Organic Chemistry Questions

According to the following balanced equation, the reaction of one mole of potassium permanganate would result in the production of how many moles of water? 16 HCI +2 KMnO4 --> 2 KCI + 2 MnCl₂ + 5 Cl₂ + 8 H₂O

Draw each molecule from your lab showing its bonding orbitals. Label each orbital as an s, p, sp, sp2 or sp3 orbital. Show the Overlap of bonding orbitals. Put electron pairs where they belong in the orbitals. Label each bond as a s or p bond.

a. NaSO³(H₂O)10 9. Na(SO4)2101120 What is the correct name for N₂O4? C. Na₂SO4 10 1120 d. Na2SO4 2 1120 a. nitrogen (IV) tetroxide b. nitrogen(II) oxide c. dinitrogen oxide d. dinitrogen tetroxid What is the name of HIO3(aq)?

In the following reaction, 2H₂ (g) + O₂ (g) - 2 H₂O (g), how many moles of oxygen (0₂) would be required to react with 10.0 moles of hydrogen (H₂)? Round your answer to 1 decimal place.

Copper reacts with nitric acid according to the following reaction: Cu (s) + 4 HNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + NO₂ (aq) + H₂O Calculate the volume, in mL, of 3.00 M nitric acid required to react with 33.0 g of copper.

Which was reduced and which was oxidized? PH3 + NO₂ -> H3PO4 + N₂ H was reduced, P was oxidized N was reduced, P was oxidized P was reduced, N was oxidized N was reduced, H was oxidized

How many moles of AI(NO3)3 are produced when 39.61 grams of HNO3 are reacted with excess Al(OH)3? Round your answer to three digits after the decimal point. Al(OH)3 + 3 HNO3 → AI(NO3)3 + 3 H₂O

When hydrogen gas is passed over solid stannous oxide, the following reaction occurs. SnO₂ (s) + H₂ (g) = 2 H₂O (g) + Sn (s) If the system is stressed by adding additional Sn, the system will respond by If the system is stressed by adding additional H₂, the system will respond by

Determine whether of each of the following changes in reaction conditions will increase or decrease the rate of a reaction. Increasing the temperature will Using gaseous instead of solid reactants will

Which of the components of blood listed below cannot cross the dialysis membrane? b. Why are glucose and electrolytes, which are not waste products, included in the dialysate? c. Based on your answers to (a) and (b), for each substance that can move across the membrane, state whether it will move into the blood, out of the blood, or in both directions. Explain your reasoning.

Assume solid Glucose (CHO) and Oxygen gas are the starting substances (reactants) in the reaction. a. Predict the products of the reaction above and write the balanced molecular equation for this reaction. b. What type of reaction (s) is/are being represented by the chemical reaction in part (a)? c. Is this reaction an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?

Which of the following equations represents an oxidation-reduction reaction? Ca(OH)₂ (s) + H₂SO4 (aq) → 2 H₂O(1) + CaSO4(s) CaO(s) + H₂O(l) → Ca(OH)₂ (s) Zn(s) + Cu(NO3)₂ (aq) → Zn(NO3)₂(aq) + Cu(s) AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

2SO₂ (g) + O₂ (g) = 2SO, (g) a. Draw the best Lewis Structure of the product that is produced from this reaction. b. Identify the molecular geometry (shape) of the product that is produced from this reaction. c. Identify the hybridization of the central atom(s) of the product that is produced from this reaction.

Identify the type of chemical reactions in the following processes: (i) Barium chloride solution is mixed with copper sulphate and a white precipitate is formed. (ii) On heating copper powder in a china dish, the surface of copper powder becomes black. (iii) On heating green ferrous sulphate crystals, reddish brown solid is left as residue and a gas having smell of burning sulphur is evolved. (iv) Iron nails when left dipped in blue copper sulphate solution become brownish in colour and blue colour of copper sulphate solution fades away. (v) Quicklime reacts vigorously with water releasing large amount of heat. (vi) Silver nitrate solution reacts with sodium chloride solution and a white precipitate is formed.

A VHF television station assigned to channel 19 transmits its signal using radio waves with a frequency of 500.MHz. Calculate the wavelength of the radio waves.

A student calculated the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.643 mol of table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) in 2.5 x10^3 mL of water.

7. Assume solid Glucose (C4H12O6) and Oxygen gas are the starting substances (reactants) in the reaction. d. If this is a redox reaction, then identify the following: • What is undergoing oxidation (what is being oxidized)? Support your answer using oxidation numbers. What is undergoing reduction (what is being reduced)? Support your answer using oxidation numbers. • What is the reducing agent? • What is the oxidizing agent?

Draw the best Lewis structure for the CH₂COOH (acetic acid) molecule. (Hint: the acidic H is bonded to O in an oxy-acid molecule). Evaluate each atom using formal charge to prove you have the best structure. Show your math work as well as your formal charge answers. Draw all the resonance structures for the CH₂COO (acetate ion). (Hint: make sure you have the best initial structure first!)

Which statement about the chemical reactions of photosynthesis is true? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY* (5 Points) they convert light energy into chemical energy they are endothermic they can be represented by 6CO2 +6H20 -->C6H12O6 + 602

After a certain reaction, it is determined that the total energy of the products is lower than the total energy of the original reactants. What happened with energy in the reaction? energy was created energy was destroyed energy was absorbed from the surroundings energy was released into the surroundings

Calcium Chloride is a salt that is commonly used to melt ice on roads when it snows. Assume that Calcium Chloride and Sodium Carbonate are the starting substances (reactants) in a reaction: physical states. Calcium ude the e. If 6.3 g of calcium chloride and 1.8 g of sodium carbonate are combined then theoretically, what mass of solid product could be formed from these amounts of reactants? What is the limiting reactant? f. What is the % yield if 3.550 g of the solid product was actually obtained?

The pressure of a sample of hellum in a 1.00 L container is 0.988 atm. What is the new pressure if the sample is placed in a 2.00 L container. a. 0.398 atm b. 0.416 atm c. 0.532 atm d. 0.494 atm

The student then takes a 2.50 M stock solution of table salt (table salt, NaCl) and mixes 0.946 L of stock solution with additional distilled water to create a dilute solution with a total volume of 3.15 L. Explain how the student can determine the molarity of the resulting solution. Show a valid calculation for the final molarity.

Determine whether each reaction depends on a limiting reactant. Explain why or why not and identify the limiting reactant. (Select all that apply.) (a) Potassium chlorate decomposes to form potassium chloride and oxygen. Yes, one reactant is naturally limiting. Yes, there are two reactants. No, all reactants are in excess. No, there is only one reactant. potassium chlorate Opotassium chloride oxygen Not enough information to identify which is the limiting reactant.

Many nations colonized were rich in natural resources. How did Social Darwinists view the mining of natural resources in these colonized lands? a. It was their right to take what they wanted b.It was a necessity for their countries to survive c. It was a way to preserve traditional economies d. It was a away to protect Africans from the Industrial Revolution

Which of the following explains the increase of the reaction rate by a catalyst? The catalyst increases the number of collisions between the reactants molecules The catalyst decreases the rate of the backward reaction so that the rate of the forward reaction increases The catalyst provides an path of lowering activation energy to the reactants. None of the above

Use the activity series to determine if the following reaction will occur: Ba(s) + MgBr₂(aq) → A. yes reaction because Ba is more reactive than Mg B. yes reaction because Mg is more reactive than Ba C. no reaction because Ba is more reactive than Mg D. no reaction because Mg is more reactive than Ba

A balloon contains 146 mL of gas confined at a pressure of 1.30 atm and a temperature of 5 C. If the pressure doubles and the temperature decreases to 2 C, what will be the volume of gas in the balloon. 89 mL 54 mL 61 mL 72 mL

A gas is heated from 263K to 298K. The volume is increased from 24.0L to 35.0L. If the original pressure was 1.00 atm, what is the new pressure? 0.61 atm 1.28 atm 0.78 atm 1.65 atm

Given the following equation: Cu + 2 AgNO3 + Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag How many grams of Cu would have to react to produce 89.5 grams of Ag? g Your answer should be rounded to three significant figures. Do not include units in your answer.

A 102.5 gram gold bar was heated in an experiment and 3,900 J of energy was transferred to the bar. What was the change in temperature for the bar in °C? Specific Heat: (CGold =0.126 J/g°C)

A party balloon is filled with helium. The starting volume of the balloon is 6.7L and the pressure of the helium is 2.8 atm. If the balloon is compressed, reducing the volume to 3.5L, what is the new pressure?

How does increasing the temperature of a system affect the rate of chemical reactions? The activation energy increases so the reaction rate increases The activation energy increases so the reaction rate decreases The kinetic energy of the reactants increases, so the frequency of effective collision decreases The kinetic energy of the reactant increases, so the frequency of effective collision increases. Reaction rate is not affected by temperature

A spray can is used until it is empty except for the propellant gas, which has a pressure of 1200 torr at 25 °C. If the can is thrown into a fire (T= 525 °C), what will be the pressure in the hot can? [use Gay-Lussac's law] 57.1 torr 3200 torr 25,200 torr 448 torr

Using a table that lists standard heats of formation, you can calculate the change in enthalpy for a given chemical reaction. The change in enthalpy is equal to ________. Select one: a. ΔH, of products minus AHf of reactants b. ΔH, of products plus AH, of reactants c. ΔHf of reactants minus AHf of products d. ΔHf of products divided by AHf of reactants

N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH3(g); ΔH = -91.8 kJ Consider the thermochemical equation for the synthesis of ammonia. Which statement is true? Select one: a. Negative enthalpy indicates that energy is required to complete the reaction. b. Negative enthalpy indicates a decrease in potential energy and an endothermic reaction. c. Enthalpy is negative indicating that energy is released so this is an exothermic reaction. d. Enthalpy is negative indicating that there is an energy deficit; the reaction is incomplete.

Define Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures states that a mixture gases will have a total pressure equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas. If air is 80% nitrogen and 20% oxygen, with a total pressure of 1 atm, which of these is true? the partial pressure of nitrogen is 80 atm the partial pressure of nitrogen is 0.8 atm the partial pressure of oxygen is 0.8 atm the partial pressure of oxygen is 20 atm

The attached picture shows a model of two solutions, NaOH(aq) and a mystery solution. After they are mixed together, a precipitate is formed. Which of the solutions below is a possible identity of the mystery solution? A. CaCl₂(aq) B. FeSO4(aq) C. KBr(aq) D. LINO3(aq)

Which of the following represents an endothermic reaction? 2SO2 (g) → 25 (s) + 202 (g) + 376kJ 2H₂O(g) + 572 kJ → 2H₂ (g) + O₂ (g) 2C₂H6 (g) + 702 (g) - 4CO₂ (g) + 6H₂O(g) + 3120 kJ CH4 (g) +202 (g) - CO₂ (g) + 2H₂(g) + 890 kJ

A student drew the following concept map about matter. A different student was asked to critique the concept map. What would the best critique statement of this concept map? The word "matter" should be switched with the word "mixture on the map. The words "homogeneous" and "heterogeneous" should both be placed under the heading "mixture." The words "homogeneous" and "heterogeneous" should both be placed under the heading "pure substance." Heterogeneous should be followed by the word "mixture": homogeneous should be followed by the word "substance."

A student was asked to calculate the mass of Ca(OH)2 needed to create 2.5 liters of 3.0 M aqueous solution. The student's work is below. The student got the answer wrong. Identify the error, explain the mistake in detail and provide the correct calculation and answer.

Anna was asked to identify and explain if the equation CO2 (g) - CO2 (1) was an endothermic or exothermic reaction. However she got it wrong. What is her error and what should the answer have been? Anna's statement: The equation is an endothermic reaction because the energy is released from gaseous CO2 to the surroundings to become liquid CO2 causing the molecules to speed up.

If the surface area of reactants is larger, Select one: a. the reaction rate is generally lower. b. the rate-determining step is eliminated. c. the reaction rate is not affected. d. the reaction rate is generally higher.

The reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen monoxide is thought to proceed by the mechanism shown below. 2NO (g) N2O2 (g) fast equilibrium N2O2 (g) + H2 (g) → N₂O (g) + H₂O (g) slow reaction N2O (g) + H2 (g) → N2 (g) + H₂O (g) fast reaction (i) State the equation for the overall reaction (1 point) (ii) Deduce the rate expression consistent with this mechanism (iii) Explain how you would attempt to confirm this rate expression, giving the results you would expect. (iv) State, giving your reason, whether confirmation of the rate expression would prove that the mechanism given is correct. (V) Suggest how the rate of this reaction could be measured experimentally

A cobalt block was heated in a calorimeter to increase its temperature by 31.0 °C. The energy produced by the experiment was 2,150 J. What was the mass of the cobalt block? Specific Heat (CCo -0.117 J/g °C)

Which term describes the following mechanistic step in the catalytic cycle of the Heck reaction? a syn elimination b. reductive elimination c oxidative addition d. syn addition

The reaction HCl + NaOH H₂O (1) + NaCl (aq) is a(n)

2 K + 2 H₂O → 2 KOH How many grams (g) of potassium (K) could be produced by mixing 9.69 liters of water (H2O)?

The first-order rate constant for the hydrolysis of CH3 Cl (methyl chloride) in H2O has a value of 3.32 x 10-10 S-1 at 25°C and 3.13 x 10-9 s¹ at 40°C. What is the value of the energy of activation? [Hint: you'll need the Arrhenius equation. Set it up for two different temperatures & solve for Ea.]

Water is capable of dissolving a variety of different substances, which is why it is such a good solvent. It is often called the universal solvent because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid. The reason for this is best explain by which of these? Select one: a. Water is polar with a positive and negative side. b. Water bonds with most chemicals. c. Water expands as it freezes. d. Water is the most abundant liquid on earth.