of bacteria to detoxify pollutants such as oil or radioactive waste D all of the above E none of the above

SB6 b Relative Frequency The Effect of Disruptive Selection on a Population of Moths Smaller Larger Wing Size Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that produces O individuals at different developmental stages in a population O two or more groups with different traits in a population O individuals of different sexes in a population one group with similar traits in a population Key Population after selection Original population

Sun s energy Beetles Glacier National Park Food Web Plants seeds needles and leaf litter Spiders Carnivores Carnivores Herbivores Shrews Spruce grouses Mice Producers 7 Explain why the diagram below does not represent a sustainable energy pyramid in an ecosystem Red foxes Weasels Source www nps gov

he island the rats landed on is tropical in nature The island receives over 2000 mm of rain per year and often floods It has an average daily temperature of 28 C It is hot and humid There are no seasons on the island The island has many species of small amphibians this becomes their main pod source Some of the amphibians are poisonous During the day ball pythons are often seen 1 Use the information above to draw a sketch of your island Label important characteristics such as food sources predators prey habitat features etc

In this study Head turns is the number of times a penguin turns its head back and forth when approached by a human and is used as an index of a penguin s response to human presence Tourist refers to penguins that nest in an area that is highly visited by tourists Undisturbed refers to penguins that nest in an area that is not visited by tourists Plasma corticosterone is a measure of the amount of circulating corticosterone in response to capture and restraint which is used to induce a stress response ACTH refers to penguins that were injected with adrenocorticotropic hormone to measure the functional capacity of the HPA axis Saline refers to penguins that were injected with a saline solution as a control Head turns 200 150 100 50 a Tourist 91 a 10 day 1 day 5 day Undisturbed of Behavioral response Figure 1 Magellanic penguins to human presence Head turns in response to 15 minutes of human presence in both tourist areas n 10 11 and undisturbed areas n Undisturbed areas were visited a total of three times on day 1 day 5 and day 10 Data are shown as mean values and error bars represent 1 standard error Bars with the same letter above them indicate statistical similarity between groups p 0 05 Walker et al 2006 1 Compare the effect of human presence on the two types of penguins shown in Figure 1 penguins nesting in tourist areas and penguins nesting in undisturbed areas a 1 point Which type of penguin tourist undisturbed or neither has a higher behavioral response to humans b 1 point Which of the following best summarizes the general effect of human presence on the behavioral response of Magellanic penguins Circle one A Undisturbed penguins have a higher behavioral response than tourist penguins no matter the amount of time that has passed B Undisturbed penguins have a higher behavioral response than tourist penguins initially but this response gets smaller over time and is not significantly different after 10 days C Undisturbed penguins have a higher behavioral response than tourist penguins initially but this response gets smaller over time and is not significantly different after 5 days D There is no significant difference in behavioral response between undisturbed and tourist penguins