Biomolecules Questions and Answers

Consider the tripeptide CHS a Draw this molecule at physiological pH with the appropriate stereochemistry for a biologically derived molecule b Circle the peptide bond put a star next to the bond s whose angles are defined as psi and a check next to the bond s whose angles are defined as phi c Draw the resonance structure for the peptide bond that determines the importance of phi and psi in the overall conformation for a protein

Phospholipids form the main fabric of the plasma membrane One feature of phospholipids is that when they are placed in an aqueous solution they will self assemble into a double layer bilayer that resembles the bilayer of the plasma membrane This self assembly occurs because phospholipids are hydrophilic at one end the phospholipid head and hydrophobic at the other end the phospholipid tails 1 Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the figure First drag labels to targets a and b to indicate whether these environments are hydrophilic or hydrophobic 2 Next drag the phospholipid layers to targets c and d to indicate how they are oriented in the plasma membrane 3 Finally drag labels to targets e f and g to indicate which portions of the membrane protein are hydrophilic and which are hydrophobic hydrophobic hydrophilic extracellular fluid plasma membrane cytoplasm Group 1 Group 1 Group 2 Group 2 membrane protein Group 1 Group 1 Group 1

10 Primary structure Below is a polynucleotide is this DNA or RNA Why

5 Define or describe the 4 levels of protein structure What type of bonds are responsible for stabilizing these levels

11 You are given four samples and told they are lysine an amino acid lactose a disaccharide insulin a protein hormone and RNA The samples are in test tubes marked 1 2 3 and 4 but you do not know which compound is in which tube You are asked to identify the contents of each tube a In your first test you try to hydrolyze a portion of the contents of each tube Hydrolysis occurs in all tubes except tube 3 b In your next test you find that tubes 1 2 and 3 are positive for nitrogen but only tube 2 gives a positive result when tested for the presence of sulfur c The last test you perform shows that the compound in tube 1 contains a high percentage of phosphate I Based on these data assign each tube with the correct molecule and explain your answers

7 A globular protein that is ordinarily found in aqueous solution has these amino acids in its primary structure glutamic acid lysink leucine and tryptophan Predict where you would find each amino acid in the interior portion of the protein away from water or on the outside of the protein facing water

6 Define or describe the 4 levels of protein structure What type of bonds are responsible for stabilizing these levels 7 A globular protein that is ordinarily found in aqueous solution has these amino acids in its primary structure glutamic acid lysink leucine and tryptophan Predict where you would find each amino acid in the interior portion of the protein away from water or on the outside of the protein facing water

3 Describe the structure and geometry of a water molecule and explain what properties emerge as a result of this structure Explain how these properties of water are related to the phenomena described in parts a f below More than one property may be used to explain a given phenomenon I a Many substances for example salt NaCl and sucrose dissolve quickly in water b When you pour water into a 25 ml graduated cylinder a meniscus forms at the top of the water column c A bottle contains a liquid mixture of equal parts water and mineral oil You shake the bottle vigorously and then set it on the table this mixture separates into layers of oil over water d Sweating cools your skin e Frozen water on a lake insulates the liquid water in the lake f If you touch the edge of a paper towel to a drop of colored water the water will move up

estion 5 You label cells with a radioactive isotope of sulfur 35S The only molecules that would be radioactively labeled in these cells are O Proteins O Lipids O Nucleic acids O Carbohydrates

estion 2 1 points Benedict s reagent is a chemical that is used as a test for the presence of a free aldehyde functional group on glucose The aldehyde is used when glucose and fructose bind together to form sucros and the Benedict s test is negative Starch contains a great deal of glucose but gives a negative Benedict s test because O starch is not soluble in water and cannot react with Benedict s reagent all of the aldehyde groups on the starch are oxidized and cannot react with the Benedict s reagent only the glucose at the end of a chain of starch will have an exposed aldehyde functional group to react with Benedict s reagent Save

Moving to another question will save this response estion 3 Sudan IV a dye that binds to nonpolar molecules is used to detect the presence of macromolecules in food Sudan IV would test positive in the presence of what macromolecule O Starch

estion 4 How many water molecules are produced during the formation of a triglyceride from fatty acids and glycerol 01

application anatomical Perhaps the oldest method of producing images of internal structures of the human body is sketching dissected specimens More recent technology has produced a number of advanced techniques of producing images of human structures One such technique first produced by Wilhelm Roentgen around the turn of the previous century is radiography This technique which is also called x ray photography uses radiation waves that pass through the specimen and onto photographic film Because the waves pass more easily through soft tissue than through dense tissue such as bone shadows of some structures are visible when the film is R A BRA B FIGURE 13 17 A Standard radiograph of the lumbar region notice the images developed Figure 13 17 A shows a radiograph or x ray photograph of the lumbar region Can you identify the structures indicated A more recent variation of this technique is computed tomogra phy CT A CT scanner emits a beam of x rays in a circular path around the subject After passing through the body the beams are processed by a computer that is able to reconstruct a three dimen sional image of internal structures The operator can view differen sections of the body on a video monitor Figure 13 17 B shows a CT image of a horizontal section of the upper abdomen A vertebr is clearly shown can you identify its parts 10 2 5 que perpective B CT image of the abdomen Label the structures

estion 7 If a pair of monosaccharides are bonded together during dehydration synthesis a molecule of glycerol is formed O True O False

Question 2 Which of the following would be ways to denature a protein Extreme heat Exposure to acidic basic conditions O Exposure to extremely saline conditions Freezing

deas 6 messed up a couple of times in front of the class It turns out that the next day we managed to find out who won the election and it was my other friend who won the election She wasn t my friend at the time since it was the beginning of 6th grade When I found out she won I tried acting happy for her but at the same time I was jealous But now that I look back at it when she and I started talking more we became good friends I started to stop getting jealous of her getting the set And I would start to help her get elected for a position called secretary and I would help color in her poster and give feedback She ended up doing a good job Sometimes she looks back at the situation and says she doesn t know about it to this day but it was a tiny incident And because both of us tried to run for student council we became really good friends over time Exemplary The narrative tructure 6 13 19 25 skillfully describes an incident and a choice made and thoroughly reflects on the lesson learned shows clear evidence of skillful revision to improve meaning clarity and adherence to the narrative style includes thoughtful reflection with explanations for changes Comments 13 19 Exemplary The narrative Exemplary The narrative 25 Files 1 has an engaging beginning that hooks the reader and reveals all aspects of the incident has a middle that vividly describes the series of events leading to the incident as well as the narrator s feelings thoughts and actions has a reflective ending that examines the consequences of the choice Use of Language 6 13 19 25 effectively uses sensory details and figurative language to vividly show the incident contains few or no errors in spelling punctuation or capitalization Drafts Revisions and Timliness Rubric

The piece of equipment that allows us to quantify turbidity of a microbial culture is called a ar O hemocytometer O spectrophotometer O gas chromatographer thermometer

separating DNA from mixtures genome editing testing rodent social behavior Question 21 1 point 4 Listen The limit of resolution can best be defined as O the distance that two objects must be apart to be distinguished as separate objects the magnification power of a microscope the inverse of the wavelength of light it is greatest for black light the distance that an object must be moved to be distinguished from its background

Monomers are removed from polymers by condensation hydrolysis O substitution neutralization reactions

ter spread on the surface of the moon what effect would it have temperature If we could keep a layer Because water has a high heat of vaporization the temperatures would rise to the upper extremes Physical conditions would remain the same Water would absorb and hold heat and moderate the temperature extremes The temperatures would drop to the lower extremes Question 8 1 point Listen Why do ionic substances such as NaCl dissolve so readily in water The sodium ions repel the negative end of the water molecule lonic substances do not dissolve in water The charged ends of the water molecules are able to surround the oppositely charged salt ion

ressed You would be studying the macrophage information O amplicon genome transcriptome metabolome to obtain this Question 6 1 point 4 Listen Which of the following is not a fundamental property of carbon Carbon containing molecules are diverse Carbon containing molecules may form stereoisomers Carbon atoms are most likely to form ionic bonds with one another

Why should biological cells not be in a state of equilibrium

ePage s 91 92 5 1 Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration support life on Earth One reason indoor environments are sometimes perceived to be less healthy than outdoor environments is that the level of carbon dioxide is slightly elevated indoors Drag word s below to fill in the blank s in the passage One way The atmospheric composition indoors is likely due to the human process of cellular people sometimes combat this trend is by having indoor plants These organisms increase the concentration of in the atmosphere by carrying out the metabolic process of respiration carbon dioxide oxygen nitrogen anabolism photosynthesis

Question 5 1 point Listen What are molecules with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions called Non polar lonic Polar Amphipathic

Question 2 1 point Listen Which of the following examples is most likely part of a negative feedback loop Production of sweat as body temperature increases When a stimulus alters the body s natural state and any response by the body moves us further away from homeostasis Relaxation of the cervix during childbirth

Compare and contrast anabolic and catabolic processes by dragging the labels to the correct areas of the Venn diagram photosynthesis releases energy metabolic pathway aerobic respiration rock eater microbes storing electricity in chemical bonds Anabolic ATP is present uses energy Both Catabolic

Page 97 5 4 Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways A genetic mutation causes the three dimensional shape of a photosynthetic enzyme to change but the active site is unaffected Which of the following is are likely the result s The associated metabolic reaction takes more energy This enzyme s shape is not affected by pH The substrate molecules cannot attach to the enzyme The enzyme now must use an induced fit reaction There would be no effect on normal enzyme function

Drag the following descriptions to the appropriate process Sunlight Photosynthesis breaks down sugar catabolism anabolism Drag each item above to its appropriate location in the image Note that every item may not have a match while some items may ha than one match CO and H O out synthesizes sugar 4 Sugars and O out Cellular respiration

To make a 50ml of 0 8 agarose solution in 1X TBE we need O a 1 4g Ob 0 4g O c 0 9g d Need the molar mass of agarose to solve this g of agarose

The purpose of TE RNase A Buffer is to O a Cut up RNA so we can extract and amplify it further Ob Cut up RNA so it does not interfere with the DNA sequence we are amplifying O c Allow conductivity of DNA to move from the cathode to the anode d Provides a stable environment for Tag polymerase

Read this experiment and then answer the questions below Kate wanted to figure out what type of liquid worked best for growing beans She watered one with coca cola one with lemonade and one with just water After one week she measured how high they had grown Which is the independent variable in this experiment height of plant type of bean plant type of liquid used to water plants

Part A Identify the structure found within the circle labeled B

3 When turning left at an intersection You should always yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians Oncoming traffic and pedestrians should yield to you

When discussing functional groups R means any other group True O False

The higher the pH O the greater the hydroxide concentration O the greater the hydrogen ion concentration the more acid the solution O the lower the pH number

Which of the following terms best describes polar O opposite charges are found on two different atoms O a molecule has covalent bonds a molecule is composed of two of the same atoms O a compound is composes of hydrogen and carbon

The valence of oxygen is 3 O True O False

f the paper chromatography can be seen in Calculations Use the ruler located at the right side of the paper chromatography to calculate the R value for each amino aid in each sample Show your work below Solvent front Start line 2 What is the purpose of spraying the paper with a 0 5 solution of ninhydrin 3 Based on your calculations what amino acids are in samples 1 3 Bacterial Species E coli S aureus Sagalactiae Sample 11 Sample 2 Analysis 1 Referring to the procedure what is the purpose of exposing the dipeptide samples to a 6N HCI solution Sample 3 Medium Composition 70 arginine 20 glutamine 10 threonine 50 valine 10 alanine 40 scrine 60 glutamic acid 10 valine 30 leucine Figure 2 Developed paper chromatography 4 Once you have determined the amino acid composition of each sample you are told that each sample was taken from a specific species of bacteria The dipeptide samples represent the amino acids that are most important to the bacteria s survival and reproduction You are not told which sample represents which bacteria but you are given the amino acid composition of the medium that each bacteria grows best in Medium is a solution of nutrients that allow bacteria to survive and reproduce in a lab Use the table below to determine the species of bacteria that each sample represents

20 15 This road sign means YIELD Form single lane

18 How in general do unemployment rates vary by age race ethnicity gender occupation and education

EN 000 OOO OOO Q III IV A normal economy will never be in by innovation Innovation increases the economy Innovation stimulates investment lys be disrupte All of the economic ideas in the list belong to which of the following economists John Maynard Keynes O Adam Smith O Friedrich Hayek

Select all that apply Which are similarities between RNA and DNA Both are built using a monomer that contains a hexose sugar Both are built from monomers con taining a pentose sugar a phos phate and a base Both are made of subunits linked by phosphodiester bonds Both include the bases A T C G and U Both include the bases A T C and G Both contain ribose sugar Both are responsible for the trans mission of genetic information be tween generations Both are made of nucleotides Both contain deoxyribose sugar

3 Compare and contrast the long run trend and short run trend of US real GDP

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Complete the following conversions The Metric System Chart is below to help you remember the basic unit is not provided in the chart 1 p 352 TL 2 1 302 074 nm 3 0 00000033432 Gg 4 0 00023033351L 5 9 111 Kg 6 0 573 mm Metric System Conversions 7 2 360 284 642 hl 8 1 000 392 mg 9 1 265 098 Pennies 10 751 ML cm dam Nickels ug g dg aL pL Quarters

4 Some of the following steps are used in the acid fast Ziehl Neelsen staining procedure but some of the listed steps are not used First draw a line through the steps you would not use Next place the remaining steps in sequential order with 1 bel the earliest step Heat fix the samples on the slide Add bacteria to the slide Add methylene blue to the slide Steam the smears with carbolfuchsin Add acid alcohol to the slide Heat the methylene blue

4 Globular protein pores called aquaporins allow while other integral proteins selectively transport ions and other specific molecules 5 What are glycoproteins Glycoproteins are proteins that have carbohydrates attached to them Why are they said to be peripheral Because they are found on the outer surface of cells or membranes 6 What is this molecule What is the function of this molecule water Part 2 Passive Transport Diffusion to pass through In what type of cells is it found 7 Construct a Cell Membrane by answering questions one through ten in the computer based activity

2 Congo red is a red acidic stain and methylene blue is a blue basic stain What should be the result of staining a bacterial smear with a mixture of eosin and methylene blue

Select all that apply The secondary structure of protein folding includes more than one polypeptide alpha helices beta pleated sheets large scale folding of the polypeptide held in place with various types of chemica teractions

Select all that apply A carboxyl group is present in all amino acids and contains a carbon atom two hydrogen atoms a nitrogen atom an OH group