Human Physiology - Neural Control & Coordination Questions and Answers

A fascicle of axons is covered by O endoneurium O perineurium

Most nerves fall into this category O motor O sensory mixed

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is also known as the Autonomic Nervous System somatic sensory division O visceral sensory division Osomatic motor division visceral motor division

Which one of the following functions of CSF allows CSF to protect the brain from its own weight OCSF helps regulate electrolyte levels within the brain CSF allows the brain to float OCSF removes wastes CSF maintains a constant temperature within the cranial cavity

Ependymal cells are a type of neuroglia One of the functions of ependymal cells is to produce CSF from fluid that leaks out of the choroid plexus Where does CSF production occur in the ventricles in the epidural space O in the arachnoid granulations the dural sinuses O

Name the two structures of the brain that are directly concerned with maintaining your body s homeostasis the hypothalamus the reticular formation the thalamus the cerebellum

If you cut the brain in the midline between the two halves of the thalamus what structure do you cut through between those two halves the corpus callosum the hypothalamus the third ventricle the fourth ventricle

look at the inferior surface of the brain anterior to the optic chiasm pull apart the frontal parietal and temporal lobes make a midline incision through the corpus callosum follow the brainstem up from the sihinal cord

If you were to pull the cerebral cortex into the shape of a blanket rather than all of the ups and downs of gyri and sulci how big would it be 1 square foot 2 5 square feet 5 square feet 10 square feet

Place the events of the action potential in order voltage gated potassium channels open potassium channels re set themselves voltage gated sodium channels open local potential depolarization of the trigger zone sodium channels re set themselves

B Name 3 proteins in these signal transduction pathways that we discussed that have SH2 domains Discuss what these proteins bind to and their function in the signal transduction pathway The STATS bind to the receptor through their SH2 domain Then the JAKS phosphorylate the STATS Phosphorylation causes them to change shape dissociate away from the receptor and form a dimer through their SH2 domains They are able to be imported to the nucleus and act as transcription factors I C Explain which proteins the proteins named in part B bind to with their SH2 domains

pons midbrain brain stem cerebrum hypothalamus thalamus medulla oblongata cerebellum

Base your answers to questions 11 and 12 on the data table below which shows the volume and mass of three different samples A B and mineral pyrite Sample A B C Pyrite Volume cm 2 5 6 0 20 0 Mass g 12 5 30 0 100 0 Mass grams 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 Volume cm 15 2

Place the events of the action potential in order sodium channels re set themselves A 2 LY V 1 V U voltage gated sodium channels open potassium channels re set themselves local potential depolarization of the trigger zone voltage gated potassium channels open

Some axons are myelinated What is the purpose of myelination to receive signals from sensory receptors to speed the conduction of action potentials to provide nutrients to the axon to transport proteins made in the cell body

Question 11 1 point There are 25 O O O O 10 20 times as many neuroglial cells in the CNS than there are neurons

Match the function with the neuroglial cell that performs the function the macrophages of the CNS produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid CSF wrap foot processes around the brain s capillaries produce myelin for CNS axons 1 astrocyte 2 oligodendrocyte 3 microglial cell 4 ependymal cell

Match the structural region of a neuron with its general function 1 3 2 Y V axon terminals cell body axon 1 receptive 2 conductive 3 secretory

Neurons that carry touch sensations from your skin are typically which type multipolar bipolar

Match each structure with its components 2 V 4 1 3 cell bodies in the PNS Peripheral nervous system axons in the CNS Icell bodies in the CNS axons in the PNS 1 nucleus of the CNS not the cell or the atom 2 ganglion 3 nerve 4 tract

Most neurons are which type Opseudounipolar neurons unipolar neurons bipolar neurons

Question 1 In some cases just a few hormone molecules binding to the surface of a cell can trigger a very large response because O each hormone can bind to transcription factorssimultaneously causing amplification of the signal O the signal is amplified by activation of enzymes that each catalyze multiple reactions the hormone triggers the cell to release more hormones amplifying the signal O the signal is amplified by activation of transcription factors that each catalyze multiple reactions O each hormone can bind to multiple receptors simultaneously causing amplification of the signal

When a neurotransmitter released from one neuron binds to a O voltage gated ion channel O nuclear receptor O ligand gated ion channel O G protein coupled receptor O enzyme linked receptor on a secondneuron that neuron depolarizes and fires

In small groups students will a create a paragraph addressing the following question Why does how we approach fear matter

Which of these muscles is involved in mastication O temporalis Osternocleidomastoid O trapezius O diaphragm Question 4 1 point Listen Which of these muscles extends the head O the sternocleidomastoid the scalenes the trapezius the tibialis anterior

When the action potential stops the muscle will relax The calcium ions are pumpec back into the O rough endoplasmic reticulum Olysosomes peroxisome sarcoplasmic reticulum

Look at Figure 10 14 the Neuromuscular Junction NMJ Where is the NMJ located at the plasma membrane of the muscle cell on either end of the muscle fiber at the triad made of 2 terminal cisternae and 1 T tubule at the mitochondria of the muscle cell

How does neurotransmitter released by the neuron at the NMJ cause a signal at tl motor end plate the neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the motor end plate the neurotransmitter diffuses through the motor end plate the neurotransmitter activates an enzyme on the motor end plate the neurotransmitter activates a transcription factor

At the NMJ the neuron sends a signal to the muscle cell by releasing chemical neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft Which type of neurotransmitter is used by neurons at the NMJ acetylcholine ACh dopamine epinephrine EPI serotonin 5 HT

Place the events of the action potential in order Start with resting membrane potential repolarization depolarization resting membrane potential

When viewing the vertebral column laterally the spinal cord can be seen through the a foramen magnum b vertebral foramen Oc intervertebral foramen d transverse foramen

Question 24 0 75 poin Listen GOOOOOOOOOOOOO 17 What structure is indicated by C Question 25 0 75 points A B CERCOLCHOLO C D

Hypothesis testing The formulation of a hypothesis is based on observations and refined by available information from past observations or research Place the following statements in the appropriate sequence showing the progression from an observation to a testable hypothesis Rank the options below Does temperature affect the growth of mold or is the difference in mold growth related to differences between the bread and the rolls You propose that colder temperatures impede the growth of mold You notice that the bread you left on the counter has more mold on it than do the rolls that you left in the refrigerator Bread placed in warmer temperatures should develop mold faster and more extensively than bread placed in colder temperatures No answer 234

In order to ensure that the nerve impulse may be produced at any time sodium is actively transported out of the cell and potassium is transported into the cell by the pump Which of the following types of work is performed by the pump sodium potassium sodium potassium Mechanical Electrical Concentration Synthetic

Listen Loose connective tissue has a lot of ground substance In contrast dense connective tissues are mostly made out of a protein fibers Ob plasma O c minerals d fat cells Question 16 1 point Listen Osseous tissue is another name for tissue O blood Obone cartilage tendons Question 17 1 point Listen

happening at each h the process What is the label or name for the phase and what is going on at that point in the action potential The phase begins at resting potential and the numbers correspond to the different parts of the action potential 1 2 3 4 5 30 Membrane potential mv 70 Stimulus Spike Threshold Na channels become refractory no more Nat enters cell 6 Next when the action potential makes its way down to the synaptic terminal please point out the processes that cause the neurotransmitter to be released what steps take place once the action potential reaches its destination There are 3 parts what sets the process in motion how is it released and what happens after release 1 3 3

3 2 An enzyme moves along a strand of DNA and produces a new nucleic acid strand Part of the new strand is here GUACUCGGCAAUUUCGCA Which of the following cellular processes created the new strand Otranscription O replication O crossing over active transport 1 pc

3 1 Which molecule typically has a double helix shape O cellulose O DNA O glucose tRNA

56 What is resting membrane potential a Definition b C Does the ICF have an overall positive or negative charge Does the ECF have an overall positive or negative charge d Which ion is mainly responsible for setting the RMP and why 57 What is depolarization repolarization and hyperpolarization Definition a b What is the overall effect of the membrane mV normally for each c Which ions are involved and are they entering or exiting the cell

6 Describe what happens during an action potential hint a labelled diagram may be useful

3 What neurotransmitter will not be released if calcium channels are blocked 1 mark

5 How is an electrical synapse different from a chemical synapse

Match the following sensory receptors to the stimuli they detect Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer thermoreceptors mechanoreceptors nociceptors photoreceptors chemoreceptors 3 4 5 stretch temperature light energy chemicals in solution pain Reset Help

Match the receptor with its stimulus spiral organ crista ampullaris maculae 1 pressure waves hearing 2 change in head position along a horizontal plane 3 rotational acceleration

Select ALL of the following that are true regarding skeletal muscle fiber contraction Acetylcholine ACh binding to its receptors causes voltage gated sodium channels to open producing an end plate potential Acetylcholine ACh released by the motor neuron diffused across the synaptic cleft and binds to its receptors on the muscle fiber s sarcolemma Sodium entering in to the cell causes depolarization and potassium exiting from the cell causes repolarization Following the end plate potential there is a wave of depolarization that causes voltage gated sodium channels to open resulting in more sodium entering the cell

Match the eye structure with its function V retina ciliary zonule choroid cornea lens supplies blood to all layers of the eyeball and absorbs light to prevent scattering 2 holds lens in position 1 3 4 5 contains photoreceptor cells that transduce light energy changes shape to precisely focus light on retina lets light enter the eye and bends light as it enters the eye

the following is not a function of astrocytes anchor neurons to blood vessels provide the defense for the CNS support and brace neurons guide the migration of young neurons synapse formation and helping to determine capillary permeability Question 35 2 points Listen Collections of nerve cell bodies outside of the central nervous system are called tracts ganglia nuclei norves

Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible True False

Anterior Association Area Posterior Association Area Cerebral Association Area Limbic Association Area Question 39 2 points 4 Listen anning Select ALL of the following that could occur as a result of an injury to the hypothalamus loss of fine motor control sleep disturbances loss of body temperature control

llowing that are functions of dendrites convey incoming messages toward the cell body receive signals from other neurons produce graded potentials generate action potentials and transmit them away from the cell body Question 37 2 points 4 Listen Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following EXCEPT sleep disturbances Oloss of fine motor control loss of body temperature control dehydration