Biology Questions

Suppose you have solute molecules at a very high concentration at a specific location and the same type of solute molecules at a very low concentration in another area What does this describe Multiple Choice O O an energy gradient an electrical gradient a concentration gradient osmosis

Multiple Choice O O solute dissolved in another solute solute dissolved in a solvent solvent mixed with another solvent

In simple diffusion molecules move from an area of an area of concentration Multiple Choice O O O low equal low high equal low equal high high low concentration to

Check All That Apply density of media size of molecules concentration gradient membrane permeability

Use the given chapter titles below to organize what happens in the story in order Additionally provide a piece of information that helps to explain the title or what is learned from the narrator that will help you remember the major plot event from the chapter story Note This assignment is not simply about putting the titles in order Allie s Glove Packing Up and Leaving Pencey Ernie s Piano Bar Sunny Ackley and His Lousy Teeth The Edmont Hotel of Perverts Stradlater Gets Ready For His Date Life at the Museum

cm 0 RESET MY NOTES 3 4 ALA Lab Data Time min 10 20 30 Time min 0 10 0 20 0 30 Diffusion Spot Diameter 1 Crystal mm 13 16 16 Rate of Diffusion for 1 Crystal mm hr Diffusion Spot Diameter 3 Crystals mm 19 23 27 Rate of Diffusion for 3 Crystals mm hr How to Measure Diffusion Spot Diameter 6 Crystals mm 20 29 X 37 Rate of Diffusion for 6 Crystals mm hr Rate mm h diameter mm time min x 60 min 5 6 7 Diffusion Rate Complete the following T TOUC One orystur m tweezers Place three crystals using tweezers Place six crystals int using tweezers A tim once all three dishes crystals Timer will pause at 10 the ruler to measure t spot diameter for eac Record in Lab Data Timer will pause at 20 Measure the diffusion diameter for each dish Record in Lab Data Timer will pause at 30 Measure the diffusion diameter for each dish Record in Lab Data Calculate diffusion rate time dish entry Recorc

DIFFUSION EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION ON THE RATE OF DIFFUSION IN A SEMISOLID 012 13 4 5 6 METHODS ALab Data Time min 10 20 30 Time min 0 10 0 20 0 30 Diffusion Spot Diameter 1 Crystal mm 13 Rate of Diffusion for 1 Crystal mm hr Diffusion Spot Diameter 3 Crystals mm 19 Rate of Diffusion for 3 Crystals mm hr X Diffusion Spot Diameter 6 Crystals mm 20 Rate of Diffusion for 6 Crystals mm hr Rate mm h diameter mm time min x 60 min SUBMIT PHASE 2 Diffusion Rate Complete the following steps Place one crystal in left dish using tweezers Place three crystals into middle dish using tweezers Place six crystals into right dish using tweezers A timer will start once all three dishes contain crystals Timer will pause at 10

Check All That Apply scalpel blades used gloves plastic petri dishes with cultures glass slide and cover glass disinfectant soaked paper towels used to clean a microbial spill

Check All That Apply infectious microorganisms corrosive chemicals chemical fumes

Multiple Choice O O O O You are allowed to eat on the lab bench as long as you sterilize it with ethanol first You are not allowed to eat but you can drink beverages in the lab Food and beverages should never be consumed or brought into the lab It is alright to bring a beverage into the lab as long as it is kept closed

Check All That Apply open flames infectous agents corrosive chemicals sharps instruments laptop microscope

eriodic Table of the Elements 3 B com THE 111 11 Sg Bh Hs Mt Uun Uuu Uub Al 21 B P Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr AL 43 A 41 47 a N Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I CNOF Ne at Si P Si P S Cl Ar 1 Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho He 11 W W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fo Uuq Er Tm Yb W Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Xe Which of the following items in this dissection exercise are potentially dangerous to the student Select all of the correct statements A Beaker B Rat C Dissection tray D Scalpel Submit 30 GLOVES 1 2 3 4 PHASE 1 Rat dissection hazards Complete the following steps Zoom in on lab bench to view the items and identify potential dangers Zoom out when finished Look at student s shoes Return to overview when finished Select item student has that should not be brought into a lab Select the safety precautions that should be used for personal safety in this lab

4 For the greatest extinction event do some independent research and tell me a little more about it If you search for content by putting mass extinction and the period when the extinction occurred e g Devonian Permian Cretaceous or whatever the period is that you determine then you ll find some information

oughout the simulation you be asked questions about simulation If you answer correctly most questions will ow you to try again until you t the answer right esponses are not graded but ata on attempts will be vailable for instructors to ccess Submit the preselected ncorrect answer to continue his tutorial Catalase Why is the experiment performed at 37 C O Because 37 C is near typical human body temperature and this helps me understand how well this enzyme functions at the temperature it is normally found Because 37 C is more than 25 C and multiple values are needed for this experiment Submit 10 Barea 10 326741 COD REACTOR TEMP POWER OHEAT Start Ston provide a better view of the lab scene behind it if needed Try it for yourself 10 1 2 3 Complete the following steps Add 4 mL H O to test tube Zoom in on tube Measure volume of bubble column Record in Lab Data

1 On your chart identify by arrows or circles or other indications points where there appear to be major radiation and extinction events multiple classes involved

5 How many of the 20 taxa are still extant today

3 When was the greatest extinction event The second greate

2 When was the greatest radiation The second greatest

Per course policy on academic honesty reproduction or dissemination of this Use Table 2 to answer questions 5 through 8 You are a researcher evaluating the relationship of fingernail length to the microbial population underneath the nail after handwashing You have 12 volunteers 6 of which have short natural nails and 6 with longer artificial nails Both nail type groups are exposed to E coli JM109 and FCV The participants wash their hands using the same handwashing procedures and researchers determine the microbial population after handwashing The cumulative data is in the table below TABLE 2 Average counts of E coli JM109 log CFU per volunteer SD and FCV log TCID so per volunteer SD beneath fingernails before and after hand washing for all six hand washing procedures combined E coli JM109 Nail type Natural Artificial Before hand washing 6 17 0 59 A 6 57 0 47 B Before hand washing 3 06 0 47 A 3 69 0 52 B FCV After hand washing 4 11 0 47 A 4 81 0 85 B Average counts followed by different letters in the same column were significantly different P 0 05 Significant differences in E coli JM109 and FCV counts between the two nail types were determined by t test After hand washing 1 15 0 75 A 2 18 0 98 B Lin C M Wu F M Kim H K Doyle M P Michaels B S amp Williams L K 2003 A comparison of hand washing techniques to remove Escherichia coli and caliciviruses under natural or artificial fingernails Journal of Food Protection 66 5 Write a hypothesis that would have been supported because of this study 1 pt 8 Based on the table what can you conclude 1 pt 6 What are the independent and dependent variables What is the control group Why are control groups important 4 pts 7 What is one constant variable mentioned in the paragraph describing the study 1 pt

ALL directions to earn full credit for this lab This assignment is Criteria To earn full credit you must answer in complete sentences and submit the completed assignment to your Instructor before leaving lab today Please note that you must write legibly to earn full credit If your Instructors cannot read your answers they cannot grade them Use Figure 1 to answer questions 1 through 4 Average number of nests per male 2 0 The Effect of Red Wing Black Bird Tails on Nests Built Shortened Control Elongated 1 What type of graph is shown in Figure 1 1 pt 2 What can you conclude from Figure 1 1 pt 3 What does this data suggest 1 pt

Per course policy on academic honesty reproduction or dissem Use Figure 2 and the supplemental background information below to answer questions 9 through 13 North America WNS is caused by a fungus known as Pseudogymnoascus destructans formerly Geomyces In 2006 an infectious disease called white nose syndrome WNS began wiping out bat populations in destructans Although the fungus does not harm bat populations in Europe where it is thought to have originated it kills about 73 of the bats it infects in North America In North America the fungus grows on the skin of hibernating bats This skin infection often makes the bats wake up from hibernation too early leading them to use too much energy during the winter and eventually starve to death By killing large numbers of North American bats many of which eat insect pests WNS may devastate ecosystems and increase pest control costs A Cumulative probability of extinction 1 0 0 8 0 6 0 4 0 2 Scientists investigated how WNS may impact one major North American bat population the little brown bat Myotis lucifugus population in the northeastern United States The scientists created a mathematical model based on the population s observed survival and breeding rates with and without WNS Mathematical models are equations or algorithms that show relationships between various factors They can be utilized in population analysis to predict possible outcomes between the factors In this case it can predict possible relationships between WNS and bat populations They used this model to project the probability that the population will go extinct within 100 years The scientists also considered the possibility that the population of bats could eventually evolve resistance to WNS which would slow the population s decline To account for different levels of resistance the scientists ran the model under five different annual rates of population decline 45 20 10 5 and 2 9 Describe the type of graph used in Figure 2 1 pt 0 0 20 40 10 What information is displayed on the x axis What unit s are used 2 pts 60 Years into future Fig 2 Estimated cumulative probabilities of extinction for the little brow bat population in the northeastern United States These probabilities we projected for five annual rates of population decline 45 20 10 5 2 under an infectious disease called white nose syndrome WNS Eac projection was simulated for up to 100 years after the disease emerged i the population 80 11 What information is displayed on the y axis What unit s are used 2 pts 45 20 10 5 2 100

Per course policy on academic honesty reproduction or diss ing 12 Which rate of decline due to disease would most likely cause the population to go extinct the faste this rate how many years would it take for the population to become almost entirely extinct 2 pts 13 Which rates of decline have greater than a probability of 0 9 of extinction within 20 to 65 years What does this suggest 3 pts

Make the following solution 75mL 10X TBE 9M Tris Base 889M Boric acid 20mM EDTA You are Given Solid Tris 121 g mol and Boric Acid 61 8g mol You are given 5M EDTA

Limestone Z Shale Q Shale S Sandstone B description of event Limestone deposition of shale Q deposition of sandstone B relative dating principle superposition superposition Surfa of Ea Shal

1 Imagine that the figures on the next pages are cliff faces showing a cross section of a series of rock formations Compile a list of the sequence of geologic events starting with the oldest and justify your placement of the event by one of the relative dating principles Include in the table a description of eac event e g deposition of a sedimentary layer and relative dating principle used to place the event in your sequence e g superposition because it lies below all the others Erosional surfaces unconformities are represented by undulating lines Remember from lecture that unconformities represent a hiatus in time I have started you off by listing the first few events in each problem 1 2 3 4 5 6 Shale Sandstone Quartz vein A Conglomerate description of event A Surface of Earth Granite B relative dating principle formation of granite from magma superposition quartz vein cross cutting erosion uniformitarianism B II

Compare and contrast the two key viral evolution theories Do you think they are mutually exclusive Explain your reasoning Rubrics

What is the significance of the Baltimore classification How might we be able to use this type of classification to learn more about viruses or ways to target them for treatments Rubrics

Here is an example JIGSAW slide We do not have a Group 1 so this is the Group assignment for Article 1 Reduced Permeability Darby E M Trampari E Siasat P et al Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance revisited Nat Rev Microbiol 21 280 295 2023 GRAM NEGATIVE GRAM POSITIVE Purpose The purpose of this section was to discuss the bacterial adaptations to prevent antibiotics from crossing the cell membrane This section discusses Gram positive and negative mechanisms for reducing membrane permeability Concept Antibiotics usage has reduced cell permeability bacteria have evolved ways to prevent antibiotics from entering the cell The antibiotics cannot pass the cellular membranes of both Gram positive and negative cells which is a pathogenic tactic for resisting antibiotics Examples In some Gram negative species Enterobacterales E coli K pneumoniae porin channels have been modified to prevent larger molecules antibiotics from entering the cell P aeruginosa and A baumannii produce only small porins making their outer membranes highly impermeable Some pathogenic Gram positive bacteria have changed the composition of the cytoplasmic membrane which reduces permeability of the antibiotics

3 NP VP35 VP40 GP sGP VP30 VP24 5 Since it is the most 3 gene in the Ebola virus genome NP is transcribed first and in the largest quantity This is important because in addition to serving as a template for mRNA transcription the ribonucleocapsid which primarily consists of NP surrounding the RNA genome also serves as the template for positive strand antigenome production and the subsequent production of additional negative strand RNA genomes Both of these processes are mediated by the Ebola RNA dependent RNA polymerase L and the resulting RNAs are quickly encapsidated by newly formed NP and VP30 to form new ribonucleocapsids stions Which genes within the Ebola virus genome encode proteins that are structural and which gene encodes a n structural protein If the Ebola virus genome was rearranged as shown below what would be the outcomes relative to protein production and virus particle assembly Figure 7 Hypothetical Rearrangement of Ebola Virus Genome

is the significance of the Baltimore classification How might we be able to use this type of classification to learn more about viruses or ways to target them for treatments

What do the colors on the chromosome in the figure represent Anterior 3 end Mouse chromosomes lab pb Hox A Hox B Hox C Hox D Fly chromosome Dfd Scr Antp Ubx O Fruit fly embryo Fruit fly Mouse embryo Mouse Abd B 15 Posterior end The number of chromosomes each example has Homologies shared between the insect and the mammal Morphogenesis Where the gene is expressed in the body

Choose which of the following apply to complexity and body size by using the figure below Present 100 200 Origin of earth 300 400 600 Million 800 years ago 17 Billion years ago 3 4 First eukaryote to cre Bacteria 1 10 100 um um um Cyanobacteria Living Amphibian Fish Eurypterid p Dinosaur Trilobite 1 10 100 mm mm mm Length Whale 1 10 100 m m m Many of these larger animals have different internal transport systems in order to survive in comparison to smaller animals Most complex grades of animal organization can promote evolution of large body size A large animal has more surface area relative to its volume than a small animal of the same shape

AOTD Why is the yolk sac adaptation not only crucial for growth but also for the specific development of certain organs in fish larvae It controls reproductive functions It regulates body temperature It enhances muscular strength It facilitates neurogenesis

How do divergent boundaries curve A B C D E easy left or right By joining convergent boundaries By joining transform boundaries Very slowly By getting bigger on one side

Which of the following is solid A Crust B Asthenosphere C Mantle D Inner Core E All of them Crust Asthenosphere Mantle Inner Core All of them

It s amazing how much money you can save by buying ground beef in bulk James observed He and Albert were driving home after their Saturday morning shopping trip True said Albert but I m not sure we have enough space in the freezer to store it all That s not necessary said James We don t have to freeze it We can just keep it in the fridge As long as we set the temperature control low enough the meat will be fine No it won t replied Albert we must divide it up into smaller servings and freeze everything we don t use today Never mind said James I ll take care of it Once they got home James spent some time reorganizing the freezer so that the 5 pound package of ground beef fit Over the next few weeks they would thaw it out in the refrigerator overnight take what they needed for the day and then put the rest back in the freezer One evening both James and Albert developed stomach cramps and diarrhea You see moaned Albert I told you that we should have divided the beef up so that each portion was only thawed out once Nonsense said James doubled over with cramps it couldn t have been the beef Freezing kills all the microbes that cause disease I learned in class that most microbes that cause disease in people are mesophiles and they grow best at body temperature This must be something else 1 Can microbes survive freezing 2 Does thawing meat in the fridge provide enough protection from potential pathogens 3 What would have been a better approach to prevent the roommates discomfort

COLL 232 94 352 CW 04 10 Intro to climate 28 159 8 key J in wropanen 8 100 Ay

Tollowing is FALSE A If a genetic disease reduces fertility and the allele that causes the disease offers no other advantage the allele will likely eventually disappear due to natural selection B Natural selection does not favor individuals who are homozygous for the sickle cell allele because these individuals typically die before they are old enough to reproduce OC Individuals who are heterozygous HbA HbS are protected from malaria and this is why sickle cell disease persists in wetter mosquito prone regions in Africa OD In regions where malaria does not occur individuals who are heterozygous HbA HbS have a fitness advantage over those who are homozygous for the normal hemoglobin allele H Reset Selection Question 2 of 8 1 Points FTER malaria is cured the frequency of the HbS allele should decrease in regions with lots of mosquitoes because A People will no longer die from sickle cell disease in these regions OB Having one copy of the HbS allele will no longer be advantageous in these regions OC Natural selection will no longer act on the HbS allele at all in these regions otic diseases eventually disappear

For Questions 6 8 draw a plot of p frequency of A against time for the scenario that is described in each question Then describe what you drew by filling in the blanks In each scenario assume that p is initially 0 9 and that no evolutionary forces are acting that are not described in the scenario e g assume population size is infinitely large and that there are no new mutations Indicate the direction of change in p using the words increase decrease or remain the same Indicate the equilibrium value of p as 0 1 or intermediate between 0 and 1 Question 6 If Mendelian Inheritance is operating in the absence of evolutionary forces Direction of change p will At equilibrium p will be Question 7 of 8 Selection at the hemoglobin sickle cell anemia locus in a region in Africa where malaria infection is common Here p is the frequency of the normal not sickled allele Direction of change p will At equilibrium p will be Question 8 of 8 1 Points Direction of change p will 1 Points Selection at the hemoglobin sickle cell anemia locus in a region in the United States where malaria infection is nonexistent Here p is the frequency of the normal not sickled allele

Use the following passage to answer the next three questions It has been hypothesized that people who are heterozygous for the allele that causes the deadly genetic condition cystic fibrosis which among other symptoms reduces fertility are more resistant to the deadly disease tuberculosis If the cystic fibrosis allele protects against tuberculosis the same way the sickle cell allele protects against malaria then which of the following should be true of a comparison between regions with and without tuberculosis O A Cystic fibrosis deaths should be more common in regions with tuberculosis OB Cystic fibrosis deaths should be less common in regions with tuberculosis OC Cystic fibrosis deaths should be equally common in both types of regions D Regional differences in the cystic fibrosis death rate should be purely random and unpredictable Reset Selection Question 5 of 8 1 Points A person who is heterozygous for the cystic fibrosis allele moves to a small isolated community where no one previously carried the allele If the cystic fibrosis allele protects against tuberculosis the same way the sickl allele protects against malaria what should happen to the frequency of the cystic fibrosis allele in the community over time and why A The cystic fibrosis allele should disappear from the population because a single individual with the allele is not enough for it to proliferate B The cystic fibrosis allele should increase to a relatively high frequency because heterozygotes with the allele will be more likely to survive than others C The cystic fibrosis allele should become fixed in the population due to genetic drift OD The cystic fibrosis allele should either disappear or increase in frequency depending on chance as well as on tuberculosis prevalence and death rate

Someone has handed you the following graph of changes in the frequency of one allele in a population over time Based on the graph and without any other information which of the following is most likely true Allele Frequency 1 0 0 75 0 50 0 25 0 0 0 00 10 20 Time generation OA The allele does not offer any fitness advantage and the population is small B The allele does not offer any fitness advantage and the population is large C The allele offers a selective advantage and the population is small OD The allele was introduced at a very low frequency and the population is large Reset Selection 30

Excuse making Performance anxiety Unfamiliarity with what constitutes cheating Peer pressure Self justification habite X Blaming the reason for cheating on the course in structor being too hard Cheating to compensate for poor test taking skills Genuinely misunderstand ing a course policy requir ing individual work Cheating to compensate for poor test taking skills Cor rect An swer individually Friends pressuring a student to share their assignment when they are expected to complete it Engaging in self talk to

Which of the following are consequences of cheating X Students who cheat will be unprepared for their future careers Missed Option Incorrect Its unlikely cheating will have many practical or social consequences besides lower grades X Instructors are unable to accurately asses student performance or evaluate their mastery of knowledge in their field Missed Option Incorrect Cheating can become a habit that continues into other aspects of life and devalues hard work integrity and fairness

Immediate expulsion from the school Oral reprimand A failing grade in the course 1 point What is a possible disciplinary sanction for academic integrity violations You will have to re do an assignment You ll write an apology note You will have to let every professor know you have cheated before You could be suspended or expelled from CSUB or the CSU system 1 point When is it ok to not cite another person s written work When its your friend and they said you can use their old paper If you replace specific words with synonyms you found on your own Never If you are using another person s ideas or words you must cite your source When you accidentally forget where the information came from D Review the table and watch the video at the bottom of this page to get a better understanding of what plagiarism looks like Hearing about plagiarism often fills us with fear or negative emotions but having a clear understanding of what it is can build awareness and prevent issues in your own writing that you may not be aware of yet What constitutes plagiarism Common Errors that Constitute Plagiarism Word for word plagiarism Improper paraphrasing Forgetting to cits sources Incorrect citations Video Plagiarism Unintentional plagiarism is still plagiarism Specific examples Submitting another student s poper or segune off the interne Copying material from sever writers anging with cubo Incorporating a writer s words without tation mocks or chation Falling to cita Changing the words of an ONE AMESE SAR VARD Access Login

sm in the Academic Integrity Module t ct each type of plagiarism ng large sections of someone work Oper paraphrasing etting to cite sources plagiarism nt rism is only ok if it was unintentional Incorporating a writer s words or ideas without quotation marks and or citation Changing the words of an original source but using the ideas without citing Re using a paper you submitted in another class without making significant changes Copy paste plagiarism clear understanding of what it is can build awareness and prevent issues in your own writing that you may not be aware of yet What constitutes plagiarism Common Errors that Constitute Plagiarism Word for word plagiarism Improper paraphrasing Forgetting to cits sources Incorrect citations Video Plagiarism Unintentional plagiarism is still plagiarism Specific examples Submitting another student s paper or buying one off the Internet Copying material from several writers reaminging with chation Incorporating a writer s words without quotation marks or otation Foing to cit

3 Which expression has a product that is less than the first factor Select all that apply A 42 X B 35 X C 78 x D 26 X 21 12 2 15 45 4 Which expression product that is greater than the second factor Select all that apply A 23 12 2 1 0 x75 B 33 3 2 C 26 X D 10 5

2 3 4 5 6 Background Research Divide Paper by Topics Outlining Note taking Annotated bibliographies Starting point zing information for Academic Writing A In this tutorial you will learn how to synthesize information for academic writing in a variety of different disciplines that you may come across within your coursework at CSUB Click here to view tutorial in new tab best for mobile users Access Login Access is restricted to CSUB students currently enrolled faculty and staff Enter your NetID Password then click the Login button myCSUB NetID Password Login Clear Lookun NetID Reset Change Password DO NOT INCLUDE csub edu

oup prior to an exam attempting to gain academic credit in an unfair deceitful or fraudulent way Unauthorized use of information materials and sources when completing academic activities 1 point Match the factors for cheating with an appropriate example Excuse making Performance anxiety Unfamiliarity with what constitutes cheating Peer pressure Self justification habits Inability to manage demands of student life D Cheating because social and a v 21 1 Cheating is a broad term that encompasses many different ways that a student might attempt to gain academic credit in a way that is unfair deceitful or fraudulent Every semester at CSUB the Dean of Students receives reports from professors who have caught students attempting to cheat in one form or another Both professors and students are responsible for upholding the reputation of the university Cheating is often purposeful in nature but an unawareness of course or university policies and assignment requirements could also create confusion about what is and is not allowed Regardless of intention cheating can never be justified especially once you have learned the ways that it can negatively impact your college career and life outside the university Stay on the right path Know course policies on assignments collaboration exams Check the Syllabus If ethical dilemmas arise seek advice from trusted faculty or staff on campus on how you should deal with it Protect yourself It is your responsibility to clarify when collaboration is allowed and when it is not Different cultures and educational systems can vary in how information is used and credited Reach out to your instructors early to avoid misunderstandings

2 1 point Match the factors for cheating with an appropriate exampl Cheating because social and academic lives have become too disorganized or stressful to manage Excuse making Performance anxiety Unfamiliarity with what constitutes cheating Peer pressure Self justification habits Inability to manage demands of student life False Blaming the reason for cheating on the course instructor being too hard Genuinely misunderstanding a course policy requiring individual work Cheating to compensate for poor test taking skills 1 point Cheating is justified if the professor has unfair or difficult questions on an exam True Cheating because social and a D Cheating is a broad term that encompasses many different ways that a student might attempt to gain academic credit in a way that is unfair deceitful or fraudulent Every semester at CSUB the Dean of Students receives reports from professors who have caught students attempting to cheat in one form or another Both professors and students are responsible for upholding the reputation of the university Cheating is often purposeful in nature but an unawareness of course or university policies and assignment requirements could also create confusion about what is and is not allowed Regardless of intention cheating can never be justified especially once you have learned the ways that it can negatively impact your college career and life outside the university Stay on the right path Know course policies on assignments collaboration exams Check the Syllabus If ethical dilemmas arise seek advice from trusted faculty or staff on campus on how you should deal with it Protect yourself It is your responsibility to clarify when collaboration is allowed and when it is not Different cultures and educational system can vary in how information is used and credited Reach out to your instructors early to avoid misunderstandings

Fifty percent of the offspring produced by a cross between pea plants have seeds with a wrinkled r appearance caused by the presence of a homozygous recessive gene What were the genotypes of the parents OA Rrx Rr OB RR x Rr OC RR x rr OD Rr x rr