Plant Physiology - General Questions and Answers

learn that heredity does not parents but may resemble some more remote ancestor in all ways For some traits heredity insures that the young will not resemble their Activity Study the figure to the right In the P generation a pure tall plant homozygous dominant 77 is crossed with a pure short plant homozygous recessive tt TT means that the tall plant inherited a gene for tallness 7 from each of its parents The short plant inherited a gene for shortness t from each of its parents In F1 generation you see what happens when TT is crossed with tt All of the offspring get a T gene from one parent and a t gene from the other parent These offspring are all Tt which means that they are heterozygous for height All of these heterozygous plants hybrids are tall as tallness 7 is dominant In F2 generation you see what happens when two heterozygous are crossed Three out of every four plants will appear to be tall and one plant will be short Of the four plants two will be carriers for shortness A B C D E chhe thumo F A Tt is just as tall as a TT A Tt is half as tall as TT P F1 F2 B What is the genotype of the offspring TT Sonharfio 10 the Lope Igh Tt7 off TT Tt tt YOUR UNDERSTANDING Rucessivo Tou 1 After studying the example and above answer the following questions Answer the following as true or To vnem false Solda nii einenng or old ing F Tt A Tt is a heterozygous of this trait When heterozygous plants are crossed only tall plants are produced If tt was crossed with tt all of the offspring will be short Tt is a carrier for shortness in plants Tt t 2 In a cross of wing color black B is dominant and white b is recessive Cross a BB with bb Fill in the Punnett squares showing the cross and answer the questions A What color are the offspring phenotype would they look alla Explain Cont

5 This molecule contains potential energy is used to convert CO into glucose has an unstable triphosphate tail is the main energy source for cellular work 6 This molecule is contained in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts converts sunlight energy into ATP reflects green wavelengths of light

Ch 5 Diffusion Osmosis and Ch 7 P S 1 What type of energy is this it can travel in waves light sound it includes the random thermal motion of molecules energy 2 This molecule is required for photosynthesis diffuses across a semi permeable membrane by osmosis

You have a green fluorescent molecule and want to know if it is permeable to cells First you place a cell into an isotonic solution At this point there are no green molecules inside the cell Then you add the green molecule to the solution Describe what would happen at this point for the two situations below 1 If the green molecule is permeable then 2 If the green molecule is not permeable then

1 Identify the function or benefit of each of the following structures found in seed plants Structure Pollen grain Microsporangium Flower Carpel Seed Fruit Endosperm Function

4 Which part of the pine life cycle represents the microgametophyte and the megagametophyte generations and where are they located 5 What is the advantage of evergreen leaves Why are evergreen leaves usually needle like or covered with a thick protective cuticle

Q How would you differentiate between the vascular bundles of monocot and dicot stems

FADH molecule is considered to be a high energy molecule Which component of FADH provides with this energy The riboflavin component The hydrogen atoms The adenine component

Where does the carbon dioxide that we exhale come from oxidation of pyruvate and citric acid cycle glycolysis and oxidation of pyruvate glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation glycolysis and citric acid cycle

Why is it necessary to produce acetyl CoA during pyruvate oxidation Pyruvate is unstable and will breakdown when it enters the citric acid cycle so it must be converted into acetyl CoA Pyruvate is not unstable but it cannot enter the citric acid cycle Acetyl CoA is produced as an additional source for making ATP for the cell The acetyl CoA delivers two carbon acetyl groups to the citric acid cycle Pyruvate is toxic and must be converted into the less toxic acetyl CoA

The places on a phylogenetic tree where a branch splits are referred to as O Mutations O Common ancestors O Extinctions Nodes

CELLULAR RESPIRATION customized Drag and drop the terms to their definiti Production of ATP in the presence of oxygen Production of ATP in the absence of oxygen Breakdown of glucose into two molecules of p End product of glycolysis

Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct option to complete the concepts of tonicity of solutions You are stranded on a lifeboat with nothing to drink but seawater This is not a good idea because the seawater is water and lyse X You are dehydrated and have to be admitted to the hospital The nurse starts an IV of hypotonic X saline This is the normal solution for you cells Water intoxication occurs when you drink large amounts of plain water When you consume such large quantities the environment surrounding your cells becomes lose X water and the cells will hypertonic X your cells will crenate will lose chloroplast A x and the inflow of water Paramecium have a contractile vacuole They must live in a hypotonic Jellyfish living in the Gulf of Mexico live in ocean water with a 3 5 saline concentration The fluid concentration of the jellyfish is also 3 5 The solutions in the ocean water and the jellyfish are isotonic Salmon spend their adult lives in the ocean and return to freshwater to spawn The salmon are adapted to the ocean water which is cells and the freshwater which is hypertonic X to their cells Plants contain a cell wall which prevents them from lysing in a decreases plant has less turgor pressure and the cell will hypertonic wilted Plants at the grocery store are frequently misted The environment is environment isotonic X the turgor pressure crenate isotonic X X to your cells your cells isotonic X environment Water is stored in the vX to their X in the hypotonic X environment X to the plant and the plant will take on water from the environment

Drag and drop the characteristics of solutions to the correct category Hypotonic Solution Hypertonic Solution Isotonic S When comparing solutions it is the solution with the greatest osmolarity When comparing solutions both solutions have the same osmolarity A cell placed in this solution will lose water to the environment When comparing solutions it is the solution with the lowest osmolarity A cell placed in this solution will remain unchanged Acell placed in this colution will

Mark the checkbox for each statemer Fac The molecular weight of sugar 342 gran grams mole The molecular weight of sodium chloride grams mole There is an increase in temperature to 10 Steroid hormones such as thyroid hormo A very large cell

Experiment Examples 1 A scientist wants to determine the effect of the color of light on plant growth They buy 100 plants that are the same age and type of plant They then divide them into 4 groups and subject each group to 12 hours of the following light white red green and blue Independent variable light color non Control White nome Sample size 100 plants plantage Sal water Write a hypothesis Fyou use red light plant height temp then the part will grow the Fostest What could they do to improve this experiment increase sample site more light options repat in trouls 2 A person wants to find the best battery type They buy four of the same kind of flashlights and put four different types of batteries in each They then leave the flashlights on and record how long it takes for the batteries to die out Independent variable how long it takes battery Control Dependent variable plant grauth Constants time lahr light Sample size 4 different buttorys Dependent variable battery type Constants now long it takes for the buttary to die Write a hypothesis if we all tumon each battan at the Same time they will die at diffemt times the IU will have the Same battery time if the DU stays the same What could they do to improve this experiment more options repated trails differ

The three phylogenetic trees shown here all contain the same members and all have a common ancestor but are divided up in three different ways Which tree has members circled that are of more than one evolutionary line and does not include the most recent common ancestor of the included lineages What type of group is this UU UUUU 1 Tree 1 monophyletic 2 Tree 3 polyphyletic 3 Tree 2 paraphyletic 4 Tree 2 polyphyletic 5 Tree 3 monophyletic G

Which of the phylogenetic trees above best demonstrates cladogenesis B A Tree 1 B C A Tree 2 2 Tree 3 2020 McGraw Hill Education O 1 both Tree 1 and Tree 2 BCD 4 Tree 1 A Tree 3 3 both Tree 2 and Tree 3 5 Tree 2

Plant cet Atom Flu virus Lipids ALAD Mitochondria Frog egg Animal cell Protein Human egg Chicken egg ound con

GradeResulls TEL My Activities Tell me what you want to do Q Question 6 Points 2 Which of the following statements is correct in case of photosynthesis It is an exothermic reaction and releases energy to the atmosphere It is an endothermic reaction and releases energy to the atmosphere It is an exothermic reaction and absorbs energy from sunlight It is an endothermic reaction and absorbs energy from sunlight

5 Which of the following components of comprehensive pain assessment is measured by the numeric pain scale O Character Onset Duration Intensity

Simple prokaryotic organisms have been on Earth for over 3 billion years and have been able to grow and evolve into many different and successful prokaryotic organisms Which structure evolv in cells approximately one billion years ago that allowed for the forming of more complex multicellular organisms plasma membrane ribosome O nucleus golgi apparatus

The term phototroph refers to an organism that Multiple Choice does not need a carbon source must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needs gets energy from sunlight uses CO for its carbon source gets energy by oxidizing chemical compounds

Spring rain on fields and flowers can feel refreshing On the other hand a cold steady rain in the middle of winter can make you feel a little sad A thunderstorm might feel frightening or it might feel exciting All types of rain are necessary to water the earth s grasses and plants No matter where you are you can use the mood created by rain as an inspiration to start writing 5 Choose one of the following prompts Write a five sentence paragr using chronological order and including a topic sentence to explai the steps you would take to complete one of the following tasks a Preparing for a test b Preparing to host a party or an event C Getting ready for work d Cleaning your room or your home e Building a snowman sandcastle or sculpture Creating a budget For Question 5 you must select one of the topics given in the instructions Question 5 is to contain at least five complete sentences Your paragraph lacks ubstance More information is necessary to present a well thought out and well written paragraph Tip If you re typing and reach the end of a line just keep typing he program you re using will automatically go to the next line This will help ensure hat your sentences will be typed as one paragraph rather than looking like multiple nes Question 5 Five sentence paragraph in chronological order written 30 26 25 21 20 16 15 11 10 6

Jack is angry over Ralph s frequent defense of Piggy O True O False

The somatic (voluntary) nervous system would control which of the following actions: Sweating Secretion of hormones Wiggling your pinky finger Heart rate

Average soil contains about what percentage of mineral deposits? A. 5% B. 45% C. 90%

How does the central vacuole keep a plant upright? A. It spins in fast circles to keep the plant upright. B. It pushes against the soil, creating pressure that keeps the plant upright. C. It uses turgor pressure to force the cell wall to be rigid and keep the plant upright.

The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing at an exponential rate, is the Select one: a. lag phase b. exponential phase c. stationary phase d. death phase e. prophase

15. Not all dead organisms are acted on by decomposers. Instead of being immediately recycled, the carbon from some organisms is kept in a type of long-term storage, or carbon sink. Using Model 2, answer the questions below about this long-term storage. a. List four materials that contain this stored carbon. b. What is the collective term for these four materials? c. How do humans use the materials in the carbon sink? d. What is the scientific name for the process listed in part c?

Jean Senebier was a Swiss scientist who wanted to show where the O₂ produced by photosynthetic organisms came from. Through his experiments he discovered that the amount of oxygen produced is roughly proportional to the amount of carbon dioxide available to the plant. He concluded that carbon dioxide became incorporated into the organic molecules and the oxygen of the CO₂ was released as O₂ via the stomata into the atmosphere. Based on what you learned, where his conclusions correct? Explain the rationale behind your answer. (2 C)

Which of the following pairs of words has the same meaning? A) Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, diabetes type 2 B) Adenomatous goiter, nodular goiter C) Polydipsia, polyuria D) Synergism, antagonism

The force that results from water moving across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low osmolarity to higher osmolarity is known as: hypovolemic pressure. osmotic pressure. OVLT. hypovolemic thirst.

To capture the greatest color spectrum, plant pigments A. absorb high frequency light. B. reflect green light. C. come in many forms. D. are associated with lipids.

Active Transport - GENERAL BIOLOGY The sodium-potassium pump usually pumps potassium out of the cell. sodium into the cell. potassium into the cell. Oonly a potassium and sugar molecule together.

A biologist conducts an experiment designed to determine whether a particular type of molecule is transported into cells by simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or active transport. He collects the following information: A) The molecule is very small. B) The molecule is polar. C) The molecule can accumulate inside cells even when its concentration inside the cell initially is higher than it is outside the cell. D) Cells use up more energy when the molecule is present in the environment around the cells than when it is not present. The biologist concludes that the molecule moves across cell membranes by facilitated diffusion. 1. Do you agree with his conclusion? 2. Why or why not? EXPLAIN your answer based upon the clues given above!

the distance travelled by the compound / the distance travelled by the solvent = [?] A. H+ concentration B. Rf C. R1

Which of the following best describes how plants transfer carbon in the carbon cycle? A) Plants absorb carbon from the soil. B) Carbon transpires from plant stomata. C) Plants fix carbon in the soil using their roots. D) Carbon is transferred through the food chain when plants are eaten by animals.

Osmosis, a special case in terms of diffusion, involves the movement of water down/up its concentration gradient.

An important naturally occurring phenomenon in cells is known as passive transport. It___________require the cell to exert any of its energy to accomplish the movement, which__________ the overall energy needs of the cell. In passive transport, substances move from an area of_______concentration to an area of _______concentration.

Photosystems are multi-protein complexes. Therefore, they show what level of organization? a) Primary b) Secondary c) Teritary d) Quaternary

In terms of ATP production, substrate-level phosphorylation is more _________ Oxidative phosphorylation is more ____

Cellular respiration occurs in plants. True False

What would happen to a plant that no longer contained cholorophy lla? It would continue to function exactly the same, regardless of the amounts of chlorophyll b. It would continue to function essentially the same, as long as it contained adequate amounts of chlorophyll b. It could not continue to function, even if it contained adequate amounts of chlorophyll b. It could not continue to function unless it contained more cartenoids.

You were provided with choices for prediction and hypothesis when potato strips are put in a hypotonic solution. Write your own prediction and hypothesis for what to expect when potato strips are put in a hypertonic solution.

Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules? Group of answer choices vesicular transport and osmosis facilitated diffusion and vesicular transport osmosis and filtration facilitated diffusion and solute pumping

6. To remove carbon dioxide from pyruvate, which one of the following organisms would you use? a. B. cereus-VP + b. S. aureus-catalase + c. E. coli- Decarboxylase + d. P. vulgaris- lipase + e. E. aerogenes- Gelatinase +

An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when the level of glucose in the blood is abnormally high whether or not a meal has been eaten. a blood cell shrinks when placed in a solution of salt and water. the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise. the core body temperature of a runner rises gradually from 37°C to 45°C.

A postmortem analysis of a freshwater fish that died after being placed accidentally in saltwater would likely show that loss of water by osmosis from cells in vital organs resulted in cell death and organ failure. the gills became encrusted with salt, resulting in inadequate gas exchange and a resulting asphyxiation. the kidneys were not able to keep up with the water removal necessary in this hyperosmotic environment, creating an irrevocable loss of homeostasis. high amounts of salt had diffused into the fish's cells, causing them to swell and lyse. brain cells lysed as a result of increased osmotic pressure in this hyperosmotic environment, leading to death by loss of autonomic function.

What would happen to a non-halophile bacteria with damaged cell wall that are placed in a hypertonic solution of NaCl? Cytolysis Plasmolysis because too much water entered the cell Cells get dehydrated and lose the cell wall Cell get dehydrated and their plasma membrane shrinks Cells explode