Biology Questions

Date of Visit 12 24 YYYY unknown 1 31 1975 Patient Name Date of Birth Gender Patient Type Reason for Visit Notes Comments M Inpatient Psoriasis Unit 5 Case Study 3 PREPROCEDURE DIAGNOSIS Acute respiratory failure due to Hanta Virus POSTPROCEDURE DIAGNOSIS acute respiratory failure due to Hanta Virus INDICATIONS The patient was placed on Dovonex at night and triamcinolone during the day last time without improvement in his psoriasis The patient would like to start photochemotherapy with PUVA today unr intubated and placed on a ventilator for 16 hours Patient was transferred to the University

Describe two specific applications of recent genomic or proteomic advancements in biotechnology

In a cross of two F1 hybrid plants with purple flowers and round seeds PpRr what fraction of the offspring should have purple flowers and round seeds purple flowers and round seeds are the dominant traits 9 16 O 1 12 1 16 3 16 12 16

To determine if a plant with purple flowers is homozygous PP or heterozygous Pp for that trait one would do a test cross with plants of the genotype pp

A plant with purple flowers and round seeds PpRr is crossed with a plant with white flowers and wrinkled seeds pprr What fraction of the offspring should have white flowers and wrinkled seeds Purple flowers and round seeds are dominant O O 1 5 3 4 1 4 1 3 O 1 2

A plant that is true breeding for a particular trait is homozygous for that trait shows different traits in the F1 generation when crossed with itself is heterozygous for that trait will carry two different alleles for that trait

Two F1 hybrid plants with yellow round seeds YyRr are crossed What is the probability of getting an offspring with the genotype YYRr 4 8 1 8 1 16 2 8 Pos

Question 5 Which meiotic process results in the Law of Segregation ooo Homologous chromosomes separate into different gametes during Meiosis I O Homologous chromosomes undergoing crossing over during Meiosis I 0 Non homologous chromosomes segregating into different daughter cells independently of each other c Meiosis I

Mendel s Law of Independent Assortment states that the two alleles for a single character are separated during gamete production his Law of Segregation is not always true offspring inherit traits from their parents O homologous chromosomes pair up during Prophase I of meiosis O the alleles for different characters are randomly allocated to gametes

You cross two true breeding parents one with purple flowers and one with white flowers All c the F1 progeny offspring have purple flowers You grow and self pollinate this F1 generation a collect 500 F2 progeny How many purple flow Page 4 ould be produced 167 375 0 0 500

Each chromosome in a homologous pair possesses a different allele for flower color Which statement about this homologous pair of chro es is correct Page 9 The homologous chromosomes represent a maternal and a paternal chromosome The homologous chromosomes are formed by DNA replication The homologous chromosomes consist of a single chromatid at the start of meiosis I

You are given two plants One plant is tall and the other is short You cross these parental pla and find all F1 progeny are tall You cross the F1 progeny with one another and find the resul F2 generation is composed of 770 tall plants and 200 short plants You should conclude that Page 2 both parental plants are homozygous and short is dominant to tall both parental plants are heterozygous and short is dominant to tall you can t tell from the information given the F1 plants are heterozygous and tall is dominant to short

6 Your ultimate goal is to understand human consciousness however your advisor wants you to understand some basic facts about actin assembly first He tells you that ATP binds to actin monomers and is required for assembly but ATP hydrolysis is not necessary for polymerization since ADP can under certain circumstances substitute for the ATP requirement However ADP filaments are much less stable than ATP filaments thus supporting your secret suspicion that the free energy of ATP hydrolysis really is used to drive actin assembly ATP hydrolyzed mol 30 20 10 0 light scattering ATP hydrolysis 200 100 time seconde Your advisor suggests that you make careful measurements of the quantitative relationship between the number of ATP molecules 300 hydrolyzed and the number of actin monomers linked into polymer The experiments are straightforward To measure ATP hydrolysis you add ATPg 2P to a solution of polymerizing actin take samples at short intervals and determine how much radioactive phosphate has been produced To measure polymerization you follow in a spectrophotometer the increase in light scattering that is caused by formation of the actin filaments Your results are shown in Figure 5 Your light scattering measurements indicate that 20 micromoles of actin monomers were polymerized Since the number of polymerized actin monomers matches exactly the number of ATP molecules hydrolyzed you conclude that one ATP is hydrolyzed as each new monomer is added to an actin filament When you show your advisor the data and tell him your conclusions he smiles and very gently tells you to look more closely at the graph He says your data prove that actin can polymerize without ATP hydrolysis A What does your advisor see in the data that you have overlooked B What do your data imply about the distribution of ATP and ADP in

Question In animal cells the intracellular cytosolic pH is tightly regulated and maintained t 7 2 Several types of cotransport proteins are involved in the regulation of the cytosolic pH As shown in the figure the activity of three cotransport proteins that regulate the cytosolic pH changes with pH The direction of ion transport is indicated above the curve for each protein Assume that all these three cotransport proteins are present in a cell explain how they help to maintain the cytosolic pH at about 7 2 by answering the following questions 2 For each protein use your best judgment to indicate the movement of which ion provides the driving force for the protein to pump other ion s across the cytoplasmic membrane Give a brief reason to support each answer 100 Percent maximal rate of ion transport 50 DO Na CI Na HCO 6 8 7 0 Intracellular pH 7 2 7 4 HCO 7 6

cytosolic pH is tightly regulated and maintained to 7 2 Several types of cotransport proteins are involved in the regulation of the cytosolic pH As shown in the figure the activity of three cotransport proteins that regulate the cytosolic pH changes with pH The direction of ion transport is indicated above the curve for each protein Assume that all these three cotransport proteins are present in a cell explain how they help to maintain the cytosolic pH at about 7 2 by answering the following questions 1 Give a name to each cotransport protein e g ion1 ion2 symporter etc Percent maximal rate of ion transport 100 Na Na HCO3 CI 6 8 7 0 Intracellular pH 7 2 7 4 HCO3 7 6

10 Artificial selection is also known as selective breeding O selective heering O selective hearing genetic manipulation

9 The process of choosing parent organisms for desired characteristics is called O Artificial selection O Natural Selection O random selection genetic manipulation

8 True False Sympatric speciation does not relate to asexual reproduction O False

7 Which is not a geographical barrier that could lead to allopatric speciation O Birds getting separated from their population while a section of a forest is having its trees cut down O Half a population of bears being taken into an enclosure to be studied O The formation of the Grand Canyon separating a population of Abert s squirrels O A dam being built separating a school of salmon

6 True False A population does not need to be separated for allopatric speciation to occur False True

5 True False Polyploidy can result in new species being formed True O False

4 Which of the following does NOT tend to promote speciation O gene flow O the founder effect O natural selection Polyploidy

3 Which of the following statements about species as defined by the biologica species concept is are correct 1 Biological species are defined by reproductive isolation 2 Biological species are the model used for grouping extinct forms of life 3 All members of a species can potentially interbreed

2 Genetic variation O must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population O is created by the direct action of natural selection O arises in response to changes in the environment O tends to be reduced by when diploid organisms produce gametes

1 Natural selection O can favor beneficial mutations O completely eliminates harmful mutations O creates beneficial mutations O is a random process

have come across today alone back at you Let s investigate more ways transformations can be used in the real world Question 1 O Question Drag each label to the image that is related to the type of transformation I

The denaturing of proteins occurs when the stabilizing forces are altered Below is the set of processes in which proteins are denatured Classify the following processes according to the denaturing agent involved Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins View Available Hint s coagulation of meat proteins by cooking Mechanical action preparation of yogurt by adding bacteria cultures bleaching of hair with hydrogen peroxide Chemical action straightening frizzy and tangled hair using hair conditioner whipping of cream Heating action Reset Help

c How many moles of H O are required for the reaction of 0 33 mol of Cl H X Incorrect mol H O d How many moles of H O react if 0 37 mol HCI is formed i mol H O

22 23 91 20 19 516 18 Anwar A D A oblique section transverse section C sagittal section D frontal section section is Mustrated by the picture of the brain bolow

Reset Previous Next Put the following steps in the correct order from start to finish to show how CRISPR can be used to treat acne One or more of the steps may not be used Start by clicking the first item in the sequence or dragging it here Drag the items below into the box above in the correct order starting with the first item in the sequence A guide RNA is created that is complementary to a DNA sequence in acne causing bacteria that elicits an immune response in humans Cas9 cuts a specific gene in acne causing bacteria DNA repair mechanisms use complementary base pairing to introduce a new sequence A guide RNA is complexed with the Cas9 enzyme Cas9 is introduced to the acne causing bacteria

and Human Development 8 5 50 6 7 8 6 A spiritual leader is visiting with a resident The NA quietly leaves the room and shuts the door 6 Identify ways to accommodate cultural and religious differences A resident tells his nursing assistant that he is Muslim The NA begins to explain Christianity to him and asks him to attend a Christian service just to see what it is like Matching Use each letter only once 1 Agnosticism 2 3 4 A resident tells a nursing assistant that she does not believe in God The NA does believe in God but does not argue with the resident The NA listens quietly as the resident explains her reasons Islam 7 Judaism A Praying fives times a day facing Mecca and worshipping at mosques are part of this reli gion s practices Atheism Buddhism Christianity Hinduism B Being baptized and receiving communion may be part of this religion s practices C Believing that one does not know or cannot know if God exists D Emphasizing meditation and believing that Nirvana is the highest spiritual plane a per son can reach are part of this religion E Believing in karma is part of this religion F Believing that God gave laws through Moses in the form of the Torah is part of this religion Name G Actively denying the existence of any deity higher power Short Answer 8 List three examples of dietary restrictions that may be due to religious beliefs Multiple Choice 9 Which of the following is the name of a type of diet in which no animals or animal prod ucts are consumed and animal products may not be used or worn A High protein diet B Vegan diet C Kosher diet D Paleo diet Nam Dow 1 10 Not eating food or eating very little food for a period of time is called A Bingeing B Overeating C Fasting D Purging 2 4 7 Describe the need for activity Crossword Across 3 One type of cancer that regular physical activity lessens the risk of 5 Type of infection that inactivity can resul 6 The ability to cope with this is one benef regular activity

Select all that apply Ammonium sulfate is used in protein purification because Oproteins have varying solubilities in polar and ionic compounds ammonium sulfate when added to a protein solution causes proteins to interact with each other through hydrophobic interactions ammonium sulfate penetrates a protein s interior and increases the effective density of the protein ammonium sulfate attracts water away from proteins in solution by forming ion dipole bonds with the water ammonium sulfate increases solubility of proteins

The picture below shows the results of trypsin digestion of a peptide How do we know immediately from the results of the digestion that the C terminus of the original protein is tyrosine N Asp Ala G Arg Hi Cys Lys Trp Lys Ser Gau Asn Leu lke Arg Thr Tyr c Alp Ab Gly Arg Hi Cy Lys Trp Las Trypsin Set Clu Asn Leu lle Arg Thr Tyr O Tyrosine is confirmed by chymotrypsin to be the C terminus O Trypsin is specific for basic amino acids leaving them as the C terminus of peptides it generates therefore if a tyrosine is the C terminus of a fragment it was not generated by trypsin Trypsin always leaves tyrosine as the C terminus when it cleaves peptides O The premise of the question is incorrect From the available trypsin digest data we do not know that tyrosine is the C terminus O Tyrosine is always the C terminus of a protein

Suppose that the peptide Ala Met Lys Ser is reacted with phenylisothiocyanate at pH 8 0 followed by mild acidification which is the first cycle of the Edman method Which of the following would be released OPTH Ser and the peptide Ala Met Lys O The labeled peptide Ala Met Lys Ser PTH PTH Ala and the peptide Met Lys Ser O PTH Ala PTH Ser PTH Lys and PTH Met

02 01 MC How did Wegener s theory of continental drift differ from the current theory of plate tectonics O Wegener s theory did not explain how the continents could move O Wegener s theory did not explain how the coastlines of continents were similar O Wegener s theory did not explain how continents rock patterns could match O Wegener s theory did not explain how the fossils on different continents were similar

estion 24 Fructose and galactose both have six carbon atoms twelve hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms just like glucose A friend of yours says Since those sugars have the same number of atoms they should have the same name You answer While they do have the same number and type of atoms O they are all polysaccharides and have slightly different functions within organisms and therefore have different names O they are named differently because of their quaternary structures which is very important in carbohydrates especially glucose O they are named differently because when heated above their optimal temperature they become denatured and will not react with their substrates O they are named differently because they are involved in different DNA nucleotide formation O they are named differently because they are alternate forms of the monosaccharide glucose

A Moving to another question will save this response 2 points Sav A yellow jacket an insect in the order hymenoptera stung me A wasp an insect in hymenoptera stung me A hornet an insect in hymenoptera stung me I see a pattern All ins in this order must have stingers What type of reasoning does this represent O inductive reasoning O deductive reasoning reductionism O comparative reasoning uestion 4

Question 26 Enzymes function to O react with other enzymes to form a product O catalyze chemical reactions O transport molecules and ions across membranes O regulate messages between cells

uestion 30 Sudan IV a dye that binds to nonpolar molecules is used to detect the presence of macromolecules in food Sudan IV would test positive in the presence of what macrom points Starch O DNA O Hemoglobin O Chitin O Fats

uestion 29 Egg whites consist primarily of water and the protein albumin When you fry an egg why does the egg white turn from clear to white O The protein becomes dissociated O The protein acquires tertiary structure O The protein becomes denatured O The protein becomes dehydrated

estion 32 Matthew noticed that his house plants were wilting badly Which cell structure had most likely contracted O cytoplasm O cell wall O plasma membrane O vacuole

uestion 22 2 points Relatively small organic molecules with a central carbon atom which is bonded to a carboxyl group an amino group a carbon containing group and a hydrogen atom are cal amino acids O fatty acids O enzymes O peptides O nucleotides

Question 27 The DNA sequence capable of pairing with 5 CGATTAGT 3 is O 5 CGATTAGT 3 O 5 GCTAATCA 3 O 3 CGATTAGT 5 O 3 GCTAATCA 5

Question 5 Karl Popper suggested that scientists use imaginative preconception which means that successful scientists O do not keep records of experiments that fail O do not need to do experiments to test their ideas O only perform applied research O often predict the outcome of experiments O cannot predict the outcome of experiments

uestion 20 Question 2 points Magnesium chloride is a salt formed with ionic bonds between one magnesium ion and two chloride ions Magnesium has two electrons in its outer shell and chlorine has se electrons in its outer shell How are the electrons transferred between these atoms O Both magnesium and chlorine are reduced O Magnesium is oxidized and chlorine is reduced O Chlorine is oxidized and magnesium is reduced O Both magnesium and chlorine are oxidized

Question 18 Which element s isotope is commonly used to determine when biological samples such as fossils were formed O oxygen O hydrogen O carbon O nitrogen O sulfur

estion 16 When atoms gain or lose electrons they become negatively or positively charged These negatively or positively charged atoms are known as O isotopes O ions O isomers O unstable atoms

Question 14 Atomic nuclei contain protons and O moles O neutrons O isomers O ions

uestion 10 Cell theory is one of the foundations of biology What are the tenants of the cell theory Check all that apply O All organisms are made up of more than one cell All cells have the ability to move Cells carry genetic material passed to daughter cells during cellular division Cells arise from other cells through the process of cell division Organisms are formed through spontaneous generation All living organisms consist of cells

estion 7 2 points Save Answe In California a species of salamanders were geographically separated over time The group that lived in southern California relied heavily on large gold blotches on their skin that helped to camouflage them from predators The group that lived along the coast adopted a color pattern that mimicked a poisonous colorful newt common to that area Instead of being camouflaged these salamanders advertised their colors What type of selection process has occurred over time O theoretical selection O artificial selection experimental selection O natural selection