Ecology - Organisms & Population Questions and Answers

What type of impact from humans does this photo show that relates to the high extinction rate that we see today O climate change O pollution O invasive species O over harvesting habitat destruction

It is estimated that a flock of wood buffalo crane should be able to sustain an r of 0 085 for the foreseeable future If the flock currently contains 350 individuals how long will it take for that population to double 2 9 years 2 10 years 7 years 8 years It will never reach double population size

Hans Rosling talks about peak child in his presentation Don t panic What doe this term peak child refer to Minimum child per family O Healthy robust and educated children per family Two child per family No child per family Maximum children per family

A Retake question 500 8 C B 100 2050 projections 2000 data 65 2050 projections 60 55 50 45 2000 data 40 35 35 30 30 25 25 20 20 15 15 10 females Males 10 Femiles S S 0 O 100 0 100 200 400 500 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 100 95 2000 data D 75 2000 data 6 60 70 2050 projections 70 65 60 55 55 projections 50 50 45 45 40 40 35 35 10 30 25 25 20 20 15 15 10 Females Males 10 S 0 300 200 100 200 300 Females 300 200 100 0 200 300 Males Based on the diagrams in the figure which graph best reflects U S population 150

Flycatcher birds that migrate from Africa to Europe feed their nestlings a diet that is almost exclusively moth caterpillars The graph below shows the mean dates of arrival bird hatching and peak caterpillar season for the years 1980 and 2000 1980 125 April I peak bird arrival 13 June former peak bird hatching 2000 and caterpillar season May 25 new peak bird hatching May 15 new peak caterpillar season 1 April 1 May 1 June The shift in the peak of caterpillar season is most likely due to

Reactions to this current discussion on LOANS affecting parents retirement trajectory Would you do this for your child Whatever you answer give an explanation https www youtube com watch v VKrJXEOKY O

Which of the following is an example of an autotroph tree dog bird elephant Which statement about species diversity is true 1 point 1 point The greatest species diversity exists in ecosystems with many different species that each have small populations The greatest species diversity exists in ecosystems with many different species that each have large populations The greatest species diversity exists in ecosystems with fewer types of species that each have small populations O The greatest species diversity exists in ecosystems with fewer types of species that each have large populations

Recombination frequencies can be easily calculated by adding the number of offspring that are different from the parents then dividing by the total number of offspring Let s say you are studying fruit flies and you cross a wild type grey female with a vestigial black male The F offspring are as follows 650 wild type grey 595 vestigial black 107 wild type black and 91 vestigial grey What is the recombination frequency between the genes for wing type and body color

1 Use the information found in module three to help you complete this assignment Inform asked to read the lecture video or the links that are provided in the question There is no time limit and you have two attempts You score is the average of the two attem 2 1 point Molecules that contain a carbon based backbone are likely organic False O True 1 point

Figure 5 Ebola virus entry An animation of this process can be found at http makeagif com i MKqWnP Cell Surface Virus Key FL GP timer 19 4Da GP timer RNA Genome Ribonucleocapsid H C C Cell Key Viral Receptor Low pH Inactive Cat B Active Cat B Inactive Cat L Active Cat L NPC1 HH Early Endosome H HIIR H HIIH Cathepsins B and L H Ha He H Ho He H H H HIK Late Endosome Lysosome H He He

erg law is a logical consequence of Mendel s first law of segregation and expresses the tendency toward equilibrium inherent in Mendelian heredity Let us select for our example a population having a single locus bearing just two alleles T and 1 The phenotypic expression of this gene might be for example the ability to taste a chemical compound called phenylthiocarba mide Individuals in the population will be of three genotypes for this locus T T T t both tasters and t t nontasters In a sample of 100 individuals let us suppose that we have 20 of T T genotype 40 of T t genotype and 40 of t t genotype We could then make a table showing the allelic frequencies remember that every individual has two copies of the gene Genotype T T T V 1 Total Number of Individuals 20 40 40 100 Sperm T 0 4 t 0 6 Copies of the T Allele 40 T 0 4 TIT 0 16 Tit 0 24 40 0 80 Of the 200 copies the proportion of the T allele is 80 200 0 4 40 and the proportion of the r allele is 120 200 0 6 60 It is customary to use p and q to represent the two allelic frequencies The genetically dominant allele is represented by p and the genetically recessive by q Thus p frequency of T 0 4 q frequency of t 0 6 Therefore p q 1 Ova Having calculated allelic frequencies in the sample let us determine whether these frequencies will change spontaneously in a new genera tion of the population Assuming that mating is random gametes are sampled independently in pairs each individual contributes an equal number of gametes to the common pool from which the next genera tion is formed Frequencies of gametes in the pool then equal the al lelic frequencies in the sample 40 of the gametes are T and 60 are t ratio of 0 4 0 6 Both ova and sperm of course show the same frequen cies The next generation is formed Copies of the t Allele 0 40 80 120 t 0 6 T t 0 24 t t 0 36 Collecting genotypes we have frequency of T T 0 16 frequency of T t 0 48 frequency of t t 0 36 Next we determine the values of p and q from the randomly mated pop ulations From the table above we see that the frequency of T is the sum of genotypes T T which is 0 16 and one half of the genotype T t which genotypes is 0 24 T p 0 16 5 0 48 0 4 Similarly the frequency of t is the sum of genotypes t t which is 0 36 and one half the genotype T t which is 0 24 t q 0 36 5 0 48 0 6 The new generation bears exactly the same allelic frequencies as the parent population Note that there has been no increase in the frequency of the genetically dominant allele T Thus in a freely interbreeding sexually reproducing population the frequency of each allele would re main constant generation after generation in the absence of natural se lection migration recurring mutation and genetic drift see text A mathematically minded reader should recognize that the genotype fre quencies T T T t and t t are actually a binomial expansion of p q p q p 2pq q 1 Note that the equilibrium calculations give expected frequencies which are unlikely to be realized exactly in a population of finite size For this reason finite population size is a cause of evolutionary change Most genes have more than just a single pair of alleles especially when we measure genetic variation at the DNA sequence level The bi nomial expansion shown above can be used for any number of alleles Suppose that we have three alleles T T2 T3 whose frequencies are denoted p q and r respectively We now have six possible genotypes with the following Hardy Weinberg equilibrium frequencies TT TT TT TT3 T2 T3 T3 T3 p q r p 2pq q 2pr 2gr As the number of alleles at a gene increases the proportion of the popu lation having heterozygous genotypes also increases

Match the explanation for the origins of fossils with the correct description neoplatonism organic origin scala naturae the vis plastica force shapes f Choose Choose the vis plastica force shapes fossils in stone according to abstract plans fossils are the remains of once living creatures

Match the scientist with their important contribution to the science of paleontology Nicklaus Steno 1600s Georges Cuvier 1800s recognized that the earth has established extinction as a rea V V

13 Tusklessness Explain how humans can be a selective pressure that changes animal populations

1 Food web food chain explain how human activities can affect a food web or food chain

7 Jarek has heard from different villages and organizations the methods used to help solve their food problem Based on the food recovery hierarchy which strategy is the most preferred to impact world hunger to the greatest degree O a industrial uses using oils and fats for fuel O b feeding hungry people donating to food banks O c feeding domestic animals with food scraps O d composting making nutrient rich soil O e source reduction reducing food waste

What natural elements does this creation myth attempt to explain Check a the ocean land the universe crops people RETRY

What direct impact do introduced species have on an ecosystem A B D Decrease in the amount of pollutants Prey on or crowd out native species causing a decline in population numbers Increase the carrying capacity of an ecosystem for native species Increase the rate of biomagnification caused by pollutants

Which of the following is not directly part of a person s ecological footprint A B Oc C The amount of food and water consumed Transportation and energy needs The amount of children a person contributes to the growing population Amount of waste produced

Kin Selection is the idea that O cooperation is limited to potential mates O mating with related individuals will be selected against Okin fruits are more colorful and thus color vision was naturally selected for O relatives and kin will be treated preferentially thus potentially helping to pass on shared genes

As an electron moves closer to oxygen in the electron transport system the electron s free energy increal es stays the same equilibrates

Use the following diagram to match the questions to the correct answers Oxidation Fermentation Test Procedure Source Biolife E Which test supports positive facultative anaerobic utilization of dextrose Which test tube is negative for fermentation of dextrose Which test tube pair is indicative of non saccharolytic capabilities What pH reagent is added to the O F test media Choose Methyl Red Green tube with oil Bromothymol blue Yellow O F tube without oil only Green tube with oil and blue tube without oil Yellow O F tube with and w o oil Phenol Red Choose

Depth m 1 000 2 000 A chemist is studying dissolved gases in the ocean She graphs her data as shown below 3 000 4 4 000 Lessons 0 1 Dissolved Gasses in the Ocean CO 44 0 2 Assessments 3 2015 science kennesaw edu 4 CO 5 46 48 50 52 Concentration ml l Gradebook 6 4 000 8 000 12 000 Email 21 Depth ft Tools Explain the trend shown in dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide versus depth and then predict where organisms that rely on high oxygen concentra

characteristics

Give an example of how technology has influenced human population growth

The wave length of a wave is a The distance between disturbances b How large is the disturbance c How destructive the wave will be d The waves frequency

The recessive alleles for mahogany eyes m and ebony body e identify two autosomal genes on the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster When females heterozygous for these genes were crossed with mahogany eyed ebony bodied males the following classes and numbers of progeny out of 1000 were obtained mahogany eyes ebony body 319 mahogany eyes wild type body color 176 What is the distanced between the m and eb genes Wild type eye color wild type body color 311 Wild type eye color ebony body 194 19 4 map units 31 1 map units 31 9 map units

Cytoskeletal elements are found in O b archaea a bacteria c eukaryotes e a b and c d b and c only

The accompanying data represent the monthly rate of return of a certain company s common stock for the past few years Complete parts a and b below Click the icon to view the data table a Determine and interpret the quartiles The first quartile is Q Round to four decimal places as needed The second quartile is Q Round to four decimal places as needed The third quartile is Q3 Round to four decimal places as needed Interpret the quartiles Choose the correct answer below OA The first quartile is the lower bound of plausible monthly returns and the third quartile is the upper bound of plausible monthly returns Any monthly returns outside of these bounds are outliers The second quartile represents the most common monthly return OB The first quartile is one standard deviation below the mean or average monthly return the second quartile is the mean and the third quartile is one standard deviation above the mean OC Of the monthly returns 25 are less than or equal to the first quartile 50 are less than or equal to the second quartile and 75 are less than or equal to the third quartile O D All monthly returns within one standard deviation of the mean are contained in the first quartile all monthly returns within two standard deviations of the mean are contained in the second quartile and all monthly returns within three standard deviations of the mean are contained in the third quartile b Check the data set for outliers Select the correct choice below and if necessary fill in the answer box to complete your choice OA The outlier s is are Type an integer or a decimal Do not round Use a comma to separate answers as needed

1 Genetic Engineering Here s an idea for treating advanced melanoma the most serious kind of skin cancer genetically engineer white blood cells to better recognize and destroy cancer cells then infuse these cells into patients The subjects in a small initial study of this approach were 11 patients whose melanoma had not responded to existing treatments One outcome of this experiment was measured by a test for the presence of cells that trigger an immune response in the body and so may help fight cancer The mean counts of active cells per 100 000 cells for the 11 subjects were 3 8 before infusion and 160 2 after infusion Is each of the boldface numbers a parameter or a statistic

Question 12 Match the column of the bacterial example to its importance in bioremediation Alcanivorax borkumensis Genera Pseudomonas Genera Rhodococcus 0 25 pts Choose Choose Degrade aromatic compounds found in oil into carbon dioxide Their surfactants solubilize hydrophobic substances in oil to access degradation by other microb Degrade HUB harmful algal blooms to remove the water toxicity

Question 10 What one carbon molecule is produced when carbon dioxide is used as the final electron acceptor in anaerobic environments Methane Methanogens Methanogenesis 0 0 25 pts Carbon dioxide gas

To evaluate the competence of your bacteria you did a transformation using 0 01 ng of DNA If 1 10 of the transformed cells were plated on the LB agar plate and 350 colonies were observed after an overnight incubation at 37 C what is the competence of your competent cells 3 5x103 colony forming units ug 3 5x104 colony forming units ug 3 5x105 colony forming units ug 3 5x106 colony forming units ug 3 5x108 colony forming units g

connecting 5 You visit a florist to buy a flower arrangement For every 3 pink flowers the places in a vase he puts in 7 white flowers a Does the relationship between pink and white flowers represent a constant rate relationship Explain why or why not b Is the relationship between pink and white flowers an example of direct variation How do you know c What is the constant rate of change between pink and white flowers in the arrangement 1 If you plotted the points given by pink flowers white flowers on a coordinate plane and connected those points what would the shape of the graph be

1 A population of organisms will only grow exponentially if A resources are unlimited C resources are limited B they emigrate often D they do not compete

A single gene test cross is conducted to determine the genotype of a pea plant that shows the dominant phenotype for seed shape R round r wrinkled If all offspring of the cross show the dominant phenotype then the genotype of the unknown parent is most likely RR

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evelop a 700 to 1 050 word evidence report in hich you Include a summary of your chosen health care environment including the type of facility the type of patients and the facility size Describe 3 quality standards that align with your chosen agency organization Describe how each quality standard aligns to 1 of the domains of health Explain how each quality standard is measured for effectiveness Detail how at least 2 key quality drivers affect the quality improvement process Analyze how pursuing meeting each standard improves patient safety and quality health care

find any channel proteins specific of ATP you find that the organism can still transport potassium However you also Na is also moved out of the cell at this time and there is usually a high concentration of sodium ifl cell What is the mechanism of potassium transport in this bacterium 3 pts A Group translocation B Diffusion C Symport Antiport 10 You have isolated a bacterium from the rumen of a cow and wish to know how it transports glucose into the organism is grown in media in the presence and absence of inhibitors of ABC transporters The the cell You perform an experiment that shows uptake of radioactively labeled glucose is equal when concentrations of major ions such as potassium and sodium do not change in concentration inside the cell as glucose is taken up You know that the concentration of glucose is low in the environment and so is higher in the cell than in the environment What is the mechanism of glucose transport in this cell 3 pts A Group translocation B Diffusion 11 You are studying gut microbes and have several in culture Your first step in characterizing these microbes indicate most have two lipid bilayer membranes separated by peptidoglycan There are also porin A Gram negative B Gram positive C Archaea D Mycobacteria C Antiporter D ABC transporter 12 You are studying life forms in extreme environments and you have discovered a microorganism with cardiolipin hopanoids and ester linkages in the membrane It also has teichoic acids galactans and phenolic glycolipids in the cell wall In addition it has a porin similar to OmpA This microorganism is most likely a type of 2 pts A Mycobacteria B Gram positive C Gram negative D Archaea 13 You have isolated two novel archaea that you name M tardis and M palustre Both have a proteinaceous S layer and no pseudomurein cell wall Based on your knowledge of Gram staining predict how these microbes will stain and for which type of bacteria they might get confused 2 pts A Pink and Gram positive B Pink and Gram negative e Purple and Gram positive D Purple and Gram negative 14 In order for septation to occur which process must finish first 2 pts A Transcription B Translation C DNA Replication D Cell Wall Synthesis

The phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged as a bilayer because 000 the phospholipids are hydrophobic the phospholipid tails are hydrophilic whereas the heads are hydrophobic the phospholipids are hydrophilic the phospholipid heads are hydrophilic whereas the tails are hydrophobic

Question 16 of 25 16 This road sign means ONE WAY No right turn Drive only in the direction of the arrow

The pH in a lake is 6 what is the concentration of hydrogen ions 06 none of the choices are correct 0 000001 O 10 8

Iron Fe Chloride CI Zinc Zn Oxygen O Magnesium Mg Sodium Na One of the 4 most common 1 3 Present in trace amounts only 2 3 Not one of common 3

Sauved Organism name Krill Phytoplankton Sperm whales Killer whales Storm petrel King penguins Royal penguins Crabeater seals Directions Fill in the empty boxes of the table below and draw the food web and trophic pyramd based on the information gathered in the table Include the sun in your food web the sun gives off 500 000 units of light radiant energy May need to draw the food web first to figure out the trophic levels and energy at each level Fish Squid Crab Weddell seal Leopard seal 2 3 What it eats Highest trophic levels are at the top Arrows point from the eaten to the eater depicts the transfer of energy from the body of the food to the consumer Phytoplankton Photosynthesis Penguins squid seals Penguins seals Krill Squid fish Squid fish Krill Krill phytoplankton Phytoplankton krill Krill squid fish Krill penguins Trophic level s Primary consumer Producer Secondary or tertiary Energy stored 13 513 00 units Draw your food web diagram in the space below or on the back page wwyou trophic pyramid

Match the objective to this paragraph Gloves can be of several different materials such as nitrile or latex Each material is resistant to some classes of chemicals but not to others Gloves must be chosen by considering the chemicals used in a particular experiment especially organic solvents Sometimes very heavy protective gloves must be used when working with corrosives such as a base bath 1 Differentiate between hazard and risk 3 State the general effects that corrosives have on the skin 4 State the general hazards associated with flammables commonly used in the laboratory 6 Explain the statement The dose makes the poison 7 Explain why reducing the scale reduces the risk 50 Describe the various types of eye protection and the specific protection that each provides 51 Describe and discuss skin protection measures e g clothing gloves tools 52 Describe the appropriate materials and construction for a laboratory coat 53 Explain why glove material and construction must be considered when selecting proper PPE 55 Select and wear appropriate PPE while in the laboratory

Dr Red studies how Millenial and Generation X workers differ in their approach to the office finding that even with similar job responsibilities Gen X workers prefer to tackle their projects alone without interference while Millenial workers prefer more collaboration this is actually a thing you can Google it This finding reflects the lifespan perspective principle of plasticity multidisciplinary study historical and cultural embeddedness multi directions

Dr Lamp s philosophy on development includes the notion that children are basically little blobs of clay that you can shape into whatever you want them to be when they grow up which was a primary belief of John Locke Arnold Gesell

Which of the following is true of the evolution of animal phyla and animal body plans The majority of animal body plans and phyla evolved over a comparatively short timespan in the Cretaceous period around 200 million years ago in an event paleontologists call the Cretaceous Explosion Animal body plans show a slow but constant progression with new body plans and new phyla evolving since the Proterozoic Era 2 5 billion years ago until relative recent times Animal body plans and phyla diversified during the Jurassic period and through the Cretaceous period from around 200 million years ago until 65 million years ago when the Cretaceous Paleogene extinction event halted their progress The majority of animal body plans and phyla evolved over a comparatively short timespan in the Cambrian period around 540 million years ago in an event paleontologists call the Cambrian Explosion 1 point Many protostomes appear quite similar at first glance with several groups exhibiting worm like morphology However this superficial similarity can be misleading as worms are present in both major groups of protostome the lophotrochozoa and the ecdysozoa Which of the following features is most likely to be present in a segmented worm a lophotrochozoan and absent in a round worm an ecdysozoan spiral cleavage during development the blastopore develops into the anus during gastrulation the blastopore develops into the mouth during gastrulation radial cleavage during development 03

6 3 The energy that primary consumers use for metabolism and growth comes directly from which of the following sources O organic compounds synthesized by producers O organic compounds released by decomposers O organic compounds stored in carnivore tissues O organic compounds absorbed from the environment

6 3 Bacteria that live in the digestive systems of cows help break down the 1 point plants that cows eat providing nutrients to cows The digestive systems of cows offer a safe environment in which the bacteria can live and reproduce Which type of relationship exists between the bacteria and the cows O commensalism O mutualism Oparasitism O predation