General Anatomy Questions and Answers
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyDoes pepsin contribute significantly to the digestion of protein in the chyme after it leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine? Why or why not?.
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyAn organism having fimbriae has the advantage over one that lacks fimbriae because
it can move actively
it can obtain nutrients from beef broth
it can be stained easily
it can attach to specific surfaces
Anatomy and Physiology
General Anatomywhich staining is used for Mycobacterium, which have unique lipids such as waxy mycolic acid in their cell walls?"
gram staining
acid fast staining
simple staining
negative staining
capsular kitaining
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyGood control of diseases spread by fecal contamination of food or water is best achieved
vaccination of the majority of the population
improved sanitation sewers and water purification
vector control
prompt tracing of sexual contacts of those infected
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyAn eukaryotic microbial gene always encodes a protein product (i.e lack introns)
True
False
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyGive the best match for each of these scientist's most famous discovery?
Ignaz Semmelweis
John Snow
Louis Pasteur
Joseph Lister
A. Washing hands with chlorine water
B.. tracing origin of disease outbreak
C. pasteurizing milk
D. Disinfecting surgery sites
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyIn the preparation of human DNA fragments for making recombinant DNA, the first step is to use a(an) ___ to cut the fragment from a chromosome
figase (glue enzyme)
restriction endonuclease (scissors enzyme)
DNA polymerase (replication enzyme)
all of these
Anatomy and Physiology
General Anatomynebiotics are generally not of much value in the treatment of botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum since the infected person is intoxicated rather than infected
True
False
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyHow do all these folds increase the surface area and the absorption capacity of
the small intestine?
Observe the slide of the small intestine on display and draw a few representative villi, columnar epithelial cells on the villi and goblet cells and label them (Fig. 8). Goblet cells are glandular simple columnar epithelial cells whose sole function is to secrete mucin, which dissolves in water to form mucus.
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyAn antimicrobial agent that can be used as an antifungal drug because of its ability to bind to sterols in the membrane and change membrane fluidity is
streptomycin
tifampin
amphotericin
penicillin
none of these
Wake Up
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomySpirochetes have appendages called axial filaments that they utilize for
attachment to surfaces
locomation
axial filaments
conjugation
protection
Anatomy and Physiology
General Anatomye. Final breakdown and absorption of food:
Completion of the breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients happen in the small intestine.
Based on all the labs that you have done so far, what will a cell need a lot of to absorb monomers fast into the
cells?...............
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyExplain why the first step of lipid digestion is known as a physical breakdown.
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyAn antibiotic that disrupts the hosts normal biota can cause superinfection
True
False
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyDysentery is most commonly contracted through
Fecal oral route from contaminated food or water
Direct transmission from one host to another
Insect bites
all of these
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyWhich of the followimg is a protective feature of the skin?
Keratinized surface
Non-Resident biota
Low salt content
High pH
Anatomy and Physiology
General Anatomy"Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated on the shelf of a refrigerator, out on a lab bench top, on the shelf of a 37° C incubator and on the shelf of a 65° C incubator. After incubation, there was no growth at refrigeration and slight growth on the bench top and at 65° and abundant growth at at 37° C. What term could be used for this species?"
Psychrophiles
Mesophiles
Thermophiles
Acidophiles
Anatomy and Physiology
General Anatomy"When bacteria are cultivated in the presence of an antibiotic and a resistant clone arises, the ___ selected for a cell carrying a ___ conferring antibiotic resistance
bacteria; mutation
antibiotic; mutation
mutation; bacteria
mutation; antibiotic
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyAn antibiotic that can be effective against gram positive and negative species is likely to be:
narrow spectrum
natural
broad spectrum
competitive inhibitor
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyWhich of the following has an oligodynamic property?
Phenol
silver amalgam
hydrogen peroxide
ethyl alcohol
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyMatch the following microbial organelles/macromolecules with appropriate examples of antibiotics targeting synthesis of that organelie/macromolecule
DNA synthesis
RNA synthesis
cell wall
protein synthesis
& Moving to another question will save
A. amoxillin
B. doxycline
C. ciprofloxacin
D. rifampin
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyChagas disease is most commonly contracted through
Fecal oral route from contaminated food or water
Direct transmission from one host to another
Puncture wounds
Insect bites
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyThe predominant microorganism in the female reproductive tract during childbearing years is
Corynebacterium
Staphylococcus
Lactobacillus
E. coli
Candida albicans
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyLarge foreign molecules that are too big by themselves to elicit an immune response may be attached to a host macromolecule to generate an antigenic response
True
False
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyJohn inoculated about 10 cells into a broth media. Assuming a generation time of 20 minutes, estimate the number of cells after 4 hours and 20 minutes"
10240
327680
163840
655360
81920
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyAn increase in the numbers of red blood cells that makes the blood too viscous is
polycythemia.
hemorrhagic anemia.
pernicious anemia.
hemolytic anemia.
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyWhich type of white blood cell is the first to respond to an infection?
Basophil
Neutrophil
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Anatomy and Physiology
General Anatomyis a blood disorder caused by the lack of vitamin B-12.
Pernicious anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Sickle-cell disease
Polycythemia
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyWhich of the following situations creates edema?
a negative net filtration pressure (NFP)
an increase in the colloid osmotic pressure
a decrease in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient
an increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyThe exhalation of air from human lungs is driven by
a decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity.
the closure of the epiglottis.
a decrease in the residual volume of the lungs.
the expansion of the rib cage.
the contraction of the diaphragm.
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyAs a person goes from rest to full-effort exercise, there is an increase in the
residual volume.
tidal volume.
total lung capacity.
Ovital capacity.
All of the above would be different.
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyRadiation beams can be aimed from outside the body, to come together at the location of a tumor.
This does damage to the tumor's
A. walls
B. fibers
C. DNA
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyIf you owned a successful business which consistently produced at maximum
production, which of the following would best help you expand your production?
a) Allow workers to work overtime.
b) Procure more factors of production,
c) Buy more land in which to build more production facilities.
d) Apply for a loan to buy more land.
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyAntidiuretic hormone
a) is secreted in response to dehydration
b)induces fusion of aquaporin containing vesicles with the plasma membrane
c)All of the choices are correct.
d)stimulates water reabsorption by the kidney
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomySecondary structure (level 2) of a protein is defined by
a)alpha helices or pleated sheet, hydrogen bonds between nearby amino acids
b)chain of amino acids
c)hydrophobic amino acids
d)fully folded 3D structure of a protein - determined by R group interactions across the entire protein.
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyThe reaction in which the glucose forms into glycogen requires
a)The process of splitting of water
b) The process of hydrolysis
c)The process of glycolysis
d)The process of dehydration synthesis
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyIn osmosis, water will pass the lipid layer towards where
A) There is high concentration of solute
B)There is an equal concentration of solute
C) There is blood
D)There is low concentration of solute
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyMs. Pratt is claiming that Mr. Jacobs is the father of her child. Ms. Pratt's blood type is O negative. Her baby boy has type A positive blood. Mr. Jacobs blood is typed and found to be B positive.
a). Could he be the father of her child?
b). If so, how do you know?
c). If not, what blood type(s) would the father be expected to have?
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyYou hear someone say: 'The brain likes to use hierarchical processing. Frequently, it figures out simple things first, and those simple things get combined into more complicated things, and even more complicated things, as information gets further and further from sensory areas." In terms of the visual system, that person is more or less:
a)correct
b)incorrect
Anatomy and Physiology
General Anatomy36) ..........within the larynx, keeps food out of the vocal cords.
37) ...........on top of the larynx, keeps food out of the larynx.
38) ............the only external structure that is considered part of the respiratory system.
39) .........contain the vocal cords.
40) ...........also called the throat.
41) ............used in swallowing and holding breath; not useful for sound production.
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyRemember the eye blink classical conditioning scenario we discussed in class, where a tone was paired with a puff? This type of learning would strengthen synapses in the brain. Where would these synapses be most likely to occur?
A) reciprocal connections between the tone-hearing and eye-puff-detecting detecting neurons.
B) where neurons activated during tone hearing and neurons activated by air puff-sensing project their axons on neurons that cause blinking.
C) only within the tone-hearing neurons.
D) only within the eye-puff-detecting neurons.
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyWhy do males present with the phenotype for sex-linked traits more often than females?
A) because those traits are carried on the y chromosome.
B) because those traits are not carried on the y chromosome.
C) because males are more likely to express physical traits.
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyWhy is a DNA size standard used alongside the DNA sample to be tested?
A) it is a control to make sure the test works.
B) It contains known DNA alleles for comparison.
C) it is used to compare the relative DNA size of the tested sample.
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyWhy is an electric current used to push DNA through the gel in gel electrophoresis?
A) the flow of the current moves the DNA physically through the gel.
B) DNA is positively charged and moves toward the positive pole.
C) DNA is negatively charged and moves away from the negative pole.
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyWhich of the following DNA strands would be a complement to this one?
GACCATGC
A) CUGGUACG.
B) GTCCTAGC.
C) CTGGTACG.
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyWhen translating from DNA to RNA, RNA uses uracil in place of what DNA nitrogenous base?
A) thymine.
B) adenine.
C) guanine.
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyWhy is a comb placed into the gel as it sets up?
A) it smooths out any inconsistencies in the gel.
B) it defines where the current will run.
C) it provides wells in which the samples will go.
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyThe right cerebral hemisphere has primary control over all of the following functions except for
A). artistic ability.
B). ability to solve math problems.
C) reading facial expressions.
D). visual-spatial skills.
E.) musical ability
Anatomy and Physiology
General AnatomyDrug A gets in the way of synaptic transmission: it makes a postsynaptic potential less likely to happen; Drug B is a "helper" - it makes a postsynaptic potential more likely to happen. Drug Ais a ___and Drug B is a___
a)agonist; antagonist
b)antagonist; agonist
c) blockinator, facilitationist
d)antagonist: facilitationist