Evolution Questions and Answers

In undisturbed rock, lower layers are older and upper layers are younger. This principle, called the law of superposition, guides the relative dating of fossils found in different layers. In other cases, however, layers of rock can be overturned and their order from top to bottom reversed. What method can be used to identify the ages of fossils if their positions in the rock layers have been disturbed? Examination of vestigial structures The theory of continental drift Radiometric dating Cytochrome c examination

In a long-term study of a population of gray squirrels, researchers observed that most of the squirrels had gray fur. However, there were some individuals in the population with white fur (albino). Genetic analysis revealed that the albino condition is expressed by individuals who are homozygous recessive (gg). Over a ten-year period, the average frequency of albino squirrels in the population was 0.18. If the population is assumed to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the average frequency of the dominant allele is closest to which of the following? A. 0.42 B. 0.50 C. 0.58 D. 0.75

A biologist observes that a species of stick insects on a remote island has three different color traits, almost equally distributed among the population. One phenotype is dark green, a second is light green, and a third is light green with dark green stripes. Over a decade, the biologist observes that the dark green phenotype becomes the most abundant, making up nearly 70% of the population. Which statement is the best explanation for this phenomenon? A. None of the color characteristics are undergoing selection at the present time. B. A founder effect has resulted in an increase in the numbers of the dark green phenotype. C. The dark green phenotype benefits the insects' survival, making them more likely to reproduce. D. The insects with the dark green color trait have developed an r-selection strategy for survival.

Some individuals of a particular species of sea bird underwent a genetic mutation that resulted in larger beaks. The larger size of beaks helped these birds to break open clams and other mollusks for food. It also helped them defend themselves against predators. After many generations, almost all of the birds in the population had big beaks. For which two reasons did this phenomenon occur? a) natural selection b) mechanical isolation c) prezygotic barriers to reproduction d) high genetic variation in the species

Which of the following statement is true? A) Natural selection only works on non-heritable traits. B) Natural selection works on variation already present in the population. C) Individuals evolve through natural selection. D) Organisms evolve structures that they need to survive. E) None of the answers are correct.

Consider the process of protein synthesis and the fact that the receptor proteins in the dark brown and light brown mice function differently. Make a prediction about what causes this difference in function. Write your prediction(s) here and then return to the Driving Question Board to share with the class.

As the ozone layer gets thinner,________ increase(s). A. cataracts B. heart disease C. kidney disease D. brain cancer

A) Identifying genes like HMGA2 is important, because it is evidence of natural selection. How does it demonstrate that natural selection occurred in Darwin's finches? Scientists observe the frequency of the different forms of the gene and how it changes in response to the environment. Scientists mutate and modify the gene in the lab to see how changes might occur to the organism. Scientists study similar genes that also impact the same traits to see how they work together and influence one another. Scientists identify different forms of the gene in individuals from the same species and observe how it shows up as a trait.

What are the 4 Principles of Natural Selection? Inheritance Fitness Selective Pressures Cloning Variation Crossing Over

According to fossil evidence, the modern horse shared a common ancestor with the Hyracotherium, a dog sized organism. It lived in the rainforest about 60 million years ago. Look at the forefeet of the horse's ancestors over the past 60 million years. What advantage would the modern horse have?

What are the 5 Fingers of Evolution? DNA Adaptation Gene Flow Mutations Non-Random Mating Small Population Amoebas Hair Growth

The Grand Canyon separates the Grey Squirrel on the South Rim from the Kaibab Squirrel on the North Rim. The two squirrels are now different species. This is an example of? Geographic Isolation Acorn Protection Adaptive Radiation

What was the essential experimental difference between the flasks in Pasteur's demonstration of biogenesis? the angle of tilt of the flasks the composition of the nutrient broth the contact of the nutrient broth with air the contact of the broth with microorganisms

Which statement most closely agrees with the theory of evolution by means of natural selection, as explained by Charles Darwin? Only the strongest organisms can survive Humans were created from chimpanzees Organisms better adapted to their immediate environment are most likely to survive and reproduce. Only favorable traits are passed from one generation to the next.

When speciation occurs because gene flow between populations is interrupted because of geographic isolation it is called A. adaptive radiation B. allopatric speciation C. convergent evolution D. sympatric speciation

Proteins that have an evolutionary relationship to one another, and that likely share sequence, structure, and function, are known as For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). TTT Arial

When I look down and see the tiny space between my foot and the line that all of human history, it makes me think this... When I turn and look back at where I started to take my steps which represents all of Earth's history from its creation to when humans first showed up on Earth it makes me think this... If you can, insert the pictures you took in the two boxes below:

Which of the following is the most accepted hypothesis as to why invasive species often take over communities into which they have been introduced? Invasive species are not limited by the predators and agents of disease that have always been in place for the native species. Humans carefully select which species will outcompete nuisance native species. Invasive species are usually bigger than native species and are better at competing for the limited resources of the environment. Invasive species come from geographically isolated regions, so when they are introduced to regions where there is more competition, they thrive.

Which of the following best defines "Homologous Structure"? Structures that are similar in different species because of common ancestry. These structures grow from the same embryonic tissue. Structures in different species that have similar functions but are structurally different. Like the shell of a turtle and shell of an armadillo. A structure that we no longer need but still have because our ancestors had it. Structures in different species that look alike.

If two populations of the same species are separated and stop reproducing with each other, which of the following MUST be true? The two populations will become different species The two populations will become reproductively isolated If new alleles arise through mutation in one of the populations, those alleles will not be transferred to the other population Any mutations that occur in one population will also occur in the other population because the two populations are the same species

Which mechanism moulds adaptations? mutation genetic drift gene flow all the above none of the above

In this situation, what is the adaptive trait? Dark morphology Lighter morphology Both have equal fitness neither is adaptive

Chapter 28 Test: Europe and the Western Hemisphere Since 1945 Imagine that you are a contestant on a popular television quiz show. You are thrilled that the topic is "U.S. Political Leaders, 1945 to the Present" because you just learned about that in your history class. There are five questions in the category and the host will give you the "answer" to each question. You must select the correct entry from the dropdown menu to complete the corresponding "question." Please be sure to answer all five questions before hitting the "Grade It Now" button. Good luck! He was the youngest elected president in United States history, but the optimism of his administration ended tragically with his assassination.

The term "bottleneck effect" refers to: When individuals enter or leave a population The loss of alleles when a population dramatically decreases in size When natural selection changes the makeup of alleles in a population When scientists genetically manipulate organisms to create or remove alleles

Charles Darwin developed the theory of It was a point of contention for fundamentalists in the 1920s. Revolution Origin of Species Evolution Natural Creation

The ostrich and the emu look very similar and live in similar habitats, however they are not very closely related. This is an example of sympatric speciation. exaptation. adaptive radiation. convergent evolution. divergent evolution.

The famous scientist Johnny Nerdelbaum Frink decides to investigate a fly with unusual wings. He crosses a male fly with brown eyes and square wings to a female fly that has red eyes and square wings. The offspring consist of the following: 51 red, square 53 brown, square 18 red, oval 16 brown, oval Knowing nothing else about these flies, what could Frink deduce about the genotypes of the parents?

A/An anatomical structure is one that is present in two different groups of animals or plants due to it having the same ancestral origin even though it now serves different functions. Analogous Adaptive Convergent Synonymous Homologous

is evolution above the Species level while is evolution at or below the Species level. Natural Selection/Genetic Drift Macroevolution/Genetic Drift Macroevolution/Microevolution Genetic Drift/Natural Selection Microevolution/Macroevolution

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck proposed his concept of change via "acquired characteristics". Why is this concept now not accepted among biologists? Lamarck had no knowledge of fossils. Lamarck based their ideas too much on religious doctrine to avoid upsetting the public. Lamarck was unable to communicate with other scientists because he was living in a monastery. Lamarck lacked an understanding of genetic inheritance of traits. Lamarck never published his ideas in his lifetime.

Tall (T allele) is dominant over short (t allele). In a breeding experiment, 25 of the 107 offspring were tt. The parents most likely had the following genotype: TT x Tt Tt x tt Tt x Tt TT x tt Both Answers TTxtt and TTxTt are correct

Which of the following structures are convergent traits? (check any/all that are correct) wings of a butterfly and wings of a dragonfly wings of butterflies and wings of birds cactus spines and blades of grass long insect reaching snout of the egg-laying echidna and the placental giant anteater flippers of dolphins and flippers of fish humerus bone of arm in both gorillas and humans webbed feet in both ducks and otters

Which of the following statements is a scientific hypothesis? A. Increasing my cat's food consumption will result in a 25% increase in her weight B. I will feed my cat more food C. My cat has gained weight; therefore she is eating more food D. My cat likes to eat bacon therefore bacon is good for cats

Mutations are rare genetic changes that can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental depending on an individual's circumstances. A mutation that causes dark-colored fur is good for a rock pocket mouse living on black lava and bad for one living in the sandy desert. True False

Which of the 10 "big ideas" in biology would the following statement or picture be a part of? All living things are made of large amounts of Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen science as a way of knowing matter and energy cellular basis of life structure and function of living things genetics and heredity evolution interdependence in Nature Unity and diversity of life Homeostasis science, Technology and society

Which of the following are true statements regarding children's experience memories? I. Infants as young as two or three months of age begin to form generalized experience memories. II. Young children's generalized memories are based on a series of specific episodes of social interaction. III. It is helpful to allow interactions with one toddler to be dictated by memories of the needs of other toddlers. IV. Toddlers have different experience memories based on their interactions with parents and perhaps with other adults. A. III, IV B. II, IV C. I, II, IV D. I, II, III

Who stated that children demonstrate new intellectual abilities and increasingly complex understanding of the world as they progress through stages of cognitive development? Erikson Piaget Thorndike

Choose the correct option A. Wings of fly and bird are analogous organs B. Boyer and Cohen proposed the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication C. Insulin is produced from the liver D. Both A and C are correct

Angraecoid orchids provide nectar to the African moths. The moths in turn help in pollinating the plant. What type of evolution do these two species follow? A. coevolution B. adaptive evolution C. convergent evolution D. reproductive isolation

What does the letter q stand for in the Hardy-Weinberg equation? A.the frequency of the recessive allele in a population B.the frequency of the dominant allele in a population C.the frequency of the heterozygous dominant genotype D.the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype

Anoles are a family of lizards found throughout the Americas. Green anoles, Anolis carolinensis, are native to a specific area of Florida. In this area, the primary territory of green anoles was once along the ground and in low-level branches. However, the introduction of brown anoles, Anolis sagrei, from Cuba forced green anoles to shift their territory to the tops of trees. The branches at the treetops are smoother and thinner than those close to the ground. Over time, the toe pads of the green anoles have become larger and stickier. What is the best explanation for the change in green anoles' toe pads? A.Some individuals in the green anole population had mutations that helped them survive and reproduce in the new conditions, so their genes were passed on to the next generation. B.The change in conditions caused mutations in green anoles that gave them beneficial traits for survival and reproduction, and those mutations were passed on to the next generation. C.Gene flow between the green and brown anoles provided the green anoles with traits that helped them survive and reproduce, and those traits were passed on to the next generation. D.The feet of the green anoles became larger and stickier as they used them, which helped the green anoles to better survive, reproduce, and pass the trait on to the next generation.

Select the correct text in the passage. Which sentence describes the action of natural selection? An ecosystem contains two types of giraffes, some with short necks and others with long necks. The distribution of this trait is equal among the population. A disease causes low-lying shrubs to die out. The long-necked giraffes can access more food, so they have a better chance of surviving to reproductive age. After several generations, all the giraffes have long necks.

Which of these provides evidence from developmental biology of a shared evolutionary history? A.Both snakes and dogs have pelvic bones even though they are vestigial structures in the snake. B.Both lobsters and frogs go through metamorphosis as a process in their life cycle. C.The DNA sequences of the cytochrome c genes in chimpanzees and spider monkeys are over 90% identical. D.The skeletal structures of a leg of a horse and a flipper of a whale are very similar.

From approximately 240 to 66 million years ago, dinosaurs dominated most of the land habitats on Earth. Around 66 million years ago, most dinosaurs went extinct when an asteroid struck the Earth. Mammals, which were much smaller and lived primarily in underground habitats, were able to avoid extinction. Mammals then underwent an adaptive radiation to develop a wide variety of new species. Which statement best explains why the adaptive radiation of mammals was possible? A. Populations of mammals were able to rapidly increase since the Earth had a single, large habitat after the asteroid hit. B.Mammals were able to diversify to make use of the variety of habitats that were previously occupied by dinosaurs. C. New species were able to form because the change in environmental conditions increased the mutation rate of mammals. D.The loss of predation decreased the rate at which mammals became reproductively isolated from one another.

Approximately 60% of human genes are also found in fruit flies. About 97.5% of human genes are also found in mice. What does this evidence suggest? Mice have had more mutations and recombinations during their evolution than fruit flies. Fruit flies have had more mutations and recombinations during their evolution than mice. Mice and fruit flies share a more recent common ancestor with each other than with humans. Humans and mice share a more recent common ancestor than do humans and fruit flies.

Scientists once believed that modern-day reptiles were the only living descendants of dinosaurs, which were reptiles. Accumulating fossil evidence has now suggested that the most recent dinosaurs gave rise to birds, making birds one of the closest living relatives of dinosaurs. What statement provides the strongest evidence to support the claim that birds evolved from dinosaurs? A Fossils of the winged dinosaur Archaeopteryx show that it had modified scales that produced feathers. B. A fossilized nest of the herbivorous dinosaur Brachiosaurus shows that it laid external eggs. C. A fossilized rib cage of the semi-aquatic dinosaur Spinosaurus shows that it had lungs. D. Fossils of the beaked dinosaur Ankylosaurus show that it had modified scales that produced hard, bony plates.

Researchers have historically considered the human appendix to be a vestigial structure. What evidence, if true, would best disprove this claim? A. The appendix was used to help digest leaves in the ancestors of humans, but it appears to serve no function in modern humans. B. Chimpanzees also have an appendix, and humans and chimpanzees inherited the appendix from the same ancestor. C. Cows have an appendix to help them digest grass, but it evolved independently from the appendix found in humans. D. The human appendix helps to maintain the health of the gut, and arose fairly late in the evolutionary history of mammals.

The ancestors of modern-day fish were vertebrate chordates. Vertebrate chordates are believed to have evolved from invertebrate chordates, which were similar to modern-day tunicates. What change must have occurred during the evolution from invertebrate chordates to vertebrate chordates? A. A backbone evolved to enclose the notochord, which develops from the spinal cord. B. An endoskeleton evolved to enclose the dorsal nerve cord, which develops from the notochord. C. A backbone evolved to enclose the spinal cord, which develops from the dorsal nerve cord. D. An endoskeleton evolved to enclose the spinal cord, which develops from the notochord.

Timothy made the statement that the leg structure of many vertebrate animals can be used to explain their evolutionary ancestry because the number and location of bones is similar. What evidence provides the BEST support for using the bone structure of vertebrate animals in establishing evolutionary ancestry? Molecular evidence because biological molecules can establish evolutionary ancestry. Fossil evidence because fossils show how the bones of vertebrate species share a common ancestor. Biogeographical evidence because geographic distribution of organisms can demonstrate evolutionary relatedness. Comparative evidence because homologies show how similar structures in different organisms can be due to evolutionary relatedness.

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between artificial and natural selection? a. With artificial selection, humans intentionally aim to create certain phenotypes or genotypes, whereas natural selection is not determined by what people want. b. Artificial selection has produced many of the most delicious food items for humans; natural selection has not. c. Natural selection has never been observed but artificial selection has been observed in many species that humans have domesticated. d. Natural selection is limited to morphological traits and artificial selection is not. e. Natural selection works on all species, but artificial selection only applies to laboratory-raised species.