Human Physiology - Circulatory System Questions and Answers

If a person s blood pressure is low the body will have short term regulation to bring the body back into homeostasis The heart rate will Heart contractility will Select Select increase decrease remain unchanged Select Peripheral blood vessels will

What is the reason that the co localization of human alpha and beta globin genes within the nuclei of hematopoetic cells most likely give rise to red blood cells

3 Blood is dropped from heights of 25 cm and 250 cm Compare and contrast the outer edges of blood droplets produced from these two heights Use the picture on the next page 4 Examine the blood spatter produced by dropping blood from the six different heights Is there a relationship between the height from which the blood is dropped and the number of satellites produced Support your answer with data use the picture on the next page

5 Is it better to eat denser fats Explain in relation to the circulatory system

What type of study is being done to test the effectiveness of an experimental treatment to an infectious disease in which the subjects are unaware of which trial group they re in but the drug administrators researchers do know which groups the subjects are in Double blind experimental Single blind experimental Double blind observational Single blind observational

Which of the following donor recipient blood types is a match that will NOT cause a hemolytic transfusion reaction O A donor A recipient O B donor B recipient AB donor O recipient

Which class of antibodies binds to large parasites IgA IgD IgE IgG IgM

9 What do you think would happen consider clotting phenotype if a male carried both a null F8 hemophilia causing allele F8 such as the one presented above and a F9 thrombosis causing alle on his X chromosome You may want to consult the clotting pathway shown below from http www ncbi nlm nih gov books NBK22589 rendertype figure id A1401 and recall that F8 is als called VIIla and F9 is also called IX inactive form and IXa active form Essentially the factors show in pink are inactive until the factor in the cascade above them becomes active yellow Then the activ factor above them will convert the pink inactive form to its active form to perform its function on the ne protein in the cascade For instance 1 there is damage to the skin 2 inactive XII gets converted to active form Xlla Xlla converts inactive XI to active Xia The cascade progressed through each step until a cross linked fibrin clot occurs at the end assuming there are functional proteins at each step in the cascade INTRINSIC PATHWAY Damaged surface XII Kininogen Kallikrein XI XII IX FINAL COMMON PATHWAY XI IX VIII Prothrombin ID X V Fibrinogen 1 EXTRINSIC PATHWAY VIIa Trauma Tissue factor X Thrombin 11 VII Figure 10 37 Blood Clotting Cascade Fibrin 6 XIII Trauma Cross linked fibrin clot

Provide the blood type for each typing test shown Remember agglutination is the formation of an immune complex so if it occurs the cells are expressing the antigen that the introduced antibody is specific for Typing Test Result A Rh 6 Blood Type Determined from Test

6 Childress main strategy against the market approach to the sale of organs is a To challenge the fairness of such a system b To challenge the assumption that it would make more organs available c To show that it would violate deeply held religious values 7 Which of the following reasons for people not signing organ donor cards would likely according to Childress be strengthened by a market approach to donation a Distaste for discussion matters related to death b Fear of being prematurely declared dead c The inconvenience of completing the donor card

A female weighing 160 pounds would have a BMR of kcal calculation O 1400 O 1540 O 1600 O 1800

Why did the vertebrate heart evolve from a smaller two chambered pump to a larger more robust four chambered one The four chambered heart separates the blood circulation into one circuit for vital organs and one circuit for nonvital structures More derived vertebrate groups have a more complex and robust four chambered heart because they have more complex nervous systems The four chambered heart increases the flow rate of blood through the body in order to meet the higher oxygen demand of endothermic animals To be able to handle pumping blood through larger animal bodies

PH A B C D a Blank 1 This picture is an anterior view of the mammalian heart longitudinal section Name the structure labeled I letter i

A od B Blank 1 Name the structure labeled B O O 00 Mag 10

inheritance Background Codominance occurs when both alleles in the heterozygote express themselves fully Because both of the alleles are fully expressed both alleles are equally emphasized in the genotypic notation For example a codominant trait in humans is blood type The letters A and B that identify blood types refer to the two different carbohydrates that coat the surface of red blood cells If you have type A blood you have type A carbohydrate on your red blood cells Type B blood had type B carbohydrate Type AB has both carbohydrates and Type O has no carbohydrates These alleles are represented by an I and a superscript A or B to indicate whether the allele codes for type A or B blood See the chart below for the phenotypes and genotypes of the human blood groups Blood Groups Phenotypes A B AB O Genotypes IAIA or I i IBIB or IBI JAIB ii Question A woman with blood type AB marries a man with blood type O Is it possible for them to have children with the same blood type as either of the parents If no what are the possible blood types of their children Create a Punnett square to help explain your answer Create a Punnet square depicting what you believe to be your parents genotype for blood type in the space below Explain what information you used to determine each of your parents blood genotypes Explain how you can use this information to help maintain your personal health

Example I m thinking about the upcoming day of my very critical exam I had no chance of missing the exam because I had typhoid that day I struggle with both my illness and the pressure of my exam However I left for the exam And from what I can see the exam room was disorganized The exam should not be given today in my opinion I left in an aircraft Yet in the end I chose to take the test After seeing the exam when I entered the room I simply lost all feeling However I took a deep breath to relax myself before starting the exam This is a fight flight or freeze scenario

Which of the following is an enzyme O epinephrine G alpha ATP All of the above None of the above

Please help with finding where the veins and arteries come from and enters into You can label the chart into three categories artery comes from and enters into The arteries we are looking at are Abdominal aorta celiac truck hepatic gastric splenic superior mesenteric right and left adrenolumbar right Left renal lumbar inferior mesenteric right left llolumbar Rt LT external Illiac Rt Lt internal Iliac medial sacral Rt Lt deep femoral Rt Lt femoral Rt Lt popliteal Rt Lt saphenous Identify where the inferior veins comes from and enters into The veins we are looking at are inferior vena cava right left adrenolumbar right and left renal right left greater saphenous right left Iliolumbar right left common iliac Rt Lt external iliac Rt Lt internal iliac Rt Lt deep femoral Rt Lt popliteal Rt Lt femoral and hepatic portal system

4 List tissue that result from each germ layer

Oxygen rich blood flows through the heart O by entering the right atrium and continuing through the aortic arch on the left side of the heart following returning from the lungs via the pulmonary arteries right to left via the left atrium and ventricle before entering the systemic circuit only through the coronary arteries

Arrange the sentences in order describing the events that occur during the operation of the sodium potassium pump Three sodium ions are released from the protein pump The phosphate is released from the protein pump Two potassium ions are released into the interior of the cell The sodium potassium pump is open toward the cell interior and three sodium ions bind the protein pump The protein pump with the potassium ions attached opens to the cell interior ATP binds releases a phosphate which binds to the protein pump and the protein pump opens toward the exterior of the cell Two potassium ions bind to the protein pump

IF a person increases his or her activity level THEN there heat rate will increase cue increased need for oxygen 1202 heart the beely cells BECAUSE his bedly muscles cells will require mere exigen to function at a higher level

What happens to a person s heart rate as that person increases his or her activity level Information Research Take some time to gather information on heart rates and how why they fluctuate as a person s activity level changes You should list the information below

Which of the following events occur during the inflammatory process Effector cells secrete cytokines in response to invading bacteria All of these events occur during inflammation Local endothelium becomes leaky None of these events occurs during the inflammatory process O Vasodilation of local blood vessels

the path of lymph as it moves from 10 Describ the tissues back to the bloodstream Draw a graph illustrating how the oxygen concentration in the blood changes as the blood moves around the body Choose the axes of the graph to reflect the variables being considered 11

244 Review Sheet 18 Hepatic Portal Circulation 15 What is the source of blood in the hepatic portal system lood drained Viscera from 16 Why is this blood carried to the liver before it enters the systemic circulation Because the blood from these Omgans is rich in nutrient alcohol protentially toxic substances that the liver needs to metabolize neutralise and detoxify 17 The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of a which drains the and b Pal drains the Structure and curvature of the stomach empties directly into the hepatic portal vein 18 Trace the flow of a drop of blood from the small intestine to the right atrium of the heart noting all structures encountered or passed through on the way Umbilical artery Umbilical vein Fetal Circulation 19 For each of the following structures first indicate its function in the fetus and then note its fate what happens to it or what it is converted to after birth Circle the blood vessel that carries the most oxygen rich blood Ductus venosus The Ductus arteriosus Foramen ovale the digestive Function in fetus Carry cleoxygenated blood from fetal circulation to Placental 20 What organ serves as a respiratory digestive excretory organ for the fetus which vein which drains the lesser Fate Placenta

Adrenaline also known as epinephrine is a hormone involved in the fight or flight re sponse When released into the bloodstream glycogen in the liver is broken down into glu cose to be used for energy by the cells Which of the following describes the role of adrenaline in the fight or flight response A B C D Adrenaline is taken into the cell by pinocytosis glycogen is broken down into glucose within the endocytic vesicle Adrenaline binds to a surface receptor the receptor breaks down glycogen to glucose Adrenaline binds to a surface receptor the receptor then stimulates the production of the second messenger CAMP which ultimately signals the breakdown of glycogen stored inside liver cells Adrenaline is taken into the cell using transport proteins and then dimerizes in the cytosol

Hemoglobin is a protein that binds oxygen in the lungs for its transport through the circula tory system to other cells in the body The mechanism by which hemoglobin binds the oxy gen is similar to the way that enzymes bind their substrates Carbon monoxide acts as a high affinity competitive inhibitor to oxygen and prevents it from binding to hemoglobin One of the first treatments in cases of carbon monoxide poi soning is the direct and prolonged supply of oxygen which increases the concentration of oxygen in the lungs Which of the following statements best predicts the effect of increasing the concentration of oxygen after exposure to carbon monoxide A B C D Competitive inhibition will decrease because the proportion of the binding sites occu pied by the oxygen will increase There will be an increase in carbon monoxide binding because the affinity of hemoglo bin will increase Competitive inhibition will cease because oxygen will bind to carbon monoxide and stop the competitive inhibition The bonds between the R groups in the binding site of the hemoglobin will become de natured decreasing its affinity

28 Which type of vessel normally contains valves that prevent the backward flow of materials A arteriole C capillary B artery Medi D vein 29 The concentration of oxygen is highest in the blood flowing through the A pulmonary vein B inferior vena cava C pulmonary artery D superior vena cava 30 Which condition has been linked to a diet that is high in saturated fats A arthritis B emphysema C angina pectoris D mental retardation

Base your answers to questions 8 through 10on the diagrams below which represent three common types of blood vessels and on your knowledge of biology A 1 10 Through occur A 1 2 8 Which vessel would normally contain the highest systolic and diastolic blood pressure A 1 B 2 C 3 9 Which vessel contains valves and transports blood back to the heart b E 3 B 2 GO B 2 C 3 the walls of which vessel does gas exchange C 3

6 The movement of blood from the legs toward the heart is hindered by gravity The effect of gravity is counteracted by A valves in the veins B cilia lining the blood vessels C smooth muscle in the capillaries D lymph nodes near maior vessels

the blood is correctly paired with its function A platelets produce antibodies B plasma transports wastes and hormones C white blood cells carry oxygen D red blood cells fight infection 15 Which statement correctly describes the activities of the components of human blood shown in the diagram below A Both B and C provide immunity and A transports nutrients B A B and C are able to synthesize hemoglobin C A transports oxygen B initiates clots and C functions in immune responses D Both A and B function in immune responses and C transports oxygen 6 Red blood cells are produced in the A arteries C liver Cell A he B bone marrow owor D lymph nodes The diagram below represents an event that occurs in the blood sols b Which statement best describes this event A Cell A is a white blood cell causing organisms 3 Cell A is protecting bacteria so they can reproduce without being destroyed by predators C Cell A is a white blood cell releasing antigens to destroy bacteria engulfing disease O Cell A is a cancer cell produced by the immune system and it is helping to prevent disease A heart B islets of Langerhans C liver D bone marrow 19 A heart attack may be due to all of the following except A oxygen deprivation of cardiac muscle B narrowing of the arteries transporting blood to the heart muscle C an increase in arterial blood pressure D decreased consumption of complex carbohydrates 20 A person who consumes large amounts of saturated fats may increase his or her chances of developing DA A A cardiovascular disease B hemophilia C viral pneumonia D meningitis bravec pooliks hoold adr to bri vosi di d

3 Drag the tiles to the correct boxes to complete the pairs Match each major blood vessel with the correct description transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs branches from aorta and provide oxygen to hurt muscles aorta coronary artery pulmonary artery inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart carries oxygen rich blood away from the heart

17 Which would NOT be correct when inserting the needle A Inserting n with the bevel facing up b pointing the n in the same direction as vein to be entered c inserting n at 35 degree angle to the arm d positioning the tube with the label facing downward

Nome Lacinto Aorta Gojororo Artery Dark Red Atherosclerosis Hypertension Circulatory System Magic Square Red Blood Cells Nutrients Pulmonary Right Atrium Hemophilia CO O Valve Vein Capillary Angioplasty Period Lungs Directions Place the correct number in the circles above 1 The largest artery in the body cane shaped 2 Expansion of an artery when the heart contracts 3 Where the pacemaker is located 00000 Platelets Bright Red Heart Pulse Left Side ooooo 7 Very thick walled elastic tubes that carry blood away from the heart 8 Organ that takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide 9 A genetic disease where a person cannot clot their blood properly 10 Fight infection enguif bacteria 11 Red pigment that contains iron 12 Where gases nutrients and wastes move in and out of the blood Sickle Cell Left Ventricle White Blood Magic Number Add up each row and column They should always add up to the same number the magic number Hemoglobin 4 The largest chamber of the heart 5 Raps of tissue that keep blood moving in one direction found in the heart and veins 6 Blood moves toward the heart in it

Differentiate between the blood vessels tell their jobs and how blood moves through Arteries Rady Capillaries Veins

What blood vessels is the arrow pointing to What is their purpose What can go wrong w them Explain bypass surgery NORTA Ye

Explain this diagram with the purpose of the left and right sides of the heart What are the netted areas Low O High CO Pulmonary circuit 69d airt lads l Systemic circuit Body Lungs High Low C

1 Label this heart 2 1 3 4 8 7 6 5 1 2 3 4 4 What separates the left and right sides of the heart 5 What is the job of capillaries 2 Where is blood coming from that enters the top left side of the heart 3 Which side of the heart is deoxygenated 6 What is unique about the pulmonary arteries and veins 7 Which way does blood move in a vein 8 Label the aorta in the diagram 9 Label the vena cava in the diagram 5 6 7 8

Question E A type man with blood type B marries a type O woman They have a type o child What is the genotypic ratio of their offspring What is the phenotypic ratio of their offspring 5 pts The type O woman has a child with a Type A man and has a type A baby Can she claim that her husband is the father Show evidence for your answer 5 pts

Fill in the following data using the information presented in the module lesson Copy and paste your baseline measurements from the M2 Assignment Fitness Plan into this document Please use the Heart Rate Video in Module 2 to calculate the following Heart Rate Zones Age Measurement Weight Optional Resting Heart Rate Maximum Heart Rate 60 Heart Rate Zone 0 6 maximum heart rate 70 Heart Rate Zone 0 7 maximum heart rate 80 Heart Rate Zone 0 8 maximum heart rate Height Baseline Measurement Date Post Measurement Date

Using your answers to the above questions fill in the workout chart below with a revised workout plan Make sure you include cardio resistance and flexibility training into your workout plan Date Warm Up Activity Exercise Frequency Time Type Cool Down

What does pulse oximetry have to do with PaCO₂? a. A pulse oximeter can directly measure the PaCO₂ (but not the PVCO₂). b. Increased PaCO₂ will cause more Hb to be saturated at lower PaO₂. c. The two are not related because a pulse oximeter measures PaO₂. d. The two are not related because pulse oximeter is distal and CO₂ is measured in the medulla. e. Decreased PaCO₂ will cause more Hb to be saturated at lower PaO₂.

Platelets are functional for approximately A. 90 days B. 120 days C. 7-10 days D. 21 days

What blood disorder would best be described as involving both abnormal bleeding and abnormal clotting? Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Thrombocytosis von Willebrand Disease

Newborns are deficient in what fat-soluble vitamin which is important for proper blood clotting? Vitamin K Vitamin B Vitamin A Vitamin C

Titers measure _ levels. Antibody Antigen Aliergen Antidote

Lymphocytes include Monocytes and Macrophages Granulocytes and Agranulocytes All of the above B and T cells

The majority of WBCs in circulation are Macrophages T cells Neutrophils Monocytes

A person with AB-blood receives O+ blood. The expected immune reaction would be based on the incompatibility of the Na emune reaction would be expected in this scenario Both blood type and Rh factor Blood type