Introduction to Physiology Questions and Answers
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyInterstitial fluid represents one type of extracellular material.
True
False
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyWhich type of cell or cellular structure is not found in the epidermis?
pain receptors
dendritic cells
keratinocytes
melanocytes
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyBriefly explain the advantages and disadvantages of diversity in a department or organization.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyMarie and Joan are the same height, but Marie weighs 25 pounds more than Joan. When they go hiking in cold weather, Joan needs two more layers of clothing than Marie to stay warm. Which of the following explains why?
Marie has more subcutaneous fat, which is metabolized to provide warmth.
Marie has more dermal blood vessels, which constrict to increase blood flow to the core.
Marie has more subcutaneous fat, which insulates the body's core.
Marie has a thicker epidermal layer, which insulates her body's core more efficiently.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyDiscuss contemporary American funerals.
a. Describe two alternative to the funeral discussed in the text.
b. Using course material and concepts to support your answer, discuss what it might mean to the future of American funerals when caskets can now be bought online at big box stores such as Costco?
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyWhich of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?
calcitonin
thyroid hormones
calcitriol
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyA Caucasian patient with pale skin is treated for low blood pressure with medication that elevates the blood pressure; however, the skin's pallor does not change. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the pallor in this patient?
A. respiratory disease that results in the blood being poorly oxygenated
B. the presence of hematomas in the skin
C. hypertension caused by excessive use of the medication
D. Anemia
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyPlace the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex:
1. molecules
2. atoms
3. tissues
4. cells
5. organs
A. 1-2-4-3-5
B. 2-1-3-4-5
C. 2-1-4-3-5
D. 1-2-3-4-5
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyWhich of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?
oxygen transport
circulating antibody
forms a lipid bilayer
molecular transport through the membrane
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyResponsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them.
True
False
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyIt is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it.
True
False
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyCompare bargaining unit determination in the public and private sectors.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyWhich system helps regulate temperature and protects the body?
A. urinary
B. respiratory
C. skeletal
D. integumentary
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyThe supplying of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide in the lungs is a function of the
A. digestive system
B. circulatory system
C. respiratory system
D. excretory system
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyThe source of the fluid that accumulates in a blister is__________
A. water that is absorbed from the environment into the skin
B. water that is squeezed out of the overlying epidermal cells
C. the plasma of the blood flowing through the numerous dermal blood vessels
D. none of the above
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyThere are two questions on this exam that ask you to name the two types of cholinergic receptors. Please name one of the two types on this question and the other on the identical question on this exam.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyBriefly describe the five fatal flaws that cause derailment.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyWhich type of gland secretes its products directly into the blood stream?
mucus
endocrine
serous
exocrine
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyAccording to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, in situations of moderate favorability, a relationship-oriented leader.
A. supervises jobs that are clearly defined.
B. defines task structure and establishes authority over subordinates.
C. may be moderately well liked and have some power.
D. may maintain poor leader-member relations.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyThe to leadership seek to delineate the characteristics of situations and followers and examine the leadershipstyle that can be used effectively.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyA leadership style that works in one situation might not work in another situation. There is no one best way of leadership. Discuss.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyBriefly describe the difference between the in-group and the out-group in the vertical dyad linkage model of individualized leadership.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyWhich of the following is not an effector tissue of the ANS?
skeletal muscle
glands
Smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologySelect ALL that apply.
Which are the basic cell functions?
reproduction
move materials within cell
contraction and force generation
Oform dispersed cells in E.C.M.
obtain food and oxygen
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyBehaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by
studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior
studying implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests
studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes
studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyWhat does ataraxia mean?
A state of calmness, free from anxiety
A state of trepidation or fear
A state of discontent
A state of jubilation
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyPsychology refers to the
systematic study of human interaction
experimental study of individuals
scientific study of the mind and behavior.
empirical study of humanity
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyZachary wants to tailor his language to make his generic speech more specific to his audience. How can he use audience analysis to cater his language to his specific audience?
He can use concrete language.
He can simplify his speech.
He can avoid exclusionary language
He can use words that reflect the regional dialect of his audience.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyCognitive development: An example of the preoperational child's thinking; if you were to fill a tall beaker with 8 ounces of water this child would think that it was "more" than a short, wide bowl filled with 8 ounces of water. However, concrete operational children can understand the concept of _______ which means that changing one quality (in this example, height or water level) can be compensated for by changes in another quality (width).
Conservation
Seriation
Classification
Reversibility
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyThe sodium-potassium pump is an example of an active transport process in which substances can be transferred across the plasma membrane. According to the "animation" in APR, which of the following is a TRUE statement?
1) The Na+/K+ pump is a specialized lipid molecule found in the cell membrane..
2) The Na+/K* pump is type of carbohydrate that can engulf substances to bring them into the cell.
3) The Nat/K+ pump is a carrier protein in the plasma membrane that can change shape.
4) all of the above
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyIn the experiment on the YouTube video, the egg placed in the solution of corn syrup due to loss of water due to osmosis. The solution the egg was placed into is said to be
1) shrank; hypotonic
2) enlarged, hypotonic
3) shrank; hypertonic
4) enlarged; hypertonic
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyIn the clinical world saline solutions has many uses - rehydrating a patient, irrigation of wounds, removing thick secretions from the airways of someone on ventilation, traumatic brain injuries and even eye drops. Isotonic saline is 0.9%. What could happen if a 3% saline solution is given intravenously?
1) the solution would be hypertonic to the body's cells and the cells would swell.
2) the solution would be hypotonic to the body's cells and the cells would swell.
3) the solution would be hypertonic to the body's cells and the body's cells would shrink.
4) the solution would be hypotonic to the body's cells and the cells would shrink.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyDuring cell respiration a H+ ion gradient is created inside the mitochondria and used to make ATP. Which mitochondrial compartment contains the concentrated H+ ions?
cytoplasm
outer mitochondrial membrane
cytochromes
intermembrane space
extracellular fluid
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyWhich of the following is NOT a catabolic source of energy to produce ATP?
fatty acids
acetyl CA
amino acids
glucose
all of the above are catabolic sources of energy
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyWhich of the following is correct about the primary tissues of the body?
Organs contain two or more tissue types
There are five tissue types
Endocrine tissue is found in every organ
All organs contain connective tissue and muscle tissue
None of the above are correct
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyProteins and phospholipids
are synthesized in the mitochondria
are amphipathic molecules
form transmembrane channels spanning through the plasma membrane
move laterally throughout the plasma membrane
contain enzymes to oxidize toxic molecules
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyThe membrane potential experiences a brief hyperpolarization following the spike of the action potential. What causes the hyperpolarization?
voltage gated K+ channels close slowly allowing K+ ions to continue to leave the cell
the opening of leaky Na+ channels
the Na+/K+ pump briefly reverses the direction of ion flow
both Na+ channels and K+ channels become inactivated
Na+ and Cl- enter the cell until the Na+/Cl- pump closes
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyWhich type of regulation occurs when the end-product enhances or amplifies the processes that stimulate its own production?
feedforward mechanism
positive feedback
autonomic regulation
negative feedback
extrinsic control
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyWhich of the following is not broken down and used in the Kreb's cycle?
fatty acids
cholesterol
amino acids
glucose
pyruvate
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyDuring chemiosmosis,
energy is released as H+ ions move freely across mitochondrial membranes.
ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase.
a concentration gradient is generated when large numbers of H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the mitochondrion's intermembrane space.
H+ ions serve as the final electron acceptor.
pyruvate is oxidized
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyWhich statement about ATP is true?
It contains five phosphate groups.
Extremely stable bonds link the second and third phosphate groups.
It contains the sugar glucose.
It releases energy when one phosphate group leaves ATP.
None of the above are true
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyWhich of the following statements about Acetyl CoA is incorrect?
oxidation of pyruvate generates acetyl CA
acetyl CoA is produced from fatty acid tails
high energy electrons and protons are transferred by acetyl CoA to the electron transport chain
excess acetyl CoA from starving, dieting, or diabetes is often converted into ketones
acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate to create citrate in the Kreb's cycle
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyWhich substance(s) will cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?
a large hydrophilic molecule
a small hydrophobic molecule
water
ions such as Na+ and K+
all the above
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyEvery homeostatic control mechanism includes all the following except
a receptor
an effector
positive feedback
an integrating center
all the above are included in every homeostatic control system
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyThe citric acid cycle generates the high-energy product
acetyl CoA.
lactic acid.
oxygen.
carbon dioxide.
NADH.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyPyruvate requires processing before entering the Kreb's Cycle. This step
takes place in the mitochondria
may involve the conversion of pyruvate into lactic acid
creates a gradient of hydrogen ions (H+)
decreases the synthesis of glycogen due to negative feedback
requires oxaloacetate
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyRuslan is obsessively watching the news about an outbreak of a particularly dangerous strain of the flu. Although he hasn't been exposed to the flu and has had a flu shot, Ruslan is convinced that the slight pain in his chest is a sign of the flu; he is unable to eat nor sleep, worrying about his health. Ruslan is exhibiting classic signs of
hypochondriasis
catastrophizing
pain disorder
fugue disorder
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to PhysiologyThe three accessory glands of the male reproductive system are the
which makes an alkaline fluid filled with fructose for the sperm, the
which lies directly inferior to the bladder, and
which help to clean the urethra prior to ejaculation.