Kidney and Urinary Tract Questions and Answers

The capillaries at the first point of exchange in the nephron are much slower at filtration than most of the body s capillaries True False Question 4 5 pts Explain why drinking urine especially in emergency situations would actually dehydrate a person instead of hydrating a person Use the concentration of urine as the basis of your argument

D 07 O 50 O 25 0 99 Question 2 The average human excretes number of liters of urine in 24 hours 06

In the following flowchart that details the complete urine drainage network seen in the ki identify what kidney component is represented by marker D several Nephron Pyramid Pelvis several several right left Collecting Duct D Ureter

A intrinsic factor OB mucus C gastrin D hydrochloric acid E pepsinogen

Name the blood vessel between the arrows

Name the red vessel just between the arrows

Name the red vessel between the arrows 3

Angiotensin II elevates systemic blood pressure by A triggering arteriole constriction B inhibiting aldosterone C inhibiting ADH OD O E promoting the excretion of sodium promoting the release of ANP

What role or roles do erythrocytes have in the blood Carry hormones and ions Carry oxygen Move both oxygen and carbon dioxide All of these Transport carbon dioxide

Gross Anatomy of the Accessory Reproductive Glands The gross anatomy this exercise 7 of the seminal vesicles prostate gland and bulbourethral glands are examined in 1 Using models and charts that may be available in the lab identify the gross anatomical fea tures of the seminal vesicles prostate gland and bulbourethral glands Use the list below as a checklist for the terms seminal vesicles bulbourethral glands membranous urethra prostate gland 2 Label the accessory glands in Figure 12 4 by filling in the blanks following the figure Ureter Pubic bone cut 1 2 Prostatic urethra 3 Coffe Urinary bladder Ductus deferens Ejaculatory duct 4 Ampulla of ductus deferens Urogenital diaphragm Figure 12 4 The accessory glands Spongy urethra

Figure 1 13 illustrates the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Pathway Fill in the blanks to complete the illustration 2 Liver makes Blood vessels 6 Strong vaso creases blood pressure Low blood volume blood Na or blood pressure secretes 1 Blood volume increases 5 Kidney 3 8 9 4 7 Lungs Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Adrenal cortex secretes Kidney tubules water follows by osmosis Figure 1 13 The Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Pathway

ydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus 12 What would have to happen to the afferent and efferent arterioles to increase pressure What would have to happen to decrease pressure Think in terms of constriction and dilat Afferent To increase pressure To decrease pressure Efferent

A The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract B The epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin which allows a great deal of stretch C Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine

Match the description to the most appropriate joint condition Uric acid crystals accumulate in the joint Joint stiffness resulting from a tick born bacterial infection Reduction in joint cartilage caused by age or wear and tear Can result in a popping of the jaw and headaches Surgical replacement of a diseased joint An autoimmune disease that leads to joint inflammation TMJ disorder Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Lyme disease Gouty arthritis Arthroplasty

The question is what is the body really trying to regulate when it increases ventilation during exercise The equation for ACR above lists six different variables Is it one of those Which one is the KEY variable

If body pH drops by only 0 05 pH units below normal acidosis results Why dont people develop acidosis when they exercise hint input output

What is the function of atrial natriuretic peptide ANP When would it be secreted How would it help maintain homeostasis

How does the permeability of the ascending limb of the nephron loop affect the concentration of the ltrate as it flows up the loop

Ammonia and urea are waste products that the kidneys struggle to control Based on your DATA why

City State Local Time Time in Fiji estion 2 Data Table 2 Chemical Formulas Chemical Name Water Hydrogen Peroxide suva Ba 10 26 10 22 Formula

How does the permeability of the descending limb of the nephron loop affect the concentration of the ltrate as it flows toward the bottom of the loop How does the permeability of the ascending limb of the nephron loop affect the concentration of the ltrate as it flows up the loop

The vasa recta is a capillary and is permeable to both water and sodium Describe water movement and sodium movement as blood flows down the descending vasa recta The vasa recta is a capillary and is permeable to both water and sodium Describe water movement and sodium movement as blood flows up the ascending ya a recta

Considering the concept of transport maximum why would a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus have glucose in their urine What effect does aldosterone have on the membranes of the kidney tubule and how does this effect sodium reabsorption

2 The ascending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to but not permeable to

How does ADH antidiuretic hormone affect the collecting duct membrane and how does this influence water reabsorption In dehydration and overbydration what would be the levels of a ADH dehydration b Aldosterone dehydration overbydration 1 or 1 overhydration tor

How does sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule drive the reabsorption of other solutes such as glucose Explain the concept of transport maximum in your own words

What triggers the release of aldosterone What is the function of aldosterone What hormone must be present for water to osmotically follow sodium in the collecting duct What is the function of this hormone

How does NaCl movement out of the ascending nephron loop affect water movement in the escending nephron loop How is the permeability of the collecting duct different than the permeability of the rest of the kidney cubule

For each part of the renal tubule listed tell whether reabsorption secretion or both processes happen there a Proximal tubule b Nephron loop c Distal tubule d Collecting duct List at least 4 solutes that are secreted into the filtrate With these items in mind explain why secretion is so important in generating urine

is the movement of water and valuable solutes from the filtrate in the renal tubules into the blood In which part of the renal tubule does this take place In which part of the renal tubules does most of it take place is the movement of selected solutes from the blood of the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule for excretion

How does the Na K pump affect the reabsorption of sodium and water in the renal tubule Consuming a salty meal would increase decrease water reabsorption from the filtrate

Protein metabolism generates an abundance of nitrogen waste that takes the toxic form of ammonia NH3 How is this toxic product eliminated from the body O it is converted to urea and eliminated in the urine Oit is removed in the urine as ammonia O nitrogen waste is never removed from the body it is incorporated into new proteins O it is broken down in the Kreb s cycle O it combines with oxygen and is removed through the respiratory system

What is the purpose of reabsorption in the kidney tubule Name 2 pathways whereby water and solutes can be reabsorbed from the lumen of the rem tubule to the blood of the peritubular capillaries Which pathway is the most commonly us

1 The descending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to but not permeable to

40 The outer layer of the kidney is called as a Opelvis b c O medulla d column e O loop of Henle Bo b rak cortex JADORA

37 The amount of a substance that is excreted in the urine is equal to the amount that is plus the amount that is minus the amount that is O filtered reabsorbed secreted O secreted reabsorbed filtered reabsorbed filtered secreted OO reabsorbed secreted filtered O filtered secreted reabsorbed Bos b rak

his is the A ligament Be specific

Endometriosis is a disease in which endometrial tissue is found outside the uterus on adjacent organs It causes chronic pelvic pain and inflammation Which org might it be found on What is the name of the portion of the endometrium that becomes more vascular and thickens each month It is typically only found on the ovaries The corpus luteum is the portion of the endometrium that grows each month O It is typically only found on the ovaries The stratum functionalis is the portion of the endometrium that grows each month It is typically found on organs close to the uterus such as the uterine tubes ovaries pelvis vagina urinary bladder or even large intestine The myometrium is the portion of the endometrium that grows each month It is typically found on organs close to the uterus such as the uterine tubes ovaries pelvis vagina urinary bladder or even large intestine The stratum functionalis is the portion of the endometrium that grows each month

Identify the structure indicated Renal capsule dak O Glomerular capsule O Proximal convoluted tubule O Distal convoluted tubule

11 Of the following structures the one to receive filtrate last as it passes through the nephron is the a proximal convoluted tubule b ascending limb of the loop of Henle c glomerulus d collecting duct Peristalsis of the ureter is a function of the a serosa b mucosa c submucosa d muscularis 12 13 The trigone and the detrusor muscle are associated with the a kidney b urinary blad der c urethra d ureters 14 The vertical fissure on the medial surface of the kidney through which blood vessels en ter and exit is called the a renal medulla b major calyx c renal hilum d renal col umn 15 Blood is drained from the kidneys by the a renal arteries b interlobar arteries c interlobular veins d renal veins 16 The epithelium of the urinary bladder that permits distention is a stratified squamous b transitional c simple squamous d pseudostratified in ruil 17 How many times a day is the entire volume of blood in the body filtered by the kid neys a 100 times b 5 times c 30 times d 60 times PEOP 18 The average urine capacity of the urinary bladder is a 1000 to 1200 mL b 50 to 100 mL c 700 to 800 mL d 200 to 300 mL DATEN 19 The normal pH of urine is between a 4 6 and 8 0 b 2 0 and 4 8 c 10 0 and 12 0 d none of the above NIG 1106 at aguouli zeng evinarsd112 21 ding 20 Normal urine has a specific gravity of approximately a 1 001 to 1 035 b 1 030 to 1 080 c 1 100 to 1 200 d none of the above to fortobas o ann molt 21 The special chemical that may be used to detect glucose in the urine is a sulfosalicylic acid b Benedict s solution c Lugol s solution d nitric acidum Antunomale in an ad to stoned and all cjuequo e nspor hann taliomoly PART 2 Completion 22 In addition to the urinary system other systems that tegumentary and Coli bolla chaha unnylio 6 Pressly to flogeninit other systems that help eliminate wastes are the respiratory in systems muro d sarlin r 23 The double walled epithelial cup found in a nephron is called a n wifiquen the stoon 9 gamb 24 The special capillary network found inside of this double walled cup is the borulovnos lateib d aliaquo a estudol batovano BU 25 The major blood vessel that enters each kidney is the vallubsmalaus T antremolg on i nottiintado na 26 The nerve supply to the kidneys comes from the autonomic nervous system and is called the habents are vellet ad riguout anece oludui boutovimo lutelb arbeveel tard annu 27 Urine is expelled from the urinary bladder by an act called urination voiding or iliedy ed funicabdu wil to sammil tronothing siis of toration ambiad off to slubi 0 Irunorigorates d leonin goden n anstorbyd hedirasha 28 The small tube in the urinary system that leads from the floor of the urinary bladder to the outside is the 01

PART 1 Multiple Choice sorsupe bonite ei notodeib elimog ind oth Iro 001 of 02 c 2 3 eniny lame b 1 Beginning at the deepest layer and moving toward the superficial layer identify the or betyder of tissue layers surrounding the kidney a renal capsule renal fascia adipose cap sule b renal fascia adipose capsule renal capsule c adipose capsule renal capsule renal fascia d renal capsule adipose capsule renal fascia oilypitsand al bool ar ni p Im DOS The functional unit of the kidney is the a nephron b ureter c urethra d hilum Substances filtered by the kidney must pass through the filtration membrane which is composed of several parts Which of the following choices lists the correct order of the parts as substances pass through the membrane a epithelium of the visceral layer of 090 1 050 glomerular Bowman s capsule endothelium of the glomerulus basal lamina of the glomerulus b endothelium of the glomerulus basal lamina of the glomerulus epithe lium of the visceral layer of glomerular Bowman s capsule c basal lamina of the glomerulus endothelium of the glomerulus epithelium of the visceral layer of the glomerular Bowman s capsule d epithelium of the visceral layer of the glomerular Bowman s capsule basal lamina of the glomerulus endothelium of the glomerulus 4 In the glomerular Bowman s capsule the afferent arteriole divides into a capillary network called a n a glomerulus b interlobular artery c peritubular capillary d efferent arteriole ni vodenigen 5 aimila glad jedi Transport of urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder is the function of the a urethra b calculi c casts d ureters banquetnommige 6 The terminal portion of the urinary system is the a urethra b urinary bladder c ureter d nephron 7 Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the functioning of which parts of a juxtamedullary nephron a glomerular Bowman s capsule b distal convoluted tubule c collecting ducts d proximal convoluted tubules 8 An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the a renal artery b efferent arteriole c afferent arteriole d intralobular artery viqquesvi 9 Urine that leaves the distal convoluted tubule passes through the following structures in which sequence a collecting duct hilum calyces ureter b collecting duct calyces pelvis ureter c calyces collecting duct pelvis ureter d calyces hilum pelvis ureter 10 The position of the kidneys posterior to the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity 1 h ontoroperitoneal c ptosis

1 Draw the urinary system like the figure below with proper labeling of parts in your answer sheet Pick the name of the parts inside the box Kidney Urinary bladder Adrenal gland Inferior vena cava 9 Ureter Renal artery Liver 10 Renal pelvis Abdominal aorta Pancreas 4 Urethra Liver Renal vein

Macrophages in spleen liver and bone marrow Iron Liver Home Billverdin Biliverdin Bilirubin bound to albumin in bloodstream Bilirubin Amino acids Excreted in bile Biliverdin 90 10 Old and damaged RBCs Colon Iron Average life span of RBC is 120 days In the bloodstream the rupture of RBCs is called hemolysis RBC formation

Podocytes are best described as Ocells that make up the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule that form one part of the filtration membrane Ocells that help to contain the blood flowing through the glomelular capillaries ensuring that no component of the blood seeps into the urine cells responsible for reabsorbing any nutrients that diffuse out of the bloodstream through the filtration layer cells that wrap around the glomerulus to provide protection

An increase in ADH causes more water to be absorbed in the nephron loop urine volume to increase causes less water to be absorbed in the PCT more water to be reabsorbed in the DCT and the collecting

What is the renal threshold O The minumum amount of a substance that the kidneys can excrete The maximum amount of a substance in the plasma that the kidneys can reab O The total volume of urine produced by the kidney in one day The maximum amount of blood that they kidneys can filter in one day

What happens as a result of renin being released Select ALL answers that are correct urine becomes more dilute you become thirsty most blood vessels dilate more water is reabsorbed in the DCT and CD smooth muscle in the walls of the efferent arteriole constricts adrenal glands secrete aldosterone ADH release is inhibited the afferent arteriole constricts

Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex small intestines medulla small intestines cortex kidneys medulla kidneys and acts on the

Antidiuretic hormone O Increases increases Increases decreases O Decreases increases Decreases decreases urine output and body fluid volume

58 A charge nurse is conducting a staff in service about medications used during the care of a client who is experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal Which of the following medications should the charge nurse infiude in the discussion Select all that apply 1 33 Points Lorazepam Carbamzepine Naloxone Diazepam Save Tir