Biomolecules Questions and Answers

tes O protein kinase C O protein kinase A O MAPK O protein kinase B

The enzyme involved in the breakdown of glycogen in the liver smooth ER is Ophosphodiesterase glucose 6 phosphatase O catalase phospholipase C

The low level of cytosolic calcium ions in unactivated cells is established by which of the following Phosphatases Kinases Calcium ATPases Calmodulin

The earliest apes hominoids appear in Africa in the early Miocene By the middle and late Miocene some have mark all that apply Omigrated into Europe Omigrated into Asia developed more modern ape like body plans with longer arms and grasping hands

The Obstetric Dilemma and the EGG Hypothesis both seek to explain O food sharing in communities O endurance or long distance running O the maternal constraints on the duration of human gestation or why mom can only be pregnant for so long O long childhood

Source www britannica com O Abnormal condition of red blood cells Presence of bacteria in the blood O Destruction of red blood cells

Question Which of the following is true of enzymes Next Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy Enzymes can only be used once in any given reaction Enzyme function increases if the 3D structure is altered Enzyme function is independent of environmental conditions such as pH temperature etc

at is the MIC shown by this Etest for antibiotic susceptibility E VA 256 192 128 96 64 48 16 12

Source BiologyLibreText B Pathogenicity values O Antibiotic diffusion rates Turbidity of bacterial lawns

Bacterial cultures and medical devices that are transported need to be frozen choose the correct temperature from the list O 70 degrees Celsius or lower O0 degrees Celsius O 7 degrees Celsius O 2 degrees Celsius Question 5 0 5 pts Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Salmonella spp are killed by pasteurization

What is the difference between sonication and lyophilization Choose all that apply Sonication uses ultrasonic waves to cause cell cavitation Lyophilization inhibits bacterial metabolism by rapid freezing under vacuum Sonication uses salty water to inhibit bacterial metabolism Lyophilization uses high efficiency particulate air filter to remove microbes from a cleanroom environment

What are examples of fungal virulence factors O Aflatoxin Gliotoxin Elastase Catalase O All are correct

Viruses attach to host cells by using capsid proteins that bind to the host s cell membrane receptors O True O False Question 8 How does malaria impede blood flow 0 5 pts The protozoan produces capsules that cover the pathogen to evade phagocytosis O The protozoan produces adhesins that are expressed on the surface of the RBC causing them to stick to each other and to the inner surface of the blood vessel No answer text provided

Neoplastic O Zoonotic Olatrogenic O Degenerative Question 3 0 5

QUESTION 4 Match the repair response to its proper mechanism SOS Response Excision Repair Photo repair Mismatch repair A Found in E coli when massive damage occurs B When thymine dimers are produced due to sun damage C When incorrect bases are matched they are replaced by the correct base D A damaged portion of DNA is removed and then replaced 4

What two enzymes are necessary to detoxify the ammonium ion in the presence of pyruvate Check all that apply glutamate dehydrogenase alanine aminotransferase aspartate transaminase ATP lactate dehydrogenase

7 How often do you check for expired items a When I remember O b Weekly OC Monthly c d Yearly

Comparing cells synthesizing secretory proteins and cells secreting steroid hormones the cells synthesizing the steroid hormones have more rough ER more smooth ER

The continuous release of mucus by the epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract is an example of phagocytosis Oclathrin coated pit formation regulated secretion constitutive secretion

Tubulin may assemble onto one end while disassembling from the other end of the same microtubule simultaneously in a process known as nucleation treadmilling O catastrophe rescue

Cystic fibrosis is a Mendelian recessive allele The most common mutation associated with cystic fibrosis is the D F 508 mutation In the UK it is the most common cystic fibrosis variant accounting for 75 of cases However the worldwide frequency of cystic fibrosis associated mutations can vary greatly The frequency of the D F 508 mutation associated with cystic fibrosis in Romania was only 36 6 of cases Country United Kingdom Romania 9 408 9 996 AF 508 392 2 AF 508 AF 508 200 2 a Demonstrate the frequency of the D F 508 mutation is statistically significantly different between these two countries b Explain what could account for the differences if significant Question 2 5 pts Write the spreadsheet to calculate allele frequencies via the General Model of Selection a Calculate an example of selection against the recessive include plot b Calculate an example of selection favoring the homozygote include plot

microvilli cilia lamellipodia Question 2 1 point Listen Which of the following represents the most likely pathway for a protein to be secreted from the cell after it is synthesized Smooth ER 1 Golgi secretory vesicle environment lysosome Golgi environment Rough ER Rough ER Golgi smooth ER 1 1 cytoplasm environment 1

Pancreatic acinar cells produce and store hydrolytic enzymes in zymogen granules until hormones signal the cell to release the enzymes in a process known as constitutive secretion transport secretion regulated secretion consistent secretion

Actin filaments may form each of the following except filament networks central shaft of flagellum contractile bundles branched networks

How many grams of Disodium monohydrogen phosphate MW 137 99g mol do I need to prepare a 40mM solution at a final volume of 650mL Don t add units to your answer Keep two decimal digits

the epidural space the subdural space the subarachnoid space Question 26 1 point What is found inside the dural sinuses cerebrospinal fluid Olymph air blood

Where do you find bipolar neurons in special sense organs in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in the tactile corpuscles in autonomic pathways Question 10 1 point Where do you find pseudounipolar neurons as lower motor neurons connected to touch receptors in the skin in special sense organs

O at the trigger zone at the mechanoreceptors at the axon terminal at the nucleus Question 6 1 point If voltage gated calcium channels on the neuronal plasma membrane open an calcium ions enter the neuron what is the most likely next event exocytosis of vesicles containing neurotransmitter opening of ligand gated sodium channels propagation of the action potential synthesis of additional neurotransmitters

D glucose a 1 4 and a 1 6 glycosidic the human body B 1 4 and B 1 6 glycosidic L glucose B 1 4 glycosidic an unbranched L fructose D fructose plants Cellulose the structural material of connected by bonds Glycogen the storage form of glucose in units connected by bonds D Review chain of polym

Once a spontaneous reaction is initiated the speed with which it reaches equilibrium without a catalyst is influenced by 1 the equilibrium constant 2 a change in free energy 3 a change in entropy 4 activation energy 5 standard free energy change

Which of the following statements concerning glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate is FALSE a Two molecules of G3P condense to form a six carbon sugar Ob The 3 phosphoglycerate is reduced to G3P c One more G3P condenses with a sugar to form a larger molecule used for biosynthesis d One G3P is produced by every three turns of the cycle e G3P is reoxidized to carbon dioxide to replenish the Calvin cycle

In a redox reaction the reduction potential E depends on the ratio of product concentrations C and D to reactant concentrations A and B as per equation E E 60 mV n log C D A B What would be the effect of increasing the ratio of products to reactants by a factor of 10 a No effect E assumes concentrations of 1 M for reactants and products b The value of Ewill decrease by 60 mV decreasing energy yield c A change of 60 mV will not modify the estimate of E d The value of E will increase by 60 mV increasing energy yield e The E term is unaffected by changes in concentrations of products or reactants

NADH H H 0 NAD H CH Malate CH coo Fumarate coo COO CH HC 1 coo FADH FAD COO 0 C CH coo Oxaloacetate coo CH3 Krebs Cycle Succinate CH coo GTP COA SH Both oxaloacetate and citrate will decrease COO CH H C CO CH coo Succinyl CoA coo ADP COA SH CH CH I C O S COA Both oxaloacetate and citrate will accumulate OOxaloacetate will decrease and citrate will accumulate Oxaloacetate will accumulate and citrate will decrease Citrate H 0 H 0 oo CH CH COO HO CH coo coo CH CH C 0 coo CO NAD Isocitrate NADH H NAD If pyruvate oxidation is blocked what will first happen to the levels of oxaloacetate and citrate in the Krebs Cycle shown in this figure NADH H a ketoglutarate Dept Biol Penn State 02004

Drugs known as uncouplers facilitate diffusion of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane in other words the membrane becomes leaky which allows protons to move back and forth across the membrane freely When such a drug is added what will happen to ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption if the rates of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle stay the same LO OLO O Both ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption will decrease ATP synthesis will decrease oxygen consumption will increase ATP synthesis will increase oxygen consumption will decrease Both ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption will increase ATP synthesis will decrease oxygen consumption will stay the same

Electron Transport Chain H NADH Dehyrogenase 578748 H REMERLY NADH H NAD Electron donor H An increase in NADH 7878780 A decrease in ATP synthesis An increase in oxygen A decrease in oxygen H H Carrier Proteins cyt c H H 2 H 2O Intermembrane Space H H H O H H H H ATP Synthase Dept Biol Penn State 2002 The voltage H gradient between the inner mitochondrial membrane and matrix is variable Which of the following conditions would lead to a decrease in voltage H H H ADP Pi ATP Mitochondrial Matrix

Question 13 Pyruvate is converted to ethyl alcohol lactic acid educed electron carriers acetyl coenzyme A acetyl CoA before entering the Krebs cycle 0

Pneumonic Staphylococcus aureus Osteoporosis Leukocytes Mononucleosis Hepatitis A Bubonic Macrophages 4 5 6 7 8 The chemical term for the process of oxygen present energy production also referred to as burning energy These specialized white blood cells protect the body during infections and increase dramatically in numbers during an acute infection A serious liver disease caused by a virus that is spread through fecal oral contamination A strain of bacteria that mutated and evolved to resist antibiotic drugs due to the widespread use over prescribing of penicillin type drugs A loss of bone density related to inactivity metabolic nutritional disorders that makes one more susceptible to bone fractures

Question 12 1 point Before antibiotics were available diseases like the black plague resulted in a very high 60 90 mortality rate while the rate with antibiotic treatment that dramatic demonstrates their effectiveness is about 10 25 20 5

Definition Sentence Word Delivery Facts Pict

Which of the following processes breaks down the six carbon glucose molecules into two molecules of three carbon pyruvate molecules each Krebs cycle O Glycolysis Calvin cycle O Electron transport chain

2 Discuss why the aggregate demand curve slopes downward

1 Define aggregate demand and identify its four sources

Mitosis 1 List the phases of the cell cycle and describe the sequence of events that occurs during each phase 2 List the phases of mitosis and describe the events characteristic of each phase 3 Recognize the phases of mitosis from diagrams and micrographs 4 Compare cytokinesis in animals and plants Meiosis 1 List the phases of meiosis I and meiosis II and describe the events characteristic of each phase Recognize the phases of meiosis from diagrams or micrographs 2 Describe the process of synapsis during prophase I and explain how genetic recombination occurs 3 Describe the key differences between mitosis and meiosis Explain how the end result of meiosis differs from that of mitosis

Tandemly repeated DNA Introns Interspersed repeated DNA Question 38 1 point Listen Saved The base composition in DNA isolated from cow liver cells is 28 adenine what percent of the bases are cytosine 22 36 28

The nontemplate strand reads 5 ACTGGTTCA What will be the sequence of the resulting transcript for this portion 5 UUGCAAUGA 5 ACUGGUUCA 5 UGACCANGUL

DNA polyermase I plays an important role in transcription Orecombination Otranslation excision repair

RNA elongation proceeds in O 5 to 3 direction 3 to 5 along the template strand

Which type of DNA makes up the largest portion of the human genome Exons Tandemly repeated DNA Introns

Small particles can pass through the nucleus through aqueous diffusion channels O active transpot Ran pathway proton pumps

Which of the following experimental procedures is most likely to speed up mRNA degradation in a eukaryotic cell Olengthening of the poly A tail removal of one or more exons removal of the 5 cap removal of C nucleotides