Evolution Questions and Answers
Biology
EvolutionIn a population with two alleles Fand f the frequency of the Fallele is 0 3 What is the expected frequency of heterozygotes if the population is not evolving a 0 49 O b 0 42 OC 0 09 O d 0 21
Biology
EvolutionPopulations exhibit clumped distributions because a the environment is beneficial for growth Ob it puts potential mates within close range c it provides safety and opportunities for teamwork d all of the above
Biology
EvolutionBatesian mimicry is a defence mechanism where a colouration warns predators that the prey has very effective chemical defences Ob an organism blends into their environment essentially hiding from predators c an organism will turn and fight a predator when cornered d a palatable organism is similar in colouration and markings to an unpalatable one
Biology
EvolutionA high population density puts a population at risk for Competition Disease Accumulation of toxic waste All of the above
Biology
EvolutionPopulation size is generally influenced by Death Rate Birth Rate O Immigration and Emigration All of the above
Biology
EvolutionHomo naledi a recently discovered hominin from South Africa may have been both as recent as 250 000 years ago as well as the first to Ouse fire O deposit their dead Cwalk upright hunt game DETA P CATE ANIM DEEL THAK MICHAE MUNICI BERMIN HUNT HOM
Biology
EvolutionStanley Miller was the first to show that
A amino acids and other organic molecules
could have formed under conditions
thought to resemble those of early Earth.
B the earliest forms of life were
photosynthetic rather than heterotrophic
(obtaining energy from organic sources).
RNA spontaneously assembles from
C) inorganic precursor; thus the earliest
forms of life had an RNA genome.
Biology
EvolutionThe author of Passage 2 suggests that environmental scientists compromise their credibility when they
disguise their personal opinions as scientific consensus
gather the opinions of their fellow scientists
make public announcements
Biology
EvolutionWhich of the following provides evidence that vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor?
Anatomical homologies
Homologies in development and embryology
Genetic homologies in DNA
Biochemical homologies in proteins and others
All of the other answers are correct
Biology
EvolutionPrecambrian time is much larger than the other eras of the geologic time scale. Earth's water, oxygen, and first living organisms originated during this time period. Why do you think it is so much larger than the other eras of the geologic time scale?
Biology
EvolutionHow can there be so many similarities between organisms, but also so many different types of plants, animals, and microorganisms?
Biology
EvolutionExplain how animal limbs, such as wings of a butterfly and a bird, developed similar functions but with different internal structures.
Biology
EvolutionWhich of the following are primate characteristics (select all that apply)?
long life
history nails instead of claws on most digits
side-ways facing eyes
grasping hands & feet
homodont dentition
post-orbital bar/closure
very small brain sizes
Biology
EvolutionThe hypothesis that evolution occurs in "spurts" through geologic time is known as
A. punctuated equilibrium.
B. directional equilibrium.
C. directional evolution.
D. punctuated evolution.
Biology
EvolutionWhy are humans most likely to form communities?
A. To maintain codes of civil human conduct
B. To understand human group behavior
C. To fulfill human needs by working together
D. To safeguard human language and culture
Biology
EvolutionBecause of humans and/or climate change, biologists think we may be on our way to the ______ mass extinction on Earth.
A. 1st
B. 129th
C. 6th
Biology
EvolutionWhich of the following demonstrates the strongest evidence for reproductive isolation between two populations?
A, allopatric distribution
B, a lack of demonstrable gene flow between two sympatric populations
C. sympatric distribution with considerable gene flow between the two populations
D. the inability of a hybrid to reproduce
E, the occurrence of considerable crossing over during meiosis
Biology
EvolutionWhich of the following is NOT a pre-mating isolating mechanism of speciation? 1. Two populations of a species splitting into separate habitats 3.75 points Save Answer 2. Each of two populations of a species start to carry different odors which are offensive to members of the other population. 3. Two populations of one species have evolved separately for generations, but when they are allowed to mingle again, the sperm of one population can no longer penetrate the eggs of the other population. 4. Two fly populations engage in mating behaviors at different times and thus are unlikely to mate with each other.
Biology
EvolutionIf you were a field biologist, and knowing nothing else, you observed a parasite feeding on the body of a larger organism. This singular observation demonstrates co-evolution. True False
Biology
EvolutionOverall, when we consider the number of animal families over time, the trend since the Cambrian until today has been for that number to increase decrease remain constant
Biology
EvolutionLong-term patterns of evolution that lead to speciation are known as:
A. microevolution
B. macroevolution
C. creationism
D. equilibrium
Biology
EvolutionWhich of the following terms describes a diversification of species where unoccupied ecological niches are occupied and many new taxa (clades) evolve and further diversify producing a rise in the number of species over time.
Extinction
Adaptive radiation
Replacement event
Biology
EvolutionIn the case of cichlid fishes' adaptive radiations in separate African Great Lakes, the fact that the same forms have developed separately as a result of these adaptive radiations means that this parallel evolution often leads to Homologous structures Convergent evolution Evolutionary reversal allopatric speciation
Biology
EvolutionWhich of the following are requirements for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium to persist in a population?
A. no mutation can occur
B. no immigration can take place
C. unlimited population size must always be present
D. All of the above
Biology
EvolutionWhich of the following is a misconception about Evolution?
Biological evolution involves change within a population
Natural Selection can be a cause for Evolution
Evolution violates the second law of thermodynamics.
All of the above
Biology
EvolutionA population of toads have been happily living in an isolated swamp for the past hundred years. Scientists have decided to test whether or not this particular specie is limited to only inhabiting this particular ecosystem. After transplantation to a moss-covered forest nearby the toads seem to be surviving and reproducing readily Which of the following could explain why these toads have never before inhabited the forest?
The mobility of the toads and insufficient time did not allow the species to ever encounter this ecosystem.
There is a large geographical barrier prevented the toads from leaving the swamp and entering the forest.
A predator that once preyed upon toads in this forest has now become extinct.
All of the above are possible
Biology
EvolutionOther than natural disasters and large losses of individuals, how could a certain allele be lost from a population?
A. having a large older generation
B. individuals dying or not reproducing
C. the introduction of a new allele
Biology
EvolutionThe Earth first cooled to form solid rock...
6.5 billion years ago
4.5 billion years ago
3.8 billion years ago
3.5 billion years ago
Biology
EvolutionGenetic diversity is is increased by which of the following?
Bottleneck Effect
Mutation
Founder Effect
Genetic Drift
Biology
EvolutionThe best fossilization should occurin what type of environment?
A Forest
A Riverside
A Mountain top
A Desert
Biology
EvolutionDominant and __________ mutations which are beneficial to fitness take the least time to reach fixation within a population.
Additive mutations
Recessive mutations
Frameshift mutations
Substitution Mutations (SNPs)
Biology
EvolutionBoth Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace discovered their ideas on Natural Selection by studying creatures which evolved on islands.
True
False
Biology
EvolutionWhich of the following periods ended with the so-called K-T (65 million years ago) which was responsible for the extinction of almost all Dinosaurs?
Ordovician
Silurian
Permian
Cretaceous
Biology
Evolutionhe Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model states that genotype and allele frequencies for a certain allele will remain constant from one generation to the next..
A. only when the allele is dominant
B. only when the allele is recessive
C. under any conditions
D. under limits and conditions
Biology
EvolutionMonsanto's roundup herbicide has been successful in eliminating all weeds and plants which are not the intended, genetically-engineered, roundup resistant crops (for example: corn) from the fields where the intended crops are grown.
True
False
Biology
EvolutionThe level of heritability and the level of selection on a population are both factors which influence
The level of genetic drift in the population
The level of genetic variability in the population
The relationship between genotype and phenotype in the population
The evolutionary response of that population to that selective pressure.
Biology
EvolutionWhich of the following early naturalists was the first to observe that different layers of sediment (strata) contain distinct groups of fossils?
William Smith
Georges Buffon
Carl Linnaeus
Nicholas Steno
Biology
EvolutionAlexey Kondrashov's deleterious mutation hypothesis suggests that _________ is selectively advantageous because it allows deleterious mutations to be dropped out of a population.
balancing selection
sexual reproduction
disruptive selection
asexual reproduction
Biology
EvolutionIf you contract the disease Malaria from a mosquito bite, chances are you will get sick and die. Those people who are homozygous dominant for this gene (having two copies of the normal / non sickle-cell allele) will get Malaria from such a Malaria carrying mosquito bite, and likely die. Those people that carry two copies of the sickle-cell allele are likely to die young (before having children of their own) because they will experience the sickle cell disease which causes massive vascular failure when their blood oxygen gets lowered, (as it does during strenuous exercise). In parts of the world which have high levels of malaria, (equatorial regions) this recessive, sickle-cell allele experiences
selection because individuals who are heterozygous for it (carriers) won't get Malaria when bitten by a maria carrying mosquito (they are resistant to it), but also do not experience the sickle-cell disease (vascular failure as a result of low blood oxygen).
Directional selection
Stabilizing Selection
Disruptive selection
Additive selection
Biology
EvolutionWhen Darwin returned to England from his voyage aboard the HMS Beagle, he immediately published his book The Origin of Species to beat his competitor Alfred Vallace propose his theoroy of Evolution by means of natural selection.
True
False
Biology
EvolutionHumans, Seals, and bats all have an upper pair of appendages (arms) which contain a first bone projecting from a shoulder/thoracic cage called the humerus, a pair of bones called the radius and ulna following a joint with the humerous. Extending from the joint where the radius and ulna meet extend metacarpals and then phlanges (fingers). The fact that this bone arrangement is similar among these three types of mammals suggests that these features are....
Convergent/Analogous
Homoplasies
Homologous
Reversals
Biology
EvolutionAs Giraffes were evolving, those which could reach leaves higher in trees had a selective advantage, thus eventually the population developed longer necks. This form of
selection is an example of:
A. divergent selection
B. stabilizing selection
C. directional selection
D. more than one of the above
Biology
EvolutionThe global human population has a doubling time of 35 years. Calculate the growth rate. Growth rate = 70/doubling time
A. 3.5% B. 7% C. 5% D. 2%
Biology
Evolution4 points Gluten is a blend of proteins found in wheat, one of the primary products of the Agricultural Revolution which began over 10,000 years ago and that has brought humanity to its current population size. Suppose a particular mutation in gene X confers the ability to tolerate Gluten and thus provided an advantage to populations which had this mutation in their ability to pop the world. What would you expect to find when you look at this mutation and the DNA close to it on that chromosome which contains it in people who have the mutation?
A common and large section of DNA surrounding the mutation will be found in populations which are gluten tolerant, whereas no such common section can be found for those who a not.gluten tolerant. Those who do and don't have the mutation will each have their respective large sections of DNA associated with the presence or the absence of the mutation, respectively.
Every human is different genetically and so no associations can be found between individual mutations and the surrounding DNA in populations which are experiencing such Selective
The individuals which have the mutation will be highly variable in the DNA region surrounding the gluten mutation as a result of the selective force on the mutation.
Biology
EvolutionThe evolution of the venomous bite known to be so common among venomous snakes represents...
A single mutation which resulted in a massive evolutionary leap forward
A complex adaptation
An adaptation which had already been fully assembled in lizards before snakes evolved, which required no further modification
An anomaly which can only be explained via a massive insertion of at least forty fully formed genes simultaneously into the genome of the common ancesto
source outside of but concurrent with the common ancestral population itself.