Introduction to Physiology Questions and Answers

Carbon dioxide (CO2) from tissue cells forms when combined with water.
This compound dissociates into H+ and and participates in an important buffering system in the blood.
carbonic acid, HCO3
hydrochloric acid, CI
carbonic acid, CO3
hydrochloric acid, bicarbonate ions
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Carbon dioxide (CO2) from tissue cells forms when combined with water. This compound dissociates into H+ and and participates in an important buffering system in the blood. carbonic acid, HCO3 hydrochloric acid, CI carbonic acid, CO3 hydrochloric acid, bicarbonate ions
When the glucose transport maximum is reached,
all of the glucose is reabsorbed
glucose is excreted in the urine and all of the glucose is reabsorbed
not all of the glucose is reabsorbed
glucose is excreted in the urine and not all of the glucose is reabsorbed
glucose is excreted in the urine
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
When the glucose transport maximum is reached, all of the glucose is reabsorbed glucose is excreted in the urine and all of the glucose is reabsorbed not all of the glucose is reabsorbed glucose is excreted in the urine and not all of the glucose is reabsorbed glucose is excreted in the urine
Ketonuria usually indicates abnormal metabolic processes that may be due to
a transfusion reaction
hepatitis or other liver pathologies
diets very low in carbohydrates
obesity and gross overeating
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Ketonuria usually indicates abnormal metabolic processes that may be due to a transfusion reaction hepatitis or other liver pathologies diets very low in carbohydrates obesity and gross overeating
Estrogen is produced by cells of the ovary. Progesterone is produced by the cells after ovulation.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Estrogen is produced by cells of the ovary. Progesterone is produced by the cells after ovulation.
What are found on the fimbrae of fallopian tubes, to create currents to allow the oocyte to be sucked into the fallopian tube?
Microvilli
Mechanoceptors
Cilia
Goblet cells
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
What are found on the fimbrae of fallopian tubes, to create currents to allow the oocyte to be sucked into the fallopian tube? Microvilli Mechanoceptors Cilia Goblet cells
is the hormone that causes the proliferative phase of the endometrium. is the hormone that causes the secretory phase of the endometrium.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
is the hormone that causes the proliferative phase of the endometrium. is the hormone that causes the secretory phase of the endometrium.
What pump is used at the proximal convoluted tubule to transport sodium out of the tubule and into the peritubular capillary?
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
What pump is used at the proximal convoluted tubule to transport sodium out of the tubule and into the peritubular capillary?
Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is true?
are the most numerous agranulocyte
have the longest life span of any blood cell
are anucleate cells
ontain granules that bind oxygen and carbon dioxide
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is true? are the most numerous agranulocyte have the longest life span of any blood cell are anucleate cells ontain granules that bind oxygen and carbon dioxide
Human chorionic gonadotrophin, hCG, produced by the forming embryo, is essential for pregnancy to occur because:
it acts as a growth hormone for the developing baby
it can be detected in a woman's urine
it allows the corpus luteum to continue producing estrogen and progesterone
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Human chorionic gonadotrophin, hCG, produced by the forming embryo, is essential for pregnancy to occur because: it acts as a growth hormone for the developing baby it can be detected in a woman's urine it allows the corpus luteum to continue producing estrogen and progesterone
Body - discussion: 2 Applications in real life of each of the following:
1. Groups
2. Subgroups
3. Homomorphism
4. Isomorphism
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Body - discussion: 2 Applications in real life of each of the following: 1. Groups 2. Subgroups 3. Homomorphism 4. Isomorphism
In the cell-based theory of blood coagulation, what triggers the initiation phase?

Presence of plasmin
Spontaneous production of thrombin
Production of tenase
Presence of tissue factor
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
In the cell-based theory of blood coagulation, what triggers the initiation phase? Presence of plasmin Spontaneous production of thrombin Production of tenase Presence of tissue factor
Define glomerular filtration rate.

The percent of blood plasma that passes through the filtration membrane.

The amount of filtrate that is reabsorbed during a 24-hour period.

The amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys in one minute.

The rate at which the kidneys remove a substance from the blood.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Define glomerular filtration rate. The percent of blood plasma that passes through the filtration membrane. The amount of filtrate that is reabsorbed during a 24-hour period. The amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys in one minute. The rate at which the kidneys remove a substance from the blood.
The blood flow into most peripheral tissues in the body is governed by which
of the following:
i) Myogenic control
ii) Vasoactive metabolic byproducts
iii) The number of open capillary beds

ii) only
i), ii), and iii)
i) only
ii) and iii) only
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
The blood flow into most peripheral tissues in the body is governed by which of the following: i) Myogenic control ii) Vasoactive metabolic byproducts iii) The number of open capillary beds ii) only i), ii), and iii) i) only ii) and iii) only
Choose the correct answer:
1. Tubular secretion is usually a passive process
2. Tubular secretion is usually an active process, saturable, mostly in proximal convoluted tubule
3. Passive excretion - charged particles cannot passively cross tubular membranes.
4. Acidification is used in salicylic acid poisoning to increase excretion.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Choose the correct answer: 1. Tubular secretion is usually a passive process 2. Tubular secretion is usually an active process, saturable, mostly in proximal convoluted tubule 3. Passive excretion - charged particles cannot passively cross tubular membranes. 4. Acidification is used in salicylic acid poisoning to increase excretion.
What is a tastant?
Select one:

a. A substance dissolved in saliva that causes taste cells to depolarize.
b. A cell found within a taste bud that depolarizes when stimulated.
c. A structure found within the inner ear that translates vibration into sound.
d. A supporting cell in the olfactory epithelium that connects the sensations of taste and olfaction.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
What is a tastant? Select one: a. A substance dissolved in saliva that causes taste cells to depolarize. b. A cell found within a taste bud that depolarizes when stimulated. c. A structure found within the inner ear that translates vibration into sound. d. A supporting cell in the olfactory epithelium that connects the sensations of taste and olfaction.
Large molecules move across cell membrane with the help or assistance of protein carriers. This type of transport is generically called _______.

Select one:
a. mediated transport
b. active transport
c. passive transport
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Large molecules move across cell membrane with the help or assistance of protein carriers. This type of transport is generically called _______. Select one: a. mediated transport b. active transport c. passive transport
What type of sensory receptors detect the pain associated with "brain freeze"?
Chemoreceptors
Interoceptors
Exteroceptors
Proprioceptors
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
What type of sensory receptors detect the pain associated with "brain freeze"? Chemoreceptors Interoceptors Exteroceptors Proprioceptors
Which is true of T lymphocytes.

They specialize in the thymus.
All options are true.
They are a specialized type of red blood cell.
They are part if the innate defenses.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Which is true of T lymphocytes. They specialize in the thymus. All options are true. They are a specialized type of red blood cell. They are part if the innate defenses.
Which of the following is not true of hypersensitivity reactions?
They only affect children.
They may affect people with inherited ability to have an exaggerated immune
response.
They occur when a person is pre-sensitized to a certain antigen.
They are an exaggerated immune response to non-harmful antigen.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Which of the following is not true of hypersensitivity reactions? They only affect children. They may affect people with inherited ability to have an exaggerated immune response. They occur when a person is pre-sensitized to a certain antigen. They are an exaggerated immune response to non-harmful antigen.
Dissociation
-only occurs in people with a dissociative disorder
-is a sign that something is seriously wrong
-is extremely common and not necessarily
pathological
-is extremely rare and not necessarily pathological
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Dissociation -only occurs in people with a dissociative disorder -is a sign that something is seriously wrong -is extremely common and not necessarily pathological -is extremely rare and not necessarily pathological
What is the most common eating disorder
worldwide?
-Anorexia nervosa
-Bulimia nervosa
-Binge-eating disorder
-Purging disorder
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
What is the most common eating disorder worldwide? -Anorexia nervosa -Bulimia nervosa -Binge-eating disorder -Purging disorder
Consciously faking symptoms is characteristic of
-malingering.
-hypochondriasis.
-somatization disorder.
-somatic symptom disorder.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Consciously faking symptoms is characteristic of -malingering. -hypochondriasis. -somatization disorder. -somatic symptom disorder.
The inverse relationship between pressure and volume is
known as:
Newton's law.
Dalton's law.
Hering-Breuer reflex
Boyle's law.
Clinton's law.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
The inverse relationship between pressure and volume is known as: Newton's law. Dalton's law. Hering-Breuer reflex Boyle's law. Clinton's law.
The basic structural unit of muscle is the sarcomere; and illustrating a refinement of the BASIC CELL TYPE;
having new names to describe well-characterized macromolecular complexes and organelles. Two
strations of this terminology, respectively, are the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. TF
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
The basic structural unit of muscle is the sarcomere; and illustrating a refinement of the BASIC CELL TYPE; having new names to describe well-characterized macromolecular complexes and organelles. Two strations of this terminology, respectively, are the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. TF
APOPTOSIS is a phenomenon of cellular death that is gradual and has been termed "programmed cell
death," where a cell actively takes part in its own cell death; indicating the disintegration of organelles and
organellar membranes; and has been likened to leaves falling from a tree over time. T F
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
APOPTOSIS is a phenomenon of cellular death that is gradual and has been termed "programmed cell death," where a cell actively takes part in its own cell death; indicating the disintegration of organelles and organellar membranes; and has been likened to leaves falling from a tree over time. T F
You smell cookies baking in the oven and your salivary glands start to produce saliva.
Choose the correct answer:
A signal travels to the brain along somatic sensory efferent fibers, and then the
brain sends instructions to the salivary glands along somatic motor afferent
fibers.
A signal travels to the brain along visceral sensory afferent fibers, and then the
brain sends instructions to the salivary glands along visceral motor efferent
fibers.
A signal travels to the brain along visceral sensory efferent fibers, and then the
brain sends instructions to the salivary glands along visceral motor afferent
fibers.
A signal travels to the brain along somatic sensory afferent fibers, and then the
brain sends instructions to the salivary glands along visceral motor afferent
fibers.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
You smell cookies baking in the oven and your salivary glands start to produce saliva. Choose the correct answer: A signal travels to the brain along somatic sensory efferent fibers, and then the brain sends instructions to the salivary glands along somatic motor afferent fibers. A signal travels to the brain along visceral sensory afferent fibers, and then the brain sends instructions to the salivary glands along visceral motor efferent fibers. A signal travels to the brain along visceral sensory efferent fibers, and then the brain sends instructions to the salivary glands along visceral motor afferent fibers. A signal travels to the brain along somatic sensory afferent fibers, and then the brain sends instructions to the salivary glands along visceral motor afferent fibers.
Which of the following is more likely to occur in younger men than older men?
testicular cancer
prostate cancer
Openile cancer
epididymal cancer
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Which of the following is more likely to occur in younger men than older men? testicular cancer prostate cancer Openile cancer epididymal cancer
What is a media monopoly?
Nationalized ownership of mass media
A media outlet exclusively focused on a particular type of news, usually political
The concentration of media ownership by a few large corporations
A media outlet that is all or mostly funded through public funds
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
What is a media monopoly? Nationalized ownership of mass media A media outlet exclusively focused on a particular type of news, usually political The concentration of media ownership by a few large corporations A media outlet that is all or mostly funded through public funds
The auditory tube
carries sound to the inner ear.
carries sound to the eardrum.
helps maintain balance.
equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and outside air.
amplifies sound waves.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
The auditory tube carries sound to the inner ear. carries sound to the eardrum. helps maintain balance. equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and outside air. amplifies sound waves.
Discussion Question 2: Describe, in detail, the Zone of
Proximal Development and Scaffolding. Give three
examples of each.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Discussion Question 2: Describe, in detail, the Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding. Give three examples of each.
In response to stress, the hypothalamus increases the release of CRH, which increases__________ from the anterior pituitary and__________from the adrenal cortex. These hormones prolong the response to stress provided by the nervous system.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
In response to stress, the hypothalamus increases the release of CRH, which increases__________ from the anterior pituitary and__________from the adrenal cortex. These hormones prolong the response to stress provided by the nervous system.
What do all mood disorders have in common?
-The presence of a negative mood state
-They are at least six months in duration
-The presence of irrational thoughts and obnoxious
behaviors
-They are characterized by emotional extremes
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
What do all mood disorders have in common? -The presence of a negative mood state -They are at least six months in duration -The presence of irrational thoughts and obnoxious behaviors -They are characterized by emotional extremes
The term "crisis" refers to encountering a number of stressors simultaneously
True
False
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
The term "crisis" refers to encountering a number of stressors simultaneously True False
Bipolar disorder is the most prevalent mood disturbance.
True
False
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Bipolar disorder is the most prevalent mood disturbance. True False
In order to meet the criteria for a major depressive episode, a person must have
disinterest in pleasurable activities for at least two weeks
racing thoughts for at least a week
feelings of grandiosity over a period of three weeks
ongoing intense irritability or violent outbursts
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
In order to meet the criteria for a major depressive episode, a person must have disinterest in pleasurable activities for at least two weeks racing thoughts for at least a week feelings of grandiosity over a period of three weeks ongoing intense irritability or violent outbursts
Which protein is produced by virally infected cells to block viral replication in neighboring cells?
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Which protein is produced by virally infected cells to block viral replication in neighboring cells?
Which antibody class crosses the placenta to give immunity to give immunity to a newborn?
IgE
IgD
IgG
IgM
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Which antibody class crosses the placenta to give immunity to give immunity to a newborn? IgE IgD IgG IgM
List the phases of phagocytic mobilization in correct order:
Margination - neutrophils cling to the walls of capillaries in injured areas
Chemotaxis - inflammatory chemicals attract neutrophils to the injury site
Leukocytosis - neutrophils are released from the bone marrow in response to leukocytosis-inducing
factors released by injured cells
Margination - neutrophils cling to the walls of capillaries in injured areas
Diapedesis - neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls and begin phagocytosis
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
List the phases of phagocytic mobilization in correct order: Margination - neutrophils cling to the walls of capillaries in injured areas Chemotaxis - inflammatory chemicals attract neutrophils to the injury site Leukocytosis - neutrophils are released from the bone marrow in response to leukocytosis-inducing factors released by injured cells Margination - neutrophils cling to the walls of capillaries in injured areas Diapedesis - neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls and begin phagocytosis
What chemical is secreted by a Mast cell?
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
What chemical is secreted by a Mast cell?
How is the majority of oxygen transported in the blood?
Dissolved in plasma
Attached to hemoglobin inside the red blood cell
As bicarbonate in the plasma
Attached to Rh factor
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
How is the majority of oxygen transported in the blood? Dissolved in plasma Attached to hemoglobin inside the red blood cell As bicarbonate in the plasma Attached to Rh factor
The lung volume that represents the normal volume of air that is displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation is called?
Inspiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
Tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
The lung volume that represents the normal volume of air that is displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation is called? Inspiratory reserve volume Residual volume Tidal volume Expiratory reserve volume
Where in the digestive tract does segmentation primarily occur?
Esophagus
Small instestine
Stomach
Rectum
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Where in the digestive tract does segmentation primarily occur? Esophagus Small instestine Stomach Rectum
When the diaphragm constricts it moves upward
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
When the diaphragm constricts it moves upward
The bodies response to hypercapnia is:
Simple diffusion
Hyperventilation
Hyperpulmonation
Hypoventilation
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
The bodies response to hypercapnia is: Simple diffusion Hyperventilation Hyperpulmonation Hypoventilation
Which of the following helps to convert pepsinogen into pepsin (more than one answer may be correct)?
HCL
Heparin
Pepsinogen
Pepsin
Hemoglobin
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Which of the following helps to convert pepsinogen into pepsin (more than one answer may be correct)? HCL Heparin Pepsinogen Pepsin Hemoglobin
Discuss the difference between symptoms and signs, and explain why both concepts are important in DSM-5 diagnosis. Provide examples.
Every student is required to post ONE personal response in the forum (one for each question) and also reflect on other students' posts (TWO additional comments per week). THREE posts per week in total. The short answer responses must be 200-250 words (not comments to other students' responses).
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Discuss the difference between symptoms and signs, and explain why both concepts are important in DSM-5 diagnosis. Provide examples. Every student is required to post ONE personal response in the forum (one for each question) and also reflect on other students' posts (TWO additional comments per week). THREE posts per week in total. The short answer responses must be 200-250 words (not comments to other students' responses).
GLUT4 transporters are
stored in cytoplasmic vesicles.
inserted into the plasma membrane in response to glucagon.
inserted into the plasma membrane by endocytosis.
found in adipose and skeletal muscles.
stored in cytoplasmic vesicles and found in adipose and skeletal muscles.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
GLUT4 transporters are stored in cytoplasmic vesicles. inserted into the plasma membrane in response to glucagon. inserted into the plasma membrane by endocytosis. found in adipose and skeletal muscles. stored in cytoplasmic vesicles and found in adipose and skeletal muscles.
Amylin is co-secreted with insulin. 
is co-secreted with glucagon. 
helps regulate glucose homeostasis by speeding up gastric emptying. 
is co-secreted with insulin and helps regulate glucose homeostasis by speeding up gastric emptying. 
is co-secreted with glucagon and helps regulate glucose homeostasis by speeding up gastric emptying.
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Amylin is co-secreted with insulin. is co-secreted with glucagon. helps regulate glucose homeostasis by speeding up gastric emptying. is co-secreted with insulin and helps regulate glucose homeostasis by speeding up gastric emptying. is co-secreted with glucagon and helps regulate glucose homeostasis by speeding up gastric emptying.
Last November, 91 people who ate meals served at a hotel restaurant in Las Vegas developed gastroenteritis with a fever 2-3 days after eating. Fifteen people were hospitalized. Epidemiologists reviewed the menu and interviewed the patients to discover all of them had eaten a potato salad with hollandaise sauce made with butter, lemon and raw egg yolks. What is the most likely cause of this gastroenteritis? 
Food-borne intoxication with Salmonella
Food-borne infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7
Botulism
Food-borne infection with Listeria monocytogenes
Food-borne infection with Salmonella
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Last November, 91 people who ate meals served at a hotel restaurant in Las Vegas developed gastroenteritis with a fever 2-3 days after eating. Fifteen people were hospitalized. Epidemiologists reviewed the menu and interviewed the patients to discover all of them had eaten a potato salad with hollandaise sauce made with butter, lemon and raw egg yolks. What is the most likely cause of this gastroenteritis? Food-borne intoxication with Salmonella Food-borne infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7 Botulism Food-borne infection with Listeria monocytogenes Food-borne infection with Salmonella
Which of the following choices gives the correct cell structure from outermost to innermost layer?
A) Cell membrane, nucleolus, nucleus, cytoplasm
B) Nucleolus, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
C) Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus
D) Cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus, cell membrane
Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Which of the following choices gives the correct cell structure from outermost to innermost layer? A) Cell membrane, nucleolus, nucleus, cytoplasm B) Nucleolus, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane C) Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus D) Cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus, cell membrane