Biomolecules Questions and Answers

The genetic code is unambiguous nearly universal redundant All of the above

The following mechanisms are levels at which gene expression can be regulated EXCEPT Transcription Translation RNA processing None of the above

7 Photosynthesis explain the products and reactants of photosynthesis a What factors limit the rate of photosynthesis Why b Why is oxygen a good indicator to determine if a plant is undergoing photosynthesis

12 Use the diagram below to answer the following Cell 2 is Cell 1 A B C D because EFGH G J K SUTE Cell 2 CREE A Which cell is a plant cell and which cell is an animal cell Support your answer Cell 1 is because CHEE

The main carbohydrate ingested by humans is glucose O cellulose O sucrose O lactose O starch

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for recognizing each base in a DNA template strand and matching it to the complementary base in a free deoxyribonucleotide Nucleotidyltransferase DNA polymerase Polynucleotide phosphorylase Reverse transcriptase

How is the process of cell differentiation regulated

Define zygote

How do human organ systems interact to provide for the needs of the human organism

Energy use in animals what do organisms do with the energy they consume ingest

A is very rapid over long distances B requires an expenditure of energy by the cell C is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration D is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration E requires integral proteins in the cell membrane 4 Which of the following can be utilized as a fuel source during cellular respiration A proteins B fats polysaccharides D A and B E A B and C 5 What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds A Covalent bonds require carbon while ionic bonds do not B Covalent bonds involve the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms ionic bonds involve the sharing of single electrons between atoms C Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between charged atoms D Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms ionic bonds involve the sharing c protons between charged atoms E Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons between charged atoms ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms 2 44 45 CAD CD 46 CA CB CC 47 CA 48 A CC CD C D CE CB B B E CE C C C 99 CA 100 CA CB RESCC

What are the major differences between RNA and DNA Distinguish between a pyrimidine and a purine List the major components of a nucleotide and describe how these monomers are link to form a nucleic acid

What is your genus and species name it s in your textbook or section 1 section 5 or all quarter spelling counts here so double check it in the bo your notes

Bacterial plasmids O can provide genes that allow the bacteria to grow and thrive in the presence of potential toxins O are artificially created by humans and are present in bacteria only because humans put them there are essential for growth are essential for cellular respiration O are essential for chromosome replication and binary fission

You thinly slice a carrot root and place the slices on a medium containing nutrients and hormones necessary for plant growth After a few weeks you see that there are many little entire carrot plants growing from the root slices The cells in the root can give rise to an entire plant because many plant cells are embryonic O unipotent semipotent O pluripotent Ototipotent

Given the agar plate above measuring the diffusion rates of Potassium permaganate orange and methylene blue dark blue which would you predict to have a larger molecular weight Agar plate

Which of the following is TRUE about apoptosis A Essential for the development in animals B lack of apoptosis can lead to developmental defects C Apoptosis leads to the presence of webbed fingers A and B all of the abo

Match the terms below with the statement that describe them below Totipotent stem cell Unipotent stem cell Multipotent cells Choose Cell has the capacity to differentiate into only one cell type Hematopoetic stem cells gives rise to different types of blood cells Has the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all of the differentiated cells in an organism fetus or give rise Choose

The vegetal pole of the zygote differs from the animal pole in that A the vegetal pole has a higher concentration of yolk OB the blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole C the posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole OD the vegetal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis

Fertilization normally A reinstates diploidy OB follows gastrulation OC is required for parthenogenesis D merges two dipoloid cells into one haploid cell

1 A new drug is developed which selectively cleaves covalent bonds between two sulfur atoms of non adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain Which level of protein structure in affected molecules would be most directly affected by the drug A Primary structure B Quaternary structure C Tertiary structure D Secondary structure

7 A certain genetic disorder prevents the production of signalling molecules which direct the intracellular trafficking of proteins If the disease exclusively affects the signal which directs proteins to the proteasome what primary effect would most likely be observed A Decreased synthesis of proteins B Decreased degradation of proteins C Increased synthesis of proteins D Increased degradation of proteins 8 If the Golgi apparatus were damaged by an ingested toxin what aspect of protein synthesis would be most affected A Beta sheet formation B Translation C Alpha helix formation D Protein glycosylation

5 The major protein component of human hair is a keratin Hair straighteners are commonly used tools which use heat to iron hair into temporarily lying flat and straight What is the best biological explanation for this phenomenon A Hair straighteners disrupt ionic bonds between a keratin molecules B Hair straighteners denature proteins by disrupting the pH C Hair straighteners disrupt hydrogen bonds in a keratin D Hair straighteners disrupt disulfide bridges in a keratin 4 6 Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease CJD is a degenerative neurological disorder Biopsy of the the brains of affected individuals reveals aggregations of a prion protein a protein which is capable of folding into multiple structurally distinct forms In CJD two versions of the offending protein have been identified The normal form is predominantly composed of alpha helix while the variant has significant beta structure The beta structure presumably has more solvent accessible hydrophobic groups lacking a polar outer layer Knowing only this how might you differentiate between the normal and variant conformations given a sample of each in the lab A Attempt to dissolve both samples in water knowing that if it dissolves it is the normal protein B Determine the mass of the crystallized structure of a single molecule of each sample knowing that the heavier of the two is the normal protein C Denature each sample with heat and analyze the polypeptide chains by NMR D Determine the polypeptide sequence of each sample and compare them to a known database

4 What relative change in protein concentrations would most be the most direct result of a disease which halts the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum A Increased concentrations of intracellular proteins B Decreased concentrations of intracellular proteins C Increased concentrations of extracellular proteins D Decreased concentrations of extracellular proteins 4

3 Albumin is a large protein which circulates freely in human plasma Another type of protein called aquaporins act as a channel for water to enter and exit a cell and are located within the lipid bilayer of a cell s plasma membrane Based on their physiological locations how would the tertiary structure of these two proteins mostly likely compare A Albumin has a more nonpolar core with a polar outer layer while aquaporins have a more polar core with a nonpolar outer layer B Albumin has a more polar core with a polar outer layer while aquaporins have a more nonpolar core with a nonpolar outer layer C Albumin has a more polar core with a nonpolar outer layer while aquaporins have a more nonpolar core with a polar outer layer D Albumin has a more nonpolar core with a nonpolar outer layer while aquaporins have a more polar core with a polar outer layer

A housing market crash dramatically reduces the amount of wealth in the economy In the short run it will reduce the real output and have no effect on the price level the price level and have no effect on the real output both the real output and the price level the price level and increase the real output

1 Describe the purpose and goal of the Indian Removal Act 4 points

1 Before biopharming technology became available human proteins used in treatment of diseases were a b C d cadavers unavailable synthesized chemically free of contaminating factors harvested from slaughterhouses donated human blood or

Can you write a takehome message about career service

QUESTION 7 The number of protons in a given atom is equal to its O neutron number O mass O atomic number O molecular number QUESTION 8 Atoms containing a specific number of protons are called O molecules O minerals O metals elements

QUESTION 5 A suggested explanation that might be true and is subject to testing by further observations is a n O hypothesis O experiment O scientific principle O generality O theory QUESTION 6 All atoms possess the ability to do work The term that is defined as the ability to do work is O matter O energy molecules 4

QUESTION 3 After Darwin concluded his voyage on the Beagle he proposed that the process of natural selection was a mechanism for O overpopulation of finches on the Galapagos Islands O speciation O artificial selection O sexual selection O evolution QUESTION 4 What common life characteristic would cells from a daisy an apple and a dog all have O DNA O tissues O organs O viruses

A new disease wiped out the majority of a population The only individuals that survived were homozygous for a recessive allele that encodes for a form of an enzyme that is unaffected by the disease toxin The converse is true for the dominant allele that encodes for a form of the enzyme that is affected by the toxin This is an example of genetic drift natural selection the founder effect gene flow

A large population of laboratory animals has been allowed to breed randomly for a number of generations After several generations 25 of the animals display a recessive trait aa the same percentage as at the beginning of the breeding program The rest of the animals show the dominant phenotype with heterozygotes indistinguishable from the homozygous dominants What proportion of the population is probably heterozygous Aa for this trait 0 75 0 05 0 50 0 25

If a solid line represents a covalent bond and a dotted line represents intermolecular attraction which of the choices shows a hydrogen bond H N H O H H H H OH CH3

As the two strands of DNA are unraveled which enzyme relieves the strain on the two strands O DNA polymerase O DNA ligase O DNA gyrase DNA endonuclease ODNA exonuclease QUESTION 2 Which is not a component of nucleic acids O organic nitrogenous base O pentose sugar Ophosphate sulfur

Who proposed that the structure of DNA is a double helix with two polynucleotide chains running in opposite directions and held together by hydrogen bonding between pairs of nitrogenous bases O Hershey and Chase O Chargaff O Franklin O Watson and Crick O Meselson and Stahl QUESTION 18 Deoxyribose has a carbon atom that is not part of the pentose ring In a nucleotide what is attached to this carbon O a nitrogenous base O a phosphate group O three hydrogen atoms

First Name Complete the table Distilled water control Non enzymatic detergent Enzymatic detergent Answer the following questions 1 Are enzymes globular or fibrous proteins Circle your answer globular 2 Provide an example of a globular protein 3 Provide an example of a fibrous protein 4 Are most proteins soluble or insoluble Circle your answer soluble fibrous Extent of Liquefaction mm insoluble 5 What are enzymes Answer is one sentence 6 What is the name of the enzymes often added to detergents

Part 1 Complete the following statements with one of the words listed below Notice that there are more words than necessary to fill up all the blanks Some words might be used more than once Proteins are the Proteins are biological molecules occurring in of amino acids Amino acids are molecules that contain two group and a group An cannot be diet At physiological respectively protonated and All amino acids have a central carbon called the amino group and the carboxyl group of amino acid are an amino amino acid indispensable amino acid is an amino acid that by the organism and therefore must be supplied in its different amino acids are commonly found in proteins For all the common amino acids except different groups to the carbon is bonded Because of the tetrahedral arrangement of the four groups around the carbon atom these four different groups can occupy two unique spatial arrangements and thus each amino acid has two possible The amino acid residues in protein molecules are exclusively Amino acids are divide in three classes based on the polarity of their R group and steroisomers

Which of the following gram positive bacteria low G C content is an important probiotic Lactobacillus Leuconostoc Streptococcus Staphylococcus Mycoplasma

In the garden peas studied by Mendel cells of the sporophyte have 14 chromosomes within each nucleus How many chromosomes should be in an endosperm nucleus in the garden pea 7 14 21

D What is the primer s purpose and why do they need to be removed Explain

SARS H What is the role of the signal peptide O It s an address it directs the translocation of the protein to the endoplasimic reticulum ER by binding to the signal recognition particle SRP which in turns binds to the SRP receptor on the membrane of the ER O It s a signal peptide it is cleaved exported out of the cell and function as a peptide hormone to alert the immune system that cells have been infected by a virus O It s a signal it is a signal for the cell to stop production of its own proteins and to divert its resources for the production of the viral proteins O It s a peptide it is it is catalyzing the formation of peptides bonds during the translation of the viral mRNA encoding it

1 2 3 5 6 8 9 10 letion Status Signals beginning 12 Signals end 11 Translation Transports amino acids 9 Complements codon 10 A Termination sequence B AUG C Ribosome D Template strand E mRNA F Coding strand G Anticodon H Polypeptide 1 Promoter J Codon K UGA UAA UAG Takes place 7 End product 8 6

In eukaryotic genes there are regions that are coded or expressed These are known as The non coding regions are known

Anterograde transport involves endocytotic vesicles fusing with early endosomes flow of vesicles from ER to golgi returns compartment specific proteins to earlier compartments flow of vesicles from golgi to the ER

The resting potential of a particular nerve cell is 66 mV Depolarization of the neuron membrane will shift the membrane potential to 45 mV 80 mV 90 mV 75 mV

Students in a neurobiology laboratory are expected to observe five neuron cultures each of which is preferentially overexpressing one particular type of microtubule associated protein Which of the following phenotypes would best allow the students to identify the Tau overexpressing neurons the neurons that have axons with loosely organized microtubules the neurons that have few to no microtubules in their axons the neurons that have axons with tightly organized microtubules the neurons that have microtubules that are severed multiple times along their lengths in their axons

Each of the following statements about action potentials is true except O action potentials end with a transient hyperpolarization action potentials change their magnitude from one stimulus to another the action potential cycle has a refractory period action potentials require rapid changes in membrane potential

end because it has a higher Tubulin addition happens preferentially at the affinity for tubulin heterodimers GTP hydrolysis acts as a molecular switch to microtubule affinity for addition of heterodimers Ominus increase Oplus increase plus decrease minus decrease