Anatomy and Physiology Questions

Extra credit The solutions in the two arms of this U tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and glucose but not to sucrose Side A is half filled with a solution of 2 M sucrose and 1 M glucose Side B is half filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M glucose Initially the liquid levels on both sides are equal Sucrose 2 M Glucose 1 M A B U isotonic Sucrose 1 M Extra credit Refer to the figure Initially in terms of tonicity the solution in side A with respect to the solution in side B is Ohypertonic Osaturated Glucose 2 M

had more dangerous rotavirus strains that can hospitalize or lead to fatality of infants Incidence of illness cases 100 child years 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 25 86 14 46 Placebo control 2 15 2 15 Low Any rotavirus illness Severe rotavirus illness 6 19 0 Medium Dose of vaccine 6 86 0 High In this diagram the Y axis of the graph shows values of Incidence of Illness in infants The varying numbers of infants getting sick with rotavirus represents the O independent variable of this medical study O normal infant baseline for reference to results from this medical study O standardized variable of this medical study O control group of infants in this medical study

Examine these two sugars as shown prior to the chemical reaction that would bond them True Glucose C6H12O6 False OH HO These glucose and fructose molecules will bond to form a monosaccharide with the removal of water Fructose C6H12O6

Hyposmotic solution 0 Impermeable solute Isosmotic solution A solution is said to be isotonic if it contains Hyperosmotic solution O the same number of nonpenetrating solute particles as the interior of cells Ofewer nonpenetrating solute particles than the interior of cells 0 more nonpenetrating solute particles than the interior of cells

The solutions in the arms of a U tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose Side A is filled with a solution of 0 4 M glucose and 0 5 M sodium chloride NaCl and side B is filled with a solution containing 0 8 M glucose and 0 4 M sodium chloride Initially the volume in both arms is the same Side A Initial setup 0 4 M glucose 0 5 M NaCl Membrane Side B 0 8 M glucose 0 4 M NaCl At the beginning of the U tube experiment illustrated above which of the following statements is true Side A is hypertonic to side B with respect to glucose Side A is hypertonic to side B Side A is hypotonic to side B Side A is hypotonic to side B with

Outside cell Inside cell O Na O Plasma membrane Na aquaporins leaky K channels leaky CI channels Na K diffusion leabyCat channel Na diffusion Na Protein Na In addition to the sodium potassium pump that establishes the concentration gradient of Nat and K across the membrane action of is needed to establish the resting membrane potential Na Na Na K pump Na Na

Filum terminale Lumbar enlargement Sacral spinal nerves Cervical spinal nerves Thoracic spinal nerves Cauda equina Cervical enlargement 1 1 Dearson

Pineal gland Thalamus Pons Midbrain Spinal cord Cerebellum Hypothalamus Medulla oblongata III

Ventral root Dorsal root ganglion Central canal Dorsal root White columns Spinal nerve Gray matter

Which of the following would you expect to stimulate a chemoreceptor O the movement of fluid in your ears when spinning in circles the pH of your blood becoming too low someone holding your hand O a warm cup of coffee touching your skin

Medial Trochlea 162 Surgical neck Radial groove epicondyle Anatomical neck Lateral epicondyle Olecranon fossa Head

Listen What is the function description of the structure labeled as 5 3 7 8 2 6 4 1 5 O An additional layer of cells that increases amount of the strong resistant barrier present and increases the distance so touch receptors are less sensitive 9 O Resists mechanical forces in multiple directions recoils when stretched Some cells divide to replace cells lost from the apical surface some cells produce melanin some cells detect light touch Cells synthesize components that are ultimately used to create a strong resistant barrier O The superficial layer of dead cells that create a strong resistant barrier O Insulates cushions and is an energy reserve Binds the epithelial layer to the dense connective tissue beneath allows nutrient exchange Cells degrade internal components that are not needed to create a strong resistant barrier and then the cells die

1 When blood calcium is too low the parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone This hormone causes bone to be broken down releasing more calcium into the blood Once the blood calcium level reaches homeostatic level again the stimulus ends a Which type of feedback mechanism regulates this response i e positive or negative b Explain why you think it is that type of feedback

3 Patients who are dehydrated receive IVs filled with saline solutions which contain NaCl Explain why it would not be wise to use pure water in an IV and why a saline solution is a better choice Include at least three of the following words in your answer hypotonic isotonic hypertonic crenation hemolysis

13 Which of the following is ampholite amphotheric a NOS b SO b HASO b NH

4 Al 18 Consider the following acids i HXO4 ii HXOs iii HXO and iv HXO Which of the following is the strongest ba a XD b XO c XQ d XO

a NaBr 2 CH NH 3 HI 4 0 17 Which of the following ions has the smallest radiu a 0 2 F 3 N 4 Al

Compare and contrast Six Sig and Lean methodologies

Reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is usually done by the OA proximal convoluted tubule OB loop of Henle OC collecting duct D distal convoluted tubule

A The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract B The epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin which allows a great deal of stretch C Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine

Question 3 1 point How is the bulk of carbon dioxide transported in blood OA chemically combined with the heme portion of hemoglobin B as bicarbonate ions in the plasma Oc as carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the plasma OD chemically combined with the amino acids of hemoglobin Question 4 1 point Which of the following is NOT an important function of the liver OA OB O c D synthesis of blood proteins synthesis of bile salts synthesis of vitamin K carbohydrate and lipid metabolism

Next Page Question 1 1 point What is the outcome of ketosis A metabolic alkalosis B glucogenesis C glycogen buildup D water retention and edema E metabolic acidosis Question 2 1 point Which hormone is the necessary trigger for ovulation to occur A estrogen B progesterone

Cephalochordata Vertebrata Class Aves Vertebrata Class Agnatha Urochordata Cephalochordata Vertebrata Class Crocodilia Vertebrata Class Agnatha Vertebrata Class Aves Vertebrata Class Mammalia Vertebrata Class Chondrichthyes Vertebrata Class Amphibia Vertebrata Class Osteichthyes Vertebrata Class Testudines Select correct subphylum class of Chordata hyes Vertebrata Class Chondrichthyes

Mason is a four month old infant born with alcleft lip la condition where the skin that forms a baby s upper lip does not completely join and leaves a slit in the skin Mason stayed in the neonatal intense clipa condicion whereted a feeding tube to eat the first few weeks of life The family shared with you that their time in the hospital was an extremely stressful experience Mason is now doing great and only needs the help of a specialized bottle nipple for eating Mason s mother and father are thrilled to have Mason in your program and Mason s mother is excited to return to work They ve said they are looking forward to enjoying our baby and returning to a normal life Mason s cleft lip is noticeable and other staff and some family members of other children in the program have asked you questions such as What happened to that little baby or What kind of bottle is that You are not sure how to respond or what Mason s family feels comfortable sharing You feel you should communicate with Mason s parents that others have asked questions about their child How will you initiate this conversation with Mason s family Think about how to be sensitive to the fact that the family has been through a stressful experience and are now excited for their child and themselves to return to normal Record some notes on how you would discuss the situation with the family and share your responses with a coach trainer or administrator

8 4 3 V 2 v 5 V V V Released into the stomach to begin the digestion of proteins after they have been emulsified Pancreatic enzymes released in Pancreatic Juice to complete the digestion of proteins Released into the duodenum of the small intestine to complete the digestion of carbohydrates Released into the duodenum to emulsify fats Released from the gastric pits of the stomach to denature proteins and kill microorgansisms An enzyme in Pancreatic Juice that digests fat lipid droplets after they have 1 Salivary amylase 2 Pancreatic amylase 3 Pepsin 4 Trypsin Chymotrypsin and Carboxypeptidase 5 Lipase 6 Nuclease 7 Bile 8 Hydrochloric Acid HCI

4 5 V 1 3 v 2 v v digestive process with its description To reduce the size of a large molecule by chewing To reduce a large polymer to individual monomer by the use of enzymes A reduction in the size of fat droplets necessary before enzymatic digestion To reduce the acidity by conversion to a salt water and carbon dioxide A change in the shape of a protein necessary before enzymatic digestion 1 Emulsification 2 Denaturation 3 Neutralization 4 Mechanical Digestion 5 Chemical Digestion

V V V V Local normone Trom the duodenum that stimulates secretion of Pancreatic Juice Intrinsic nerves in the muscularis externa that detect stretch of the wall and trigger peristalsis Local hormone released by the stomach to increase all gastric secretions from the gastric pits Local hormone from the duodenum in response to a high fat meal causes secretion of bile slows the emptying of the stomach and causes a sense of satisfaction Extrinsic nerves from the central nervous system that slow all digestive activity 1 Sympathetic Nervo 2 Parasympathetic Ne 3 Myenteric Plexus 4 Gastrin 5 Secretin 6 cholecystokinen 7 Submucosal Plexus

Match the description to the most appropriate joint condition Uric acid crystals accumulate in the joint Joint stiffness resulting from a tick born bacterial infection Reduction in joint cartilage caused by age or wear and tear Can result in a popping of the jaw and headaches Surgical replacement of a diseased joint An autoimmune disease that leads to joint inflammation TMJ disorder Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Lyme disease Gouty arthritis Arthroplasty

R Fibrous Pivot Ball and socket Plane Hinge

Match the motion description to the most appropriate anatomical movement term A decrease in the angle of articulating bones Shaking your head no Spreading of the fingers of the hand apart from one another Turning of the palm of the hand anteriorly Special action of pointing the toes at the ankle joint An increase in the angle of articulating bones

Too much sun exposure can be problematic but so can too little sun exposure Explain this trade off Additionally name one thing you can limit sun exposure if you must be outside

List two separate functions of synovial fluid in a synovial joint

Which of the following would be an example of a synarthrosis in an adul Pubic symphsis Condylar joint Suture Pivot joint

The reticular layer of the dermis interfaces with the epidermis True False

Which structure is made up of dense regular connective tissue and connects muscle to bone Ligament Fat pad Bursae Tendon Meniscus

D Which of the following is NOT true concerning articulations Interosseus membranes are an example of a fibrous joint There is a trade off between joint mobility and stability The rotator cuff muscles help stabilize the glenohumeral joint The sagittal suture is an example of a cartilaginous joint The knee contains menisci that help stabilize and cushion the joint 2 points Which of the following ligament most likely involved in an ankle sprain Posterior cruciate ligament Anterior cruciate ligament Lateral ligament Deltoid ligament Medial collateral ligament

Which type of synovial joint would you find between your carpals It permits limited motion Plane Suture Pivot Hinge Ball and socket 2 2 points A soccer player sustains a knee injury during a game from a blow to their leg in the frontal plane The injury is diagnosed as an unhappy tria damage to the medial meniscus the tibial collateral ligament and LCL TMJ ATP ACI

The glenohumeral shoulder joint would be characterized as which of the following Uniaxial synovial Fibrous joint Diarthrosis ball and socket Epiphyseal cartilage Compbocio

Which of the following is NOT present in a typical synovial joint Ligaments Synovial membrane Dense plaques Synovial fluid Articular cartilage

14 15 The elbow joint is a very unstable articulation O True False 2 points Type 2 levers are common in the body True False 2 points The hip articulation is a synovial saddle joint True

Select the answer choice that places the layers of the integument in the proper order from superficial to deep O Corneum granulosum spinosum basale Spinosum granulosum lucidum basale Basale corneum granulosum spinosum Lucidum granulosum corneum basale

Which of the following would be NOT occur in an older person s skin Wrinkles and crease lines Longer wound healing time Thicker more elastic skin Hair loss and hair greying Reduced dendritic cell activity

Which layer of the epidermis contains active stem cells that are responsible for forming new cells Stratum granulosum Subcutaneous layer Stratum spinosum Stratum corneum Stratum barale

Sally s face has a reddish flush after finishing a 5k run What pigment is most responsible for this appearan Hemoglobin Rhodopsin Pheomelanin Eumelanin

se match the movement or activity with the correct plane of movement it occurs Ulnar and radial deviation Bicep curls The ulnohumeral and radiohumeral joints when pitching Rotating your head to look over your shoulder 1 Sagittal Plane 2 Frontal Plane 3 Transverse Plane

distribution and subject matter True False Question 16 During World War 2 Hollywood actually did very little to help the actual war effort True 1 pts

True False Question 13 During World War 2 B grade patriotic films were a response to the conflict True False Question 14 During World War 2 the Office of War Information established a Bureau of Motion Pict Affairs

Muscles pulling on bone at their attachment sites places which type of mechanical force on the bone 1 Compression 2 Shear 3 Bending 4 Tension

Which of the following is an example of an amphiarthrodial joint 1 Tibiofibular joint 2 Coxafemoral joint 3 Sutures of the skull 4 Intervertebral joints

Which part of the stress strain curve represents the normal daily stress and strain placed on ligaments Toes region Physiological region Plastic region Yield point