Human Health and Diseases Questions and Answers

Substances that make a food impure and unsuitable for ingestion are a toxins b impurities O c minerals O d residues Oe contaminants

Examples of contaminant minerals include lead mercury and cadmium a True b False

A pathogen is a parasitic microbe 1 True 2 False

QUESTION 5 Which of the following involve s an animal cell engulfing a liquid or solid particle from outside the cell Receptor mediated endocytosis Exocytosis Carrier protein mediated active transport O O Phagocytosis O Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Match the item The belief that humans all had the right to life liberty and property Human Rights Liberalism Republic

In the text Taylor proposes a complementary model of stress response Dickerson and Kemeny s 2004 meta analysis reviews 208 articles examining the stressor cortisol relationship Rather than the singular fight or flight model of primary physiological response to stress Taylor also proposes that women are more likely to tend and befriend Tell us about this theory how physiological processes are involved and how it involves a response that includes social and nurturant behaviors What does the current literature say about this complementary model of stress response

1 From Chapter 1 material describe at least three criteria for a valid scientific research design AND indicate which of the major biological theories covered in the Chapter 1 material is most relevant in this case 4 pts 2 Find an article online regarding controversies surrounding vaccines either for or against and summarize the use of valid scientific evidence You must cite this article see citation guide below so that fellow students or I can view it The article may cite other sources which you should briefly visit to determine whether the citation s is scientifically valid Do they use other techniques besides scientific evidence such as emotional persuasion 5 pts 3 What is herd immunity Whom does it protect Should vaccines be required for healthy people who interact in public spaces e g schools because of herd immunity 3 pts 4 What is your position on the controversy When providing your position on this controversy keep in mind and discuss the proper role of science pp 17 18 in these types of dilemmas However keep in mind that there are other non scientific considerations e g how much should society prioritize individual rights 4 pts 5 Comment on two posts that have been made by your classmates Remember that your comments must be meaningful and respectful You can

Do you consider your family health history such as whether your parents have heart disease diabetes or obesity when making your daily food choices Why or why not

ed and mass e viruses However is viruses and then O 8 Compare and contrast between Pfizer and Moderna vaccines 9 What factors were not taken into consideration when developing the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines

Identify the radioactive element present in the human body O C 12 O C 14 O U 235 O U 238

Which of the following combinations of organisms need high dose radiation O Bacteria and viruses O Higher animals and insects O Viruses and bacterial spores O Insects and viruses

What quantity should be dispensed for this prescription Cyclobenzaprine Sig 10mg QID X 5 DAYS O 40 tabs 20 tabs 10 tabs 5mg Tabs

Which of the following is TRUE about C IV medications O O Must be kept in a locked cabinet Have more abuse potential than C III medications Maximum of 5 refills in 6 months Maximum of 3 refills in 6 months

You are to identify a health behavior of your own that you would like to modify First identify the behavior as well as its antecedents and consequences then propose a theory driven modification program don t forget to tell us the theory Discuss how you would implement the program how to ensure its success and how would you measure the success or lack thereof Discuss the real world challenges that can occur when attempting to modify a health behavior

Which factors would likely help Athena choose not to try drugs tobacco or alcohol Check all that apply communications with her having open and honest parents having friends who encourage her to try just one cigarette seeing her parents model healthy behavior for her and her sister seeing commercials that explain that drinking is really harmless

plant O Potato plants O Avocado plants O Peach trees O Plum trees O Nectarine trees Question 11 Match the two columns regarding virusoids Hepatitis D Hepatitis B Choose Choose 0

component of the cell membrane O True O False Question 7 Viruses can be detected after infection by observing unique cell abnormalities known as Choose the best answer O Cytopathic Effects 0 5 pts Cancerous cells

O Helical complex and icosahedral O Complex and icosahedral O Enveloped and non enveloped Question 3 In zoonoses the viral diseases are transmitted from O an animal to a human Ofrom a human to an animal O from an human to another human

Define the concept of mental disorders in the DSM system and explain how this diagnostic system adheres to the medical model What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the DSM system and how does it guide and influence treatment

Low humidity in the atmosphere on a hot day O helps in cooling because water evaporates from the skin faster O does not help in cooling because water evaporates from the skin faster O does not help in cooling because skin absorbs water from the atmosphere O helps in cooling because skin absorbs water from the atmosphere Question 36 2F If the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH 7 and the mitochondrial matrix is at pH 8 then the concentration of H ions O is 10 times higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix in the cytoplasm is 8 7 the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix Dis 10 times higher in the mitochondrial matrix than in the cytoplasm

Cystic fibrosis is a degenerative disease that causes the progressive breakdown of the myelin sheaths around the axons of neurons Which of the following best describes the likely effect of cystic fibrosis on neuronal function A an inhibition in the release of neurotransmitters at the synaptic terminal B C an inhibition in the generation of action potentials at neuronal dendrites an unstoppable generation of action potential in affected neurons D a decrease in the conduction speed of the action potential along neuronal axons

the body e example of this is prostate cancer The prostate is a gland that often becomes cancerous in men as they age Cancerous prostate cells secrete a prostate specific antigen or PSA A blood te PSA is recommended for men over the age of 50 and is often used as a first warning of possible cancer e way of dealing with prostate cancer is to surgically remove the gland prostatectomy After that has been done there should be no cancer cells left and therefor no PSA found in the blood ce it s hard to get all the cancer cells and some may escape after a prostatectomy regular tests for PSA are done to detect possible presence and growth of cancer cells Another way to loo such metastatic cancer is with an MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging or CT Computerized Tomography scan In this problem we ll estimate which method is more sensitive spherical tumor 3 cm in diameter consisting of prostate cells may result in a PSA blood level of about 20 nanograms milliliter of blood The most common test can only detect the presence of A in the blood if it is greater than about 0 1 ng ml An MRI can detect a cancerous tumor down to about a diameter of 1 mm hich is a more sensitive test for the return of prostate cancer the blood test or an MRI 33 Part a To decide this estimate the diameter in mm of a tumor that would produce a PSA level just less than 0 1 ng ml d sin cotan mm cos asin tan T acos E 4 sinh k 1 7 8 5 2 9 6 3 HOME Grade Summary Deductions Potential 0 100 Submissions Attempts remaining 6 2 per attempt

cancer cells secrete a chemical that circulates in the blood A measure of the amount of that chemical tells the amount of cancer cells in the body One example of this is prostate cancer The prostate is a gland that often becomes cancerous in men as they age Cancerous prostate cells secrete a prostate specific antigen or PSA A blood test for PSA is recommended for men over the age of 50 and is often used as a first warning of possible cancer One way of dealing with prostate cancer is to surgically remove the gland prostatectomy After that has been done there should be no cancer cells left and therefor no PSA found in the blood Since it s hard to get all the cancer cells and some may escape after a prostatectomy regular tests for PSA are done to detect possible presence and growth of cancer cells Another way to look for such metastatic cancer is with an MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging or CT Computerized Tomography scan In this problem we ll estimate which method is more sensitive A spherical tumor 3 cm in diameter consisting of prostate cells may result in a PSA blood level of about 20 nanograms milliliter of blood The most common test can only detect the presence of PSA in the blood if it is greater than about 0 1 ng ml An MRI can detect a cancerous tumor down to about a diameter of 1 mm Which is a more sensitive test for the return of prostate cancer the blood test or an MRI 33 Part a To decide this estimate the diameter in mm of a tumor that would produce a PSA level just less than 0 1 ng ml 33 Part b Would a tumor that produced this undetectable amount of PSA be visible on an MRI Grade 0

During the development process of a vaccine for the newly discovered Sars COV 2 COVID 19 virus pharmaceutical companies developed two potential vaccine candidates BNT162b2 and Ad26 COV2 Some researchers postulated that BNT162b2 will be more ef fective than Ad26 COV2 because only BNT162b2 directly targets the protein manufactur ing mechanisms in the cell To test this claim researchers proposed an experiment in which data will be collected about the efficacy of the two vaccine candidates In the proposed study two groups of mice will be randomly assigned one of the vaccine candidates and then infected with the virus Data about the severity of symptoms in each group will then be collected Which of the following describes a potential method for measuring the dependent variable in this experimental design A B C D measure the time between vaccine administration and virus infection in each group measure the number of patient fatalities following vaccine administration in each group measure the amount of virus administered to each group measure the amount of vaccine administered to each group

Marfan syndrome affects the connective tissue and causes individuals to have long thin arms legs fingers and toes 5 What is the inheritance pattern shown 6 Provide at least one piece of evidence for your claim 7 Consider the children labeled 1 2 3 Would you expect any of these individuals to have children of their own with Marfan Syndrome Explain Como 10 1 2 3 O no

2100 bp 1800 bp 1500 bp 1200 bp 1000 bp 900 bp 800 bp 700 bp 600 bp 517 500 bp 300 bp 14 Antibiotic B Antibiotic A WELL NUMBER Antibiotic D 2 Dr Hincapie recognized that the two larger pieces of DNA 2100 base pairs and 1800 base pairs were from plasmids found in bacteria that cause infections The brightness of a piece of DNA on a gel reveals two things larger pieces of DNA are brighter than smaller pieces and larger amounts of DNA appear brighter than smaller amounts Antibiotic C 4 5 12 points Using the information above determine which bands on the gel most likely contain a gene for resistance to each antibiotic SAMPLE DNA size marker Monday immediately after arriving at the hospital Monday evening just before leaving the hospital Tuesday night after returning to the hospital Thursday evening after being admitted to the hospital Saturday morning bacteria were not resistant to this medication 720 bp this band is brighter than previous sample indicating that a larger amount of this gene is present 720 bp not present until Thursday evening 650 bp not present when arrived at the hospital 0 0

What types of diseases illnesses do antibiotics treat O Common colds O Viral infections O Diseases that develop as a patient ages O Bacterial infections

How does polio affect those who are infected O O It destroys motor neuron cells an affects muscles that control limb movement It damages the tissues within the lungs It compromises the immune system decreasing the body s protection against opportunistic infections

2 poin Where in the world are tuberculosis infections found O O O TB is found primarily in the tropics TB isn t a current health concern TB is found in every country in the world

What organization is primarily responsible for global health O FDA Food and Drug Administration O O OGHS Global Health Society WHO World Health Organization

Malaria is caused by what type of infectious agent O O Bacteria Parasite Virus

What aspects of global health does the World Health Organization focus on Select all that may apply Global access to medicine Public health in specific populations Offering a method of international travel for doctors Identification of causes and risk factors of disease Cost effectiveness for allocating health resources Providing support only for third world countries Research and data to inform policy decisions

2 points 13 EVALI cases have been reported to the CDC from all 50 states the District of Columbia and U S territories What is EVALI O O O Pneumonia caused by the use of cigarettes E cigarette or Vaping Use Associated Lung Injury Equal Valve Assessing Lung Inquiry

How do antiretroviral drugs slow the development of AIDS in those who are infected O O They kill the HIV virus so the patient is no longer infected They alleviate the symptoms of secondary infections They prevent the HIV virus from attaching to cells

What actions have been taken to slow the spread of AIDS Select all that may apply J 0 Testing of blood prior to medical transfusions Education campaigns about safe sex practices Improving water sanitation practices Passing rules about not sharing drinks with friends

Which of the following is a testable hypothesis Select one a Bacteria populations increase with temperature O b Bacteria do not like temperatures above 30 degrees Celsius O c Bacteria are happiest when they are warm Od All of the above are testable

What do the odds ratios demonstrate The disease is strongly associated with Direct contact with recruits at the high school but not at the senior center Direct contact with recruits at the senior center but not at the high school Non 12th graders at the high school Smokers at the senior center who had indirect contact with recruits X

3 points Which of the following best explains why disease is understudied in history according to the host in today s video Ancient societies considered disease a blessing from their deities Early medicine was more effective than the treatments available today Until recently most people didn t know enough about disease to be able to document it Most fatal diseases emerged within the past century

3 points Which epidemiological tool will NOT help you answer the question How are people being exposed to the suspected virus and becoming infected Case control Study Case Definition

Which hypothesis should be given priority in your testing viral respiratory tract infection or bacteria respiratory infection Bacterial respiratory infection Viral respiratory tract infection

Potential Area of Investigation 1 narrow topic Describe what you would like to know more about the topic Why are video games so popular with kids Explain why you are interested in this playing video games can provide you the freedom Express the narrowed topic as a research question

3 List three ways that these cells destroy these invaders STY

Base your answers to questions knowledge of biology Excess body weight is considered to be a risk factor for diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure The Body Mass Index BMI chart below can be used as a guide to determine if a person s body weight puts that person at risk for such diseases BMI Height 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 5 10 5 11 6 0 6 1 6 2 6 3 Healthy 24 19 97 123 100 127 104 131 107 135 25 Body Mass Index BMI Overweight 27 26 28 29 Weight in Pounds 143 148 148 153 153 158 158 163 163 169 128 133 138 132 137 143 136 142 147 141 146 152 110 140 114 144 145 151 157 150 156 162 168 118 148 155 161 167 173 121 153 159 166 172 178 125 158 128 162 132 167 136 172 179 186 174 179 185 164 171 177 184 190 169 176 182 189 174 181 188 195 196 202 208 206 213 219 225 140 177 184 191 144 182 193 200 199 204 210 218 200 208 216 224 232 189 197 212 148 186 194 202 152 192 30 Obese 35 40 153 179 204 158 185 211 164 191 218 169 197 225 174 204 232 180 210 186 216 191 223 45 262 240 270 247 255 197 230 262 203 236 270 209 243 278 215 250 286 230 238 246 254 278 287 295 304 313 322 221 258 294 227 265 302 340 233 272 311 350 240 279 319 359 331 31 Is a person with a BMI of 27 at risk for diseases such as diabetes or high blood pressure A Yes the BMI indicates the person is overweight and is therefore at risk for these diseases No the BMI is not in the obese range so it s fine 32 State whether an individual who is 5 feet 3 inches tall and weighs 146 pounds needs to gain or lose weight in order to be classified as healthy A gain weight B lose weight 33 Calculate the minimum number of pounds that an individual who is 6 feet 3 inches tall and weighs 232 pounds would have to lose to be classified as a healthy individual with a BMI of 24 A 32 lbs B 80 lbs C 40 lbs

Type the correct answer in the box Spell all words correctly Fill in the box with one of the following words bacterial fungal parasitic protozoan viral Sergio observes thickening and discoloration of the nail of the index finger His doctor diagnosed Sergio with a nail infection Sergio is most likely suffering from a an infection

7 Which is a general function of mast cells A Releasing of molecules involved in regulation of local immune response B Releasing of moleculec of the extracellular matrix C Phagocytosis of damaged molecules Phagocytosis of bacteria D llowing are three basic

crophages 7 Which is a general function of mast cells A Releasing of molecules involved in regulation of local immune response B Releasing of moleculec of the extracellular matrix C Phagocytosis of damaged molecules Phagocytosis of bacteria

Name on Paper Jannat to 022 24 MC 1 defines the decoding center of the ribosome of A puromycin B diphtheria toxin C a amanitin D paromomycin E amoxicilli

Poliovirus exploits a goblet cells Ob microvilli Oc regulatory T cells d dendritic cells Oe M cells to establish an infection

If you had a baby with a congenital heart defect and a doctor could remove the gene would you do it to save your baby s life Most people probably would

For this discussion board you will go through the articles below and write a post on your final opinion about Galectin 3 s role in cancer Some articles will present it as a tumor promoting protein while others will show a tumor inhibitory effect from it Your job is to determine how all those articles can be valid while showing opposing effects Make sure you give rationale for your opinions with evidence from the articles you are reading You can earn upto 25 points 10 on it to serve as extra credit