Biology Questions

How many microliters of the Brilliant Blue R solution do you need to add to the 20 g mL dilution tube No need to add the microliters unit to your answer just the number Components Brilliant Blue R sol at 5 g L L Water L Final volume L 15 g mL 20 g mL 25 g mL 30 g mL Dilution Dilution Dilution Dilution 1000 1000 1000 1000 35 g mL Dilution 1000

100 ng L is equal to 0 1 g mL 100 mg L 0 0001 g mL 100 mg mL Question 4 1 point 10 g mL is equal to 10 ng L 0 1 g L 10 g L 1000 mg L Saved

In your own words tell a me a lil in on nature

5 What was the greatest threat facing Civil war soldie

25 Looking at the diagram which vehicles are required to stop for the school bus on a multiple lane road B A E DD

Question 24 of 25 24 When you are facing a green light and there are pedestrians in the intersection You must yield the right of way to pedestrians

who Uses a false ID to purchase cigarettes

3 Capillary action happens when A B Gravity is stronger than adhesion Adhesion to the wall is stronger than the cohesive forces between the molecules The surface tension breaks and gravity takes over

Question 7 of 25 7 While driving on a roadway with single broken white line markings You ithin

Step 1 In your initial post respond to the following prompt Consider or imagine a time someone in your circle of friends and relatives posted a remark on social media or said something to you in person that you felt was culturally insensitive Alternately consider a time when a celebrity you admire said something you felt was culturally insensitive If Assuming you choose to address this how should you communicate with this person about what they said or posted What are the advantages and disadvantages of addressing this the way you choose to Is it possible for the original communication from the other person to be undone Also why is it important to be culturally aware and sensitive Even though you are recounting a personal experience you will want to tie that back to the material you have read in Chapter 1 Step 2 Read other students posts and respond to at least two other students Incorporate personal experience if appropriate to help support or debate other students posts If differences of opinion occur debate the issues and provide examples to support opinions The use of outside resources your textbook or other academic source is required Be sure to cite any outside sources in current APA format Due Date Online Class Initial posts must be submitted by due date Subsequent replies are due by the end of the week see Course Policies and Procedures or your Instructor for details Ground Class All post must be submitted by the due date

Task I need you to do an outline for the Argumentative essay comparing these two poems The Three Kingston of Nature and INTIMATE ASSOCIATIONS THE THREE KINGDOMS OF NATURE While drinking all at once I saw Why nature s made of three realms Animals and people both drink and love Each according to its urges The dolphin and eagle the flea and the dog Experience affection and use their mouths So whatever can drink and love both Those in the first kingdom have their place Vegetation then makes up the second realm That falls far short of the higher one Leaves have no love but they can drink When the dripping clouds sink low The cedar drinks the clover drinks the grapevine and the aloe tree So whatever drinks but cannot love Those in the second kingdom all belong The kingdom of stones makes up the third Diamonds we have and also gravel Stones feel no thirst no tender urges a stone grows without rain or love Well then whatever can neither drink nor love those in the third kingdom have their place And human tell me if you have neither love nor wine what are you A stone GOTTHOLD LESSING 1753 adapted by Robert Bly from the translation of Alfred Baskerville 18 INTIMATE ASSOCIATIONS The natural world is a spiritual house where the pillars that are alive let slip at times some strangely garbled words Man walks there through forests of physical things that are also spiritual things that watch him with affectionate looks As the echoes of great bells coming from a long way off become entangled in a deep and profound association a merging as huge as night or as huge as clear light odors and colors and sounds all mean each other Perfumes exist that are cool as the flesh of infants fragile as oboes green as open fields and others exist also corrupt dense and triumphant having the suggestions of infinite things such as musk and amber myrrh and incense that describe the voyages of the body and soul CHARLES BAUDELAIRE 1856 translated by Robert Bly

28 FeTroja is an antibiotic which was approved for use by the FDA in 2019 The antibiotic contains a siderophore attached to cephalosporin a beta lactam antibiotic What is the function of the siderophore a To perforate poke holes in the bacterial cell membrane allowing all of the iron to exit the bacterial cell b To inhibit cell wall synthesis leading to cell lysis c To bind iron allowing the antibiotic to gain entry through bacterial iron transporter mechanisms d To bind amino acids resulting in the eventual inhibition of protein synthesis 29 We have just isolated an organism that is closely related to Bordetella We are trying to determine if this new organism has the same growth factors as it s close relative Bordetella Which media type should we use to experimentally determine the growth factors for this organism a differential b selective c complex d synthetic 30 A glycerol channel is a transmembrane protein that moves glycerol across a membrane without the input of energy In this case glycerol must be moving a from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration b from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration c from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell d from the inside of the cell to the periplasm 31 An chemotrophic organism that uses an inorganic compound such as NH3 or H S as an electron or energy source is an example of a Lithotrophy b Heterotrophy c Organotrophy d Oxygenic photosynthesis 32 Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium can be found in root nodules associated with plants These bacteria are involved in nitrogen fixation which means a The bacteria are stealing ammonia from the plants and converting it to nitrogen gas b The bacteria are converting atmospheric nitrogen gas to a form of nitrogen that can be utilized by the plants c The bacteria are producing nitrate from ammonia which is toxic to the plants d The bacteria are producing ammonia from nitrate 33 There are different ways that one might enumerate bacteria in a sample Which of the following identifies a method of enumeration that would be considered a direct counting method and could be completed quickly in less than a day a Microscope counts using a Petroff Hausser Counting chamber or hemocytometer b Measuring optical density using a spectrophotometer c Using a dilution series followed by the spread plate technique d Measuring increases in cellular proteins using a spectrophotometer

6 Which of the following is NOT one of Koch s postulates a The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease b The microorganism must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture c The cellular concentration must be at least 1 0 x 104 cells ml of the microorganism present in the diseased host d The pure culture of the microorganism must cause the same disease when inoculated into a healthy susceptible host

7 How did cyanobacteria contribute to changes in the early Earth environment a They generated CO that then accumulated in the atmosphere This carbon dioxide provided a necessary carbon source that drove the evolution of autotrophic organisms b They generated O that then accumulated in the atmosphere allowing for the evolution of organisms that could utilize oxygen for respiration c They generated N providing a nitrogen source that could then be used to build nucleic acids d They generated CH4 driving a global warming period that allowed temperatures to reach a level that could support eukaryotic life forms 8 The transition from the practice of varioliation to that of vaccination to protect individuals from smallpox was a milestone in the history of medicine How did the early smallpox vaccine administered by Edward Jenner differ from the earlier practice of varioliation a He boiled the pus obtained from smallpox patients a much more effective method to render the virus unable to cause disease b He administered the smallpox virus orally to patients instead of subcutaneously which proved to be less likely to cause disease c When he administered the vaccine containing smallpox he followed up with patients after 30 days to administer a booster vaccine containing another dose of smallpox d The vaccine which he used contained the cowpox virus which caused a much milder form of disease in humans but still protected them against smallpox 9 What was the first disease that Robert Koch was successfully able to attribute to a specific organism a Diverticulitis was caused by Clostridiides difficile b Peurperal fever was caused by Streptococcus pyogenes c Anthrax was caused by Bacillus anthracis d Influenza was caused by the influenza virus 10 Which of the following correctly defines the term metagenome a A genome that exceeds 10 million base pairs b It is the genome that is found within mitochondria c It is the sum of all of the genomes found within a microbial community d It is the theoretical genome of the first cellular organism that likely evolved around 3 6 billion years ago 11 Which of the following is FALSE regarding the phospholipid bilayer a Fatty acid chains generally contain an even number of carbons e g C8 C10 b The membrane has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties c The types of phospholipids incorporated in the cell membrane may change depending on the cell s environment d It is considered selectively permeable because negatively charged molecules can passively diffuse through the bilayer but positively charge molecules cannot passively diffuse through the

12 Which of the following correctly illustrates how the glycan chains are connected within the peptidoglycan NAG A NAM HO Amino acids A DADADA DADADA DADADA D a Archaeal cell membranes b Gram positive bacterial cell membrane c Gram negative bacterial cell membrane d Mycobacterial cell wall B DADADA 040000 ooo80 ogoo ADADAD 13 The molecule pictured below could be found within the phospholipids of which type of membrane oooooooo 14 Which of the following is FALSE regarding lipopolysaccharides a They can act as a toxin b They function to anchor the outer membrane to the peptidoglycan c They are found in Gram negative bacteria but not in Gram positive bacteria d They include the following components Lipid A core polysaccharide and O antigen polysaccharide 15 Which of the following accurately describes the action of Vancomycin a It blocks the action of the transpeptidase which connects two peptide chains together thus inhibiting cell wall synthesis b It blocks the removal of the terminal D alanine on one of the peptide chains thus inhibiting cell wall synthesis c It works inside the cell by blocking the synthesis of the cell wall disaccharides thus inhibiting cell wall synthesis

16 Isoniazid works by preventing synthesis of mycolic acids Which patient below would benefit most from isoniazid a A patient with influenza caused by H1N1 influenza virus b A patient with strep throat caused by Streptococcus pyogenes c A patient with Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi d A patient with tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis 17 The periplasm a Describes the space in which the genomic DNA is concentrated b Describes the space between the inner and outer membrane of a Gram negative cell c Describes the space between the inner and outer membrane of a Gram positive cell d Both B and C 18 Which of the following accurately describes a difference between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria a Gram positive bacteria have a thicker layer of peptidoglycan compared to Gram negative bacteria b Gram negative bacteria contain capsules and Gram positive bacteria do not contain capsules c Gram negative bacteria are motile and Gram positive bacteria are not motile d Gram negative bacteria contain carboxysomes and Gram positive bacteria do not contain carboxysomes 19 Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses a multi drug efflux pump driven by ATP hydrolysis This pump enables it to maintain resistance to several types of antibiotics This efflux pump would be an example of what type of transport a Facilitated diffusion b Simple diffusion c Phosphotransferase system d ABC transport 20 Which of the following correctly describes the function of the bacterial cell wall a It is a semi permeable barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell b It is a protective structure that prevents destruction of the organism by phagocytic immune cells c It helps bacteria to adhere to surfaces d It is a protective structure that helps to maintain cell shape and helps it to counter the osmotic pressure that results from water flowing into the cell 21 Which of the following help in the process of photosynthesis as well as carbon dioxide fixation in some photosynthetic bacteria a Carboxysome and thylakoids b Carboxysome and gas vesicles c Thylakoids and magnetosomes granules randomly

22 Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the E coli phosphotransferase system PTS a The transmembrane protein complex through which the substrate moves into the cell is specific to the substrate being transported b The substrate is phosphorylated after it is moved across the cell membrane making it different from the external substrate thus ensuring the substrate always travels down its concentration gradient c The system is an example of an antiporter d The PTS system can be used to transport several different types of sugar 23 Which of the following statements regarding phospholipids of the bacterial cell membrane would be FALSE a They consist of a glycerol ether linked to three fatty acid chains b In a membrane bilayer the fatty acid tails face one another in the interior of the membrane resulting in a hydrophobic interior c The two layers of the bilayer are called leaflets d The head group attached to the phosphoryl group can include charged molecules 24 You are studying life forms in extreme environments and you have discovered a microorganism that contains cardiolipin hopanoids and ester linkages in the membrane It also has arabinans galactans and phenolic glycolipids in the cell wall This microorganism is most likely related to a Archaea b Gram positive bacterial c Gram negative bacteria d Mycobacteria 25 Bacillus subtilis can use glucose as both a carbon and energy source This would be an example of a chemoautotrophy b photoautotrophy oth c chemoheterotrophy d photoheterotrophy 26 A photosynthetic organism that uses light energy to extract electrons from H O would be considered a an a Photoheterotroph b Oxygenic phototroph c Anoxygenic phototrophing d Chemoorganotroph 27 During chemotaxis what determines if an organism is randomly tumbling about or running toward the chemical attractant a The direction of rotation of the flagella b The direction of rotation of the pili c The orientation of the organism in relation to the Earth s magnetic field d The presence or absence of a flagellum When the flagellum is absent the organism tumbles when it is present it runs

34 Consider a culture medium on which only gram positive organisms can grow due to the presence of sodium azide and a yellow halo surrounds the growth of organisms that ferment lactose decreasing the pH as a result and changing the color of a pH indicator in the media What best describes this media a This media would be considered selective b This media would be considered differential c This media would be considered differential because of the addition of sodium azide and selective because of the presence of a pH indicator and the fermentable carbon source d This media would be considered selective because of the addition of sodium azide and differential because of the presence of a pH indicator and the fermentable carbon source 35 Abby was incubating her culture of Bacillus amyloticus at 20 C for 24 hours she then moved the culture to a different incubator which was set at 37 C and left the culture there for another 24 hours Which of the following changes might occur in the cell membrane in response to the temperature change a The organism will insert additional hopanes into the cell membrane b The organism will replace long chain fatty acid chains with short chain fatty acids chains c The organism will replace saturated fatty acid chains with unsaturated fatty acid chains cis double bond d The organism will replace cyclized fatty acid chains with unsaturated fatty acid chains cis double bond 36 The image below illustrates a cell membrane which contains a transporter protein There are two different molecules represented by a square and a circle both molecules carry a single positive charge Which of the following describes a system which the square molecule is moved against its concentration gradient using energy provided by the movement of the circle molecule in an active transport system Outside the cell Inside the cell DO a The square and the circle molecule would both move from the inside the cell to the outside of the cell b The square and the circle molecule would both move from the outside of the cell to the inside of the cell c The square moves from inside the cell to the outside of the cell coupled to the circle molecule moving from outside to inside The square moves from outside of the cell to the inside of the cell coupled to the circle

I need you to do an outline for the Argumentative essay comparing these two poems The Three Kingston of Nature and INTIMATE ASSOCIATIONS

Components and Structure Drag and drop the characteristics of macromolecules to their correct category Phospholipids Proteins Carbohydrates Proteins and Carbohydrates Categorize options by drag drop im Phospholipids and Proteins Involved in the transport of materials in or out of the cell Function as enzymes Amphiphilic Found only on the extracellular surface of the plasma membrane Forms a bilayer Involved in cell recognition Contains saturated or unsaturated fatty acids Component of glycoproteins and glycolipids The main component of the plasma membrane

A 1 Identify the structure labeled A 2 What layer of skin is the structure labeled A located in be specific 3 Name the tissue found in this layer

B 12 Identify the structure labeled A 13 Identify the structure labeled B

Consider the tripeptide CHS a Draw this molecule at physiological pH with the appropriate stereochemistry for a biologically derived molecule b Circle the peptide bond put a star next to the bond s whose angles are defined as psi and a check next to the bond s whose angles are defined as phi c Draw the resonance structure for the peptide bond that determines the importance of phi and psi in the overall conformation for a protein

Match the objective to this paragraph Always work with at least two people present in the lab room never alone If one person gets hurt the other person can help or call for emergency assistance 33 Explain why the buddy system is used in laboratory environments 34 Explain why various flammable and combustible materials should be available in limited quantities in laboratories 35 Discuss the considerations that must be taken into account when measuring flammable materials and transferring them from one container to another 37 Explain the reasons for good housekeeping in the laboratory 38 Demonstrate good housekeeping by maintaining a clean and orderly workspace 39 Identify and demonstrate the appropriate use of PPE for a given laboratory activity 40 Identify and demonstrate the appropriate use of common laboratory safety equipment e g safety shower eyewash station fire blanket fire extinguisher 41 Describe and demonstrate methods to prevent spills including situations involving falling containers or when transferring and transporting chemicals 42 Describe and demonstrate the appropriate use of common laboratory devices for heating e g Bunsen burners hot plates alcohol burners candles heat guns laboratory ovens 44 Describe the precautions needed when using any electrical equipment including inspection of cords and connections grounding and switches

In Week 4 we will focus on these ten Safety objectives Carefully read all the objectives in the list and select answer yes for this question Note the original objective numbers and headings are used to help students locate the objectives in the ACS Safety booklet if desired In the following questions match each objective to the paragraph summarizing the key information covered in that objective Each objective should match one paragraph Week 4 Objective List M General Concepts 33 Explain why the buddy system is used in laboratory environments 34 Explain why various flammable and combustible materials should be available in limited quantities in laboratories 35 Discuss the considerations that must be taken into account when measuring flammable materials and transferring them from one container to another 37 Explain the reasons for good housekeeping in the laboratory 38 Demonstrate good housekeeping by maintaining a clean and orderly workspace 39 Identify and demonstrate the appropriate use of PPE for a given laboratory activity 40 Identify and demonstrate the appropriate use of common laboratory safety equipment e g safety shower eyewash station fire blanket fire extinguisher 41 Describe and demonstrate methods to prevent spills including situations involving falling containers or when transferring and transporting chemicals 42 Describe and demonstrate the appropriate use of common laboratory devices for heating e g Bunsen burners hot plates alcohol burners candles heat guns laboratory ovens 44 Describe the precautions needed when using any electrical equipment including inspection of cords and connections grounding and switches Yes I have read all the Safety objectives for this week No I have not read the Safety objectives for this week

The DNA Gene Connection A I of the the I for a is a molecule that contains to code

Agriculture Aleppo Archaeology Artifact Carbon Dating Catalhoyuk clans Domestication Fossil Hominid Homo Sapiens Hunter gatherers Neolithic Era Nomads Paleolithic Era Prehistory Sedentary Settlement Stonehenge

is an at the gene FIG and Ros Explain the phenomenon and the aberrant outcomes as it related to cancer 2 The Fig Ros gene fusion protein and gene schematic is shown Outline a deletion analysis experiment providing the corresponding data testing which sections 1 4 are responsible for inducing a transforming phenotype Protein Schematic Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Gene Schematic one allele

Draw three rungs levels of an alpha helix including the details of the peptide chain Indicate R groups with the letter R Indicate the atoms involved in the H bonding pattern precisely Name one amino acid that is commonly found in alpha helices and name another amino acid that disrupts alpha helices

Phospholipids form the main fabric of the plasma membrane One feature of phospholipids is that when they are placed in an aqueous solution they will self assemble into a double layer bilayer that resembles the bilayer of the plasma membrane This self assembly occurs because phospholipids are hydrophilic at one end the phospholipid head and hydrophobic at the other end the phospholipid tails 1 Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the figure First drag labels to targets a and b to indicate whether these environments are hydrophilic or hydrophobic 2 Next drag the phospholipid layers to targets c and d to indicate how they are oriented in the plasma membrane 3 Finally drag labels to targets e f and g to indicate which portions of the membrane protein are hydrophilic and which are hydrophobic hydrophobic hydrophilic extracellular fluid plasma membrane cytoplasm Group 1 Group 1 Group 2 Group 2 membrane protein Group 1 Group 1 Group 1

6 How do you recover acetanilide from its ethyl acetate solution after separation of the mixture of Benzoic acid and Acetanilide by liquid liquid extraction 1 points

2 Calculate the volume of 1 5 M KOH solution that would be required to completely extract the Benzoic acid from a mixture containing 2 44 g of Benzoic acid and 2 040g of acetanilide 2 points MW KOH 56 g mol Benzoic Acid 122 g mol important Use the weight of the acid and not the total weight

Where in a globular protein the following alpha helix would reside S Y H R K S N C D G E C O in the interior O protruding out from the surface alpha helices are always in the active site of an enzyme O lying on the surface

interstate Which of the following is important to do A Come to a full stop before entering the interstate Adjust your speed to the flow of traffic already

What is the objective of studying story elements between texts O It helps readers relate the similarities and differences of plot setting and theme O It helps readers know the author O It helps readers analyze only the denouement O None of the choices

10 Primary structure Below is a polynucleotide is this DNA or RNA Why

through a singularly dreary tract of country and at length found myself as the shades of the evening drew on within view of the melancholy House of Usher Text 2 Rip Van Winkle by Diedrich Knickerbocker Whoever has made a voyage up the Hudson must remember the Kaatskill Mountains They are a dismembered branch of the great Appalachian family and are seen away to the west of the river swelling up to noble height and lording it over the surrounding country Every change of season every change of weather indeed every hour of the day produces some change in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains How does the setting of text 1 differ from text 2 O Text 1 is set in autumn in the countryside but text 2 is set in the mountains O Text 1 is set at dusk but text 2 is set on a dry mountain O Text 1 is set in the House of Usher but text 2 is set in an Appalachian family Que 1 5 9

8 Drawn below is part of the tertiary structure of a protein showing the positions of two amino acids aspartic acid and lysine Replacing lysine with another amino acid in the protein may change the shape and function of the protein Replacing lysine with which type s of amino acid s would lead to the least amount of change in the tertiary structure of this protein Interactions that determine the tertiary structure of proteins CH Hydrogen bond be chain and puppe donde www Pomp 04 1 Die bond

5 Define or describe the 4 levels of protein structure What type of bonds are responsible for stabilizing these levels

11 You are given four samples and told they are lysine an amino acid lactose a disaccharide insulin a protein hormone and RNA The samples are in test tubes marked 1 2 3 and 4 but you do not know which compound is in which tube You are asked to identify the contents of each tube a In your first test you try to hydrolyze a portion of the contents of each tube Hydrolysis occurs in all tubes except tube 3 b In your next test you find that tubes 1 2 and 3 are positive for nitrogen but only tube 2 gives a positive result when tested for the presence of sulfur c The last test you perform shows that the compound in tube 1 contains a high percentage of phosphate I Based on these data assign each tube with the correct molecule and explain your answers

9881 O P O CH NH H H O P O CH O HH H H O P O CH H H N H HH OH O P O CH NH NH H CH H HH H 0 0 CH OH Hydrogen bond be tween side chain and carboxyl oxygen CH OH Hydrogen bond between two side chains CCH www 15 1 CH CH CH CH CHCH HCMN to COUCH H C lonie bond S CH SS CH Disulfide bond H C van der Waals Interaction thydrophobic region 2005 Psican NUCLEIC ACIDS 9 Draw the chemical structure of one monomer for DNA and for RNA Label the three different parts of the monomers Indicate the 3 and 5 end of the monomers Which chemical features distinguish these monomers How many monomers exist for each group and what are their names full abbrev 18 826 7874 je door 18 821 2035 23 671 8438 ment 1 Image ies s again 61 567 3090 ment 1 Image 51 437 6955 9

List the Colonies for each Colonial Region New England Colonies 1234 1 2 3 4 Reasons for Settling push pull factors and people who settled Describe the type of economy you would find in each region Add what you kn about relations w natives governm religion

7 A globular protein that is ordinarily found in aqueous solution has these amino acids in its primary structure glutamic acid lysink leucine and tryptophan Predict where you would find each amino acid in the interior portion of the protein away from water or on the outside of the protein facing water

How many significant figures are in this measuremen 4 05 X 10 7

Below is a polynucleotide is this DNA or RNA Why Is this a double stranded ds or a single stranded ss molecule Label the 5 and 3 end s of this molecule The convention is to write nucleic acid sequences in the 5 to 3 direction Thus wha nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide shown using 1 letter abbreviation What type of bond maintains the structure of the primary structure

6 Define or describe the 4 levels of protein structure What type of bonds are responsible for stabilizing these levels 7 A globular protein that is ordinarily found in aqueous solution has these amino acids in its primary structure glutamic acid lysink leucine and tryptophan Predict where you would find each amino acid in the interior portion of the protein away from water or on the outside of the protein facing water

3 Describe the structure and geometry of a water molecule and explain what properties emerge as a result of this structure Explain how these properties of water are related to the phenomena described in parts a f below More than one property may be used to explain a given phenomenon I a Many substances for example salt NaCl and sucrose dissolve quickly in water b When you pour water into a 25 ml graduated cylinder a meniscus forms at the top of the water column c A bottle contains a liquid mixture of equal parts water and mineral oil You shake the bottle vigorously and then set it on the table this mixture separates into layers of oil over water d Sweating cools your skin e Frozen water on a lake insulates the liquid water in the lake f If you touch the edge of a paper towel to a drop of colored water the water will move up

I 4 A solution has a pH of 7 What is the concentration to protons in the solution If you decrease the concentration of protons by 1000 fold hat is the new pH of the solution PROTEINS 5 a Draw the molecular sinnu this molecula the water will move up

21 If you encounter an aggressive driver you should

May not pass that vehicle Should go around the vehicle if it seems safe