Plant Physiology - Mineral Nutrition Questions and Answers

A shade tolerant plant that is provided its preferred wavelength of light but only minimal amounts of water would likely experience increased plant growth increased amounts of oxygen released by the plants decreased amounts of ATP being produced by the plants increased growth of the plants leaves

W 15 2 How is the below biosynthetic process related to nitrogen fixation and assimilation Groups 1 3 Amino Acid Biosynthesis Groups 7 9 Nucleotide Biosynthesis Groups 4 6 Antibiotic Biosynthesis

membranes Which is not a type of gated channel Mechanically gated channel MGC responds to physical impact ex touch O Chemically gated channel CGC responds to chemical messengers ex neurotransmitters O Voltage gated channels VGC responds to changes in electrical potentials ex action potentials Water gated channel WGC responds to changes in molar concentrations ex aquaporins More than one of these is not a type of gated channel Question 9 Phagocytosis pinocytosis and receptor mediated using clatharin are three types of Exocytosis Endocytosis Facilitated diffusion 1 pts

Some consider osmosis a special case of diffusion because it only involves the movement of what substance Multiple Choice O O O O salt oxygen carbon dioxide water

A n solution Multiple Choice O solution has the same concentration of water as the cell placed in the O hypotonic diffusive O isotonic hypertonic

Tonicity in cells refers to the concentration of solute in a soll relative to Multiple Choice O O the swelling of the cell the presence of a cell wall the solute concentration of the cytoplasm inside the cell the permeability of the cell membrane the number of cell fragments inside the cell

In simple diffusion molecules move from an area of an area of concentration Multiple Choice O O O low equal low high equal low equal high high low concentration to

7 Identify the principal driving movement in diffusion such as Extracellular fluid Lipid bilayer plasma membrane Time depicted here concentration gradient membrane surface area particle size temperature O Cytoplasm 0 00 8 Which of the following is an example of passive transport across a membrane the movement of text H into a thylakoid disc during photosynthesis the uptake of glucose in the intestine the uptake of mineral ions into root hair cells of plants the movement of water from the descending loop of a nephron into the interstitium 9 Water moves via osmosis across plasma cell membranes in which direction from an area with a high concentration of other solutes to a lower one from an area with a high concentration of water to one of lower concentration from an area with a low concentration of water to one of higher concentration throughout the cytoplasm 10 What problem is faced by organisms that live in fresh water They will have higher concentrations of body solutes Without compensating mechanisms their bodies tend to take in too much water They have no way of controlling their tonicity

18 Species diversity in arthropods was studied in a certain location Data on the impacts on species diversity from organic versus conventional agriculture are provided in the table Arthropod Type Carabids Arachnids Myriapods Hemipterans Species Diversity Number of Species Conventional Agriculture 10 8 48 17 Organic Agriculture 13 9 52 19 Judging by percentage increase which arthropod type provides the strongest evidence for the claim that organic agriculture results in greater species diversity

As NADH gives up its hydrogen to transporter 1 in the ETC NADH is reduced O hydrogenated none of the choices is correct oxidized LLEE

D occurs in the chloroplast whereas Photosynthesis Oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Photosynthesis occurs in the mitochondria

fo 1 Choose the true statement s about nitrate select all that apply a It can be oxidized to nitrite b It can be reduced to molecular nitrogen N c It can serve as a final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration d It is present in the media used for this exercise e It can be reduced to ammonium

2 5 What directly supplies the energy a cell needs for activities such as moving its cilia or transporting molecules against a concentration gradient O ATP O hemoglobin ORNA O triglycerides

Here are some of the types of questions you might encounter about the oxidation of sugar 1 Which of the following would not be considered a metabolic waste product in the breakdown of glucose a CO b H 0 c Lactate d Ethanol e Pyruvate

The type of photophosphoryla tion that is only involved in making energy not food is called A Chemiosmosis B linear photophosphorylation C cyclic photophosphorylation D basic photophosphorylation

Plant cells placed in HYPOTONIC conditions will remain A wilted C flaccid B turgid D plasmolyzed

Consider the following reaction Glucose 6 phosphate Fructose 6 Phosphate This essential step in glycolysis is energetically unfavorable under standard conditions Which of the following would make the actual AG more energetically favorable thus helping to drive this essential metabolic reaction forward CHOOSE TWO ANSWERS Increasing the amount of glucose 6 phosphate Increasing the amount of fructose 6 phosphate Removing fructose 6 phosphate as it is made Removing glucose 6 phosphate so that it is limiting

Opioids are compounds derived from opium which comes from the opium poppy Although in reality all poppies produce opoids the drug morphine codeine as well as other opioid pain killers are typically derived from opium A quick way to find or identify these compounds is to look for a six membered ring containing a nitrogen Often if you see a six membered ring with a nitrogen you have some sort of an opoid or a modified synthetic pain killer With that said morphine and codeine are typically not injected or given orally in pure form Instead their salts are used such as morphine sulfate or codeine phosphate Why are the salts used or administered instead of the pure substances or non salt forms I am not interested in drug names but to have you answer the why of this question 10 pt

A graph showing the change in the relative concentration of a product over time can be seen below The graph shows the amount of product produced in an enzyme catalyzed re action over a time period of five minutes A Relative concentration of product B 10 C 0 0 2 Agraph that shows change in the relative concentration of product over time 3 Which of the following best explains how the rate of the reaction changes over five minutes Time min The rate increases due to more products being made over time The rate decreases due to the increase in the ratio of product to substrate The rate decreases due to the enzyme being used up as the reaction progressed

A student peeled the skins from grapes exposing cells with membranes that are only per meable to water and small diffusible solutes The student measured the mass of the peeled grapes The student then placed each peeled grape in various solutions One of the solu tions contained distilled water with mercurial sulfhydryl Mercurial sulfhydryl is an inhibitor of aquaporins Which of the following is the most likely effect of adding mercurial sulfhydryl to the dis tilled water solution A B C D The grape cells will gain more water due to the activation of the transport protein The grape cells will gain water more slowly due to a lack of facilitated diffusion The grape cells will shrink due to active transport being inhibited The grape cells will rupture due to excess water enterin

Use the diagram below and your knowledge of Earth Science to place the following in order from oldest to youngest Line A A represents a buried erosional surface unconformity 11 7 6 Youngest Oldest

1 Why are the four major groups of dietary fat can be classified in this particular order 30 50 words 1 Polyunsaturated fats containing omega 3 fatty acids 2 Monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats that do not contain omega 3s 3 Saturated fats 4 Trans fats 2 Using your knowledge of lipid structure and properties and any other scientifically reliable online or printed resources create a 150 word explanation of how different types of dietary fat affect our cardiovascular health Hint Use such key terms as cholesterol HDL LDL and arteries Make sure to use your own words and cite outside sources that you have used 3 In 100 words indicate the major sources of fat in your diet and characterize them in terms of healthy and unhealthy If your fat diet is not heart healthy provide specific recommendations on how to increase your consumption of healthy fats and decrease your consumption of Inhealthy fats Recommend specific foods Take into account your taste preferences If your fat diet is mostly heart healthy provide specific recommendations on how to increase the consumption of healthy fats and decrease the consumption of unhealthy fats for a friend or a relative Take into account that person s taste preferences Rubrics

3 Two new species of plants were introduced into an area that was low in available nitrogen compounds in the soil One formed nodules and one did not Which species would you reasonably expect to grow more robustly Explain Answer Type your answer here Score for Question 5 of 2 points 4 How does the location of the nodules relate to the function of the nodule Explain Answer Type your answer here Score for Question 6 of 2 points 5 This diagram shows two groups of plant cells one with Rhizobium and one without the bacteria Label which is which and explain the obvious size difference using observations from Part C of the lab in your answer Answer Type your answer here

Students in sixth grade science spent several weeks studying conservation and recycling Students then investigated how different recycled products affected plant growth The second period class compared the effect of different aged grass compost on the height of bean plants Because the decomposition that occurs during composting is needed to release the nutrients in the grass this class predicted that older grass compost would produce taller bean plants Three flats of bean plants 25 plants in each flat were grown for 30 days All of the bean plants had been planted 10 days before the start of the investigation Flat 1 received 450g of 3 month old compost Flat 2 received 450g of 6 month old compost Flat 3 received no compost All of the bean plants received the same amount of water and sunlight each day At the end of 30 days all of the bean plants were measured in cm and the data recorded Independent variable Dependent variable Control group Age of th 30 days Choose

3 1 Entra Answer the questions below The melanic peppered moth s dark coloring is passed to its progeny and thus is an inheritable trait This moth is shown in Figure 1 Figure 1 Tito Researchers have studied the melanic peppered moth in both Britain and the United States from the ate 1950s to the mid 1990s These researchers ave monitored both the population of the melanic eppered moth and the levels of soot pollution in attempt to correlate the two values dy 1 searchers calculated the percentage of melanic ths at sites in both Britain and the United tes and tabulated this data over a course of e than 30 years This calculation is shown in re 2 top To account for any change in the entage of melanic moths the total number of s during June and July were also observed g the same course of more than 30 years calculation is also shown in Figure 2 bottom melanic moths total number of moths 100 90 80 10 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1959 1963 1959 L 1963 1967 1967 1971 1975 1979 1983 1971 1975 1987 1991 1995 Figure 2 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 Study 2 After analyzing the results from Study 1 the researchers then looked at the pollution levels in both the United States and in Britain The pollution levels from Detroit US over a span of 26 years is shown in Figure 3 top Accordingly the pollution levels from a site in Britain over a span of 26 years is shown in Figure 3 bottom 1 988242SO concentration g m suspended particulates g m 35 0 90 80 60 50 1964 year in Detroit year in Britain Figure 3 Lesson 3 Support of Hypotheses Part 1 The scientists hypothesized that the population of the melanic peppered moth decreased with the decrease of particulate air pollution because the moths were then more susceptible to predation and thus could not pass their genes on to the next generation Do Figures 2 and 3 support this hypothesis A No the decrease of the peppered moth population correlates with the overall decrease of moth numbers B Yes the decrease of the peppered moth population correlates with the decrease of SO and particulate pollution C No there was no noticeable decrease in the numbers of the peppered moth population D Yes the decrease of the peppered moth population and the total moth population correlate with the decrease of SO and particulate pollution 2 Suppose it is discovered that rising pollution levels of certain carbon compounds not tested in this study led to an increase in the overall percentage of melanic moths in the general moth population This discovery would most strongly contradict which of the following figures F Figure 2 top G Figure 2 bottom H Figure 3 top J Figure 3 bottom 3 Suppose a separate study confirms that the percentage of melanic moths decreases with decreasing levels of pollution Do the results of Study 2 support the statement The number of melanic moths fell in Detroit but increased in Great Britain A Yes because the graphs show decreasing levels of pollution in Detroit but increasing levels of pollution in Great Britain B Yes because the graphs show a relatively stable amount of melanic moths in Detroit but a sharp drop in melanic moths in Great Britain C No because pollution levels in both Detroit and Great Britain fell which would indicate a decrease in the percentage of melanic moths for both countries D No because pollution levels in Great Britain decreased while the pollution levels in Detroit increased which would indicate that the number of melanic moths increased in Detroit and fell in Great Britain

It is very common for plants to form beneficial associations with cyanobacteria and or fungi as these organisms help the plant absorb or acquire life sustaining environmental substances such as nitrogen True False

The general ordered sequence of a virus infection is O penetration replication release assembly attachment O attachreent penetration replication assembly release replication assembly penetration release attachment assembly replication release attachment penetration replication assembly release penetration attachment

water from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration across a semipermeable membrane solute from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane water from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane

sgsta stydgotemsg Institmob driw quois inst What are vascular tissues and what are the benefit of having these tissues 5 pts 10 1691 borot 976

ver the next question Many gardeners believe that certain edible herbs like oregano sage and rosemary taste better if deprived of water and nutrients You decide to test the hypothesis that the frequency of watering influences the flavor of sage You grow two sage plants from seed side by side in two separate pots You water one every other day as a control treatment and the other only once a week as an experimental treatment Then you invite 50 people over for a taste test Each receives two samples of sage leaves marked as A and B so that they do not know which sample is from which treatment Your friends rate each sample s flavor on a scale of 1 5 You compare the average scores for each plant W Less Frequently Watered More Frequently Watered Q3 10 As with any experiment your setup has limitations Which of the following ideas for increasing replication is MOST likely to improve your ability to test the hypothesis that watering frequency affects the taste of sage in general Increase the number of leaf samples taken from each plant Increase the number of sage plants in the experimental group Increase the number of sage plants in both control and experimental groups O Do the same test on rosemary and oregano in addition to sage

Decomposers are an important part of them to the ecosystem return needed nutrients to the soil A yet plants don t depend on B and plants rely on C but plants don t need

Furundles Cellulitis abscesses Paronchin

A turgid cell that you are studying has a solute potential of 1 3MPa What is its approximate water potential 1 1 3 O2 0 3 3 2 3 4 0 3 5 1 3

Match each characteristic with the macronutrient it describes You may use each choice more than once Found more in plant based foods Found primarily in animal based foods Primary energy source for most people Found in both plant and animal based foods Needed to build body structures Most calorie dense Carbohydrate Protein Lipid

3 After years of disappointment you find one plant out of thousands in your greenhouse that is producing large yellow tomatoes How might this have happened

Which of the following is released to surrounding waters by acidified soils? A. aluminum B. argon C. ozone D. helium

The advantage of nitrogen fixation to the host plant is Select one: a. the production of nucleotides required for nucleic acid synthesis. b. the ability to use nitrogen gas instead of oxygen gas in cellular respiration, particularly when the soil is compacted. c. the production of antibiotics that protect the plant against pathogenic soil bacteria. d. the ability to synthesize amino acids and proteins from the ammonia produced.

Explain microbial nutrition and discuss transport mechanisms, environmental factors that can influence growth, and methods to study microbial growth.

Watch the Ted talk titled "10 Ways to Have a Better Conversation" by Celeste Headlee. Then write a detailed summary about the main ideas of the video. A summary does not include your opinion but focuses on the facts. In the summary include the title and author to begin. Next, focus on the 5 W's which include who, what, when, where, why, and however.

Inorganic molecules of salts do all of the following in the body except: Transport substances in and out of the cell Aide in muscle contraction Provide a source of energy Crucial to nerve impulse conduction

(1 point) I want to make a cleaning solution from concentrate. The concentrate is 20% solution. I need 1L (1000ml) of a 5% cleaning solution. a. How much cleaning solution concentrate should I add to my container? b. How much water should I add to make the final volume 1000ml?

Electrolytes are substances that produce ions in water. Most ionic compounds break apart into ions in water and are therefore electrolytes. Covalently bonded compounds do not usually dissociate (break apart) in water and are nonelectrolytes. Write a balanced equation for the dissociation of the following ionic compounds. EXAMPLE: CaCl₂ → Cat (aq) +2 Cr(aq) 1. BaSO4 2. NaCl 3. KOH 4. MgCl2 Note that some of the ionic compounds above produce more than one mole of anion or cation on dissociation.

and are common causes of poultry-associated foodborne illness and the biggest concern in poultry safety. (Pick 2) Campylobacter Salmonella E. coli O157:H7 Listeria monocytogenes

As a fruit changes from immature to overripe, protopectin chemically breaks down to oxalic acid and then to pectin pectic acid and then to pectin pectin and then to oxalic acid pectin and then to pectic acid

d. The farther away the bees 5. Many plants and trees, with the help of a nitrogen-fixing bacteria, take nitrogen from the air and convert it into a usable form. A student wants to find out if the redbud tree helps to put nitrogen into the soil. She designs an experiment in which she measures the amount of nitrogen in the soil around redbud trees and pine trees, before and after nitrogen-fixing bacteria are added to the soil. What is a logical hypothesis for the student's experiment? a. Redbud trees grow faster when soil nitrogen is present. b. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria populations grow faster when soil nitrogen is present. Redbud trees increase soil nitrogen levels with the help of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. C. d. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria increase soil nitrogen levels.

Discuss your investigation about reducing the effect of acidity on seed germination with your classmates. 1. Describe your design solution and how you conducted your experiment. 2. Was your solution successful? Explain by citing evidence from your experiment. 3. How could you refine your solution to make it better? 4. How does your design solution compare to the designs of other students?

Identify the type of food associated with increased inflammation, oxidative stress, or both. colorful fruits and vegetables fish oils dried beans refined grain products red wines

4. Consider this hypothetical experiment then answer the following questions. An agricultural researcher is studying a specific species of apple tree and conducts the following experiment: Every week from April through September, she sprays 20 trees with a specific volume of a chemical pesticide, 20 trees with water (using the same volume as the pesticide spray), and 20 trees are not sprayed at all. At the end of September, she sends her graduate interns out to the orchard to harvest all the apples. The interns pick all the apples, weigh them, and record detailed quantitative and qualitative data in their lab notebooks. a. What might be a question that prompted the researcher's experiment? b. Construct a possible hypothesis, based on the question and the experiment the researcher conducted. c. What is the independent variable? d. What is the dependent variable?

Sally conducts an experiment measuring plant growth. She finds that after two weeks, a plant that got water grew 4 cm, but a plant that got soda died. What is the term for what is being measured? Hypothesis Independent variable Dependent variable Controlled variable

Net equation of cellular aerobic respiration in prokaryotic cells vs. eukaryotic cells Make sure to write the number of molecules that react. For example, 6O2