Biomolecules Questions and Answers

The orientation of monomers in a larger molecule can make it stronger or weaker. True False

The molecule you are studying contains many glycosidic bonds. There is most likely a monosaccharide, like glucose a disacchride, like lactose a disaccharide, like galactose a polysaccharide, like starch

The individual sugar molecules in a carbohydrate are bound together with ionically. True False

Monosaccharides (mono- = "; sacchar- = number of carbons usually ranges from ") are simple sugars, the most common of which is In monosaccharides, the

Disaccharides are formed by hydration reactions. True False

According to the stoichiometric formula for carbohydrates, if a carb has 4 carbons, how many hydogrens should be it? So, n =4: (CH,O)n 0 2 4 8

Select the correct statement about isotopes. Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic masses. All the isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons. All the isotopes of an element are radioactive. Isotopes occur only in the heavier elements.

A Lpid fat molecule consists of two parts-glycerol and fatty acids. Glycerol is an hydrogens, and three hydroxyl ( compound with groups. Fatty acids have a long chain of hydrocarbons to which a group is attached, hence the name "fatty acid." The number of carbons in the fatty acid may range from carbons,

A well known danger of desert living is heat stroke. While most people think about dehydration and lack of water as a major issue, many don't realize that heat denatures proteins. Therefore, heat can damage tissues because proteins play critical roles in tissue structure and function. True False

the modification of mRNA (editing/splicing)... involves removal of exons and joining the introns together to form the mature mRNA involves removal of the cap from the 5' end and removing the tail from 3' end of the mRNA involves cutting out exons and each exon becomes a separate "mature" mRNA occurs before translation occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Which of these is NOT a protein function? A. Hemoglobin carries oxygen to the organs and tissues. B. Enzymes speed up reaction rates. C. Antibodies fight infections and diseases. D. Phospholipids provide structural support to the cell membrane.

In the "dam" analogy of oxidative phosphorylation, what does the dam represent? the electron transport chain carbohydrates electrons the membrane protons

In order to adapt to a low carbohydrate intake, the body generates ketones, which can be used as an emergency fuel, particularly for the brain, which prefers glucose. Which of the following is characteristic of ketosis? A. It may lead to a lowering of blood pH. C. It may be alleviated quickly by ingestion of some dietary fat. D. It increases endurance by complementing the energy your body receives from fatty acids more effectively than carbohydrates.

What is true about proteins? In the tertiary structure, we observe the polypeptide chain, with multiple fundamental structures, adopt a folded heterogeneous shape that is essential for the optimal functioning of the protein. Every single one of this irregular structures are called "domains", and they usually have one specific action in the whole protein complex In the tertiary structure, we observe the polypeptide chain, with multiple fundamental structures, adopt a folded homoogeneous shape that is essential for the optimal functioning of the protein. Every single one of this regular structures are called "domains", and they usually have one specific action in the whole protein complex In the quaternary structure, we observe the polypeptide chain, with multiple fundamental structures, adopt a folded homoogeneous shape that is essential for the optimal functioning of the protein. Every single one of this regular structures are called "domains", and they usually have one specific action in the whole protein complex In the quaternary structure, we observe the polypeptide chain, with multiple fundamental structures, adopt a folded heterogeneous shape that is essential for the optimal functioning of the protein. Every single one of this irregular structures are called "domains", and they usually have one specific action in the whole protein complex

1. List three conditions that would alter the activity of an enzyme. Be specific with your explanations. 2. Describe two different catalysts and explain why they would be used in a chemical reaction. 3. What are the practical applications of using enzymes?

Which of the following statements is false? Smoke is produced when a given type of organic or inorganic material is scraped, sawed, ground, drilled, handled, heated, crushed, or otherwise deformed. Aerosols are liquid or solid particles that are so small they can remain suspended in air long enough to be transported over a distance. Common causes of fumes are processes such as welding and torch cutting, both of which involve the interaction of intense heat. Mists are tiny liquid droplets suspended in air.

Write one of the three types of solutions next to its description or example. a. Your cells are in osmotic balance and, thus, do not shrink or swell. b. This is why the liquid portion of your blood is not pure water. C. This is why few organisms live in the highly salty Dead Sea. Solution Type

1. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? a. store and transmit heredity b. help to fight disease c. control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes d. build tissues such as bone and muscle

Which of the following methods can be used to measure protein abundance? 1. Western blotting analysis 2. Absorption spectrophotometry (measure UV light absorbance at 280nm) 3. Bradford Assay 4. All of the answers are correct

The backbone of DNA and RNA is composed of _. DNA is double stranded due to interactions between adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, which are Uracil is a

Water dissociates into _ both. ions. All aqueous solutions contain and _ Hydronium Hydroxide Dissociation of water can be represented by an equilibrium reaction. The equilibrium constant (Kw)for dissociation of water is equal to Kw can be used to calculate [H3O+] and [OH-] in any aqueous solution. In order to determine pH, find the concentration of [H3O+].

When enzyme action stops due to a buildup of end product that acts as a regulatory molecule, this control is called Select one: a. competitive inhibition b. enzyme induction c. enzyme repression

The fields of genomics and proteomics differ in that Select one: a. genomics refers to the study of an organism's entire genome, whereas proteomics is the study of expressed proteins. b. genomics is the study of an organism's chromosomes and the resulting proteins are studied in the field of proteomics. c. genomics is the study of an organism's chromosomes and proteomics is the study of transcription and translation of proteins. d. the field of genomics involves the study of DNA replication and the field of proteomics refers to the study of transcription and translation

Which of the following functional groups is mismatched to the organic compound in which it is typically found? Select one: a. Phosphate - carbohydrates b. Sulfhydryl - proteins c. Amino - proteins d. Hydroxyl-alcohols e. Carboxyl-fatty acids

In which stage of cellular respiration is glucose split into to molecules of pyruvate? Glycolysis The Kreb's Cycle Electron Transport All of the above

When your plasmid contains the regulatory elements of the lactose operon, which of the following forms of regulation could be used to greatly increase the production of your protein product? Repression Positive regulation Induction

Rank the following compounds in order from LEAST reactivity to MOST reactivity for an SN2 reaction. A. PhCHBrCH3 B. (CH₂)₂CHCH₂CH₂Br C. (CH₂)₂CHCH₂CHBRCH, D. (CH₂)₂CBRCH₂CH₂CH3

Which of the following situations are occurring when a red flower (RR) and a white flower (WW) produce a pink flower? A. multiple alleles B. incomplete dominance C. codominance

Researchers investigated the effect of urea on the three-dimensional structure of a certain enzyme. The researchers dissolved the enzyme in an aqueous buffer solution and added urea to the solution. The enzyme did not appear to have a secondary or tertiary structure. The researchers carefully removed the urea from the solution and determined that the enzyme had the original secondary and tertiary structure again. Based on the results of the experiment, which of the following statements best predicts the effect of urea on the enzyme's function? a. Function will be disrupted by adding the urea and regained by removing the urea. b. Function will be disrupted by adding the urea, but it will not be regained by removing the urea. c. Function will be gained by adding the urea and disrupted by removing the urea. d. Function will be unaffected by the addition and removal of the urea.

A researcher proposes a model to explain how enzyme-substrate interactions determine enzyme specificity. The model is based on the idea that substrate molecules form favorable interactions with the amino acid side chains in an enzyme's active site. Based on the model, which of the following statements best explains an enzyme's specificity for a particular substrate molecule? a. A hydrophilic molecule interacts with nonpolar side chains in the enzyme's active site. b. A hydrophobic molecule interacts with polar side chains in the enzyme's active site. c. A molecule with positive charges interacts with positively charged side chains in the enzyme's active site. d. A molecule with negative charges interacts with positively charged side chains in the enzyme's active site.

Staphylococcus aureus grows best in moderate temperatures, but can grow in cold conditions such as refrigerators. This makes S. aureus a... thermophile psychotroph hyperthermophile mesophile

The slowed growth or lack of growth of an organism at temperatures or pH outside of its ideal range is most likely due to changes in its enzymes and proteins bacterial chromosome capsule cell wall

Analyze the data to describe how blood glucose levels are impacted by diet, and how insulin injections affect a diabetic person's blood glucose levels. Use evidence from the text and graphics to support your answer.

4- Choose the correct sentence; Mildoxidation of the tail of the Aldose produces one of the following: in the space provided give one example with mild-oxidation of glucose. a) Estaer b) Hemi-acetal c) Hemi-ketal d) Aldouronic acid e) Alcohol

Which of the following is evidence that allows scientists to estimate when oxygen production began on Earth? Accumulation of dead plant material that turned into fossil fuels Iron rich rocks that are rusted Formation of the Sun Deposition of sediment on the ocean floor

3- Choose the correct sentence; Mildoxidation of the head of the Aldose produces one of the following: in the space provided give one example with mildoxidation of glucose. a) Ester b) Hemi-acetal c) Hemi-ketal d) Alcohol e) Aldonic acid

13- The difference between a and b- D-glucopyranose is that: a) In the a conformation, the OH on C1 is down and in b the OH is up. b) In the a conformation, the OH on C2 is down and in b the OH is up. c) In the a conformation, the OH is up and in b the OH is down. K

16- The main difference between glucose and fructose is that: 1. Glucose has four chiral centers and fructose has only three. 2. Glucose is poly hydroxy ketone, while fructose is poly hydroxy aldehyde. 3. Glucose has six carbon atoms, while fructose has five. 4. Glucose is monosaccharide, while fructose is good example for disaccharide. 5. None of the above.

A hypothetical "microbullet" shot through a phospholipid bilayer will pass the bilayer components in which order? tail → tailhead → head head → tail → tail → head head → tail → head → tail head → head → tail → tail tail → head → tail → head

Mercury is also liquid at body temperature, but it can't replace water in living organisms. Mercury's hydrogen bonds don't hold mercury atoms together, so they break easily and don't require a lot of energy to break. Why would that be problematic for living organisms to maintain homeostasis?

Which of the following statements is correct? a. The expression: ΔG=ΔH - TΔS shows that free energy (G) is directly related to entropy (S) b. A spontaneous change in a system involves an increase in free energy. c. The product of an exergonic reaction contains more energy than the reactions. d. Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by increasing the electronegativity of atoms.

Areas of natural vegetation on the banks of waterways act as "buffers" by: absorbing sediments, nutrients and toxins. preventing fire ants from invading the water. absorbing micro-crystalline wax that bulks the cells of aquatic plants.

The base that complement base-pairs with guanine adenine antiparallel chainreaction cytosine deoxyribose O-Franklin helix hydrogen leading Onucleotide nucleus Okazaki polymerase Orepair

Which of the following describes difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids? presence or absence of double bonds between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain saturated fats are solid and unsaturated fats are liquid at room temp. arrangement of hydrogen atoms: cis versus trans both A and B are correct

What happens when an atom loses an electron? A. It has an increase in the number of protons. B. It has a decrease in the number of neutrons. C. It becomes a negative ion. D. It becomes a positive ion.

Which of the following are structural isomers of each other? A ribose and pentose B, glucose and fructose C. sucrose and fructose D, Blucose and maltose

What best describes the processes of pasteurization and ultra-pasteurization of milk? Pasteurization raises the temperature to approximately 72° C for 15 seconds, slowly ramping up the temperature, while ultra-pasturization raises the temperature to 72° very fast to shock the contaminating microbes. Pasteurization raises the temperature to approximately 72° C for 1 minute while ultra-pasturization raises the temperature to approximately 72° C for 3 minutes. Pasteurization only uses heat while ultra- pasturization uses both heat and irradiation. Pasteurization raises the temperature to approximately 72° C for 15 seconds while ultra-pasturization raises the temperature well above the boiling point but for a shorter time before rapidly cooling it.

When an atom of uranium-235 is bombarded with neutrons, it splits into smaller nuclei and produces a great amount of energy. This nuclear process is called__ fission chain reaction fusion ionization decomposition

Define enzyme denaturation in terms of protein structure. What environmental factors can denature enzymes? What does it mean to say that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is either enzyme limited or substrate limited?

You build 2 protein molecules, each from 113 amino acids. The amino acid sequence is identical for each protein molecule, except for the amino acid in position #8. In one protein molecule, the amino acid in position #8 is glycine. In the second protein molecule, the amino acid in position #8 is methionine. Do you expect these two proteins to have different 3D, folded structures? No, because this is just one amino acid out of many. Yes, because an amino acid change at the beginning of the polypeptide sequence will always affect protein shape. No, because both R groups will orient toward the protein's exterior. Yes, because glycine's R group is much smaller than methionine's R group. No, because both R groups will orient toward the protein's interior.