Biology Questions

Once a cell goes through the process of determination what happens next as the cells develop in the embryo

Briefly explain how cell differentiation and cell death are both needed to develop such structures as human hands and feet

A cell has undergone determination to become an endocrine gland cell If it is transplanted to a leg muscle what do you think will happen to this cell

Which organs in your body can in your body can you live without

What type of muscle tissue is found only in the heart

Name an organ that is composed primarily of epithelial tissue

Name an organ that is composed primarily of nervous tissue

Define apoptosis

Please write a short summary from a per citation about the bomby night frog and send me the per review citation

Please write a short summary from a per citation about the bomby night frog and send me the per review citation

Which of the following would NOT be considered an emerging infectious disease a Multidrug resistant Tuberculosis MDR TB b Zika Virus c Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV d H1N1 Influenza Swine Flu

REFLEXES HELP YOU STAY ALIVE Reflexes control important body organs Figure B Reflexes control your heartbeat Figure C Reflexes control you 1 What happens to your heartbeat if you are excited 2 What happens to your heartbeat if you are asleep

WORD SCRAMBLE Below are several scrambled words you your answers in the spaces provided 1 PONSESER 2 XERFEL 3 NAIP 4 NORBNI 5 SULUMITS

Suspect Evidence to prove quilt include Father is veterinarian access to Ketamine Rachel Lonna Gretl Jackie Veterinarian assistant access to Ketamine Payton Emma Petite could wear size 6 shoe Roommate of Emma jealousy Roommate of Payton jealousy Petite could wear size 6 shoe Evidence to prove innocence exclude Never wears lipstick lipstick on glass Over 6 feet tall not size 6 shoe Severely allergic to cats Chase owned cat Hates shellfish ate shrimp scampi Non smoker cigarette in ashtray Plate class 8pm Never wears lipstick lipstick on glass Allergic to grapes would not drink wine

Belinda called Kyle running to catch up to her Belinda turned around and waited for him Are you heading to the lab right now asked Kyle Yes she said I want to look over the Gram stain protocol one more time before we go in Yeah good idea I ve been trying to memorize the steps But it s hard Belinda and Kyle spent the twenty minutes remaining before the start of lab going over Chapters 3 and 4 of their textbook which listed the steps of the Gram stain and how the staining results relate to the structure of the bacterial cell wall Kyle and Belinda took a sample of the bacteria provided by their instructor and each performed the Gram stain They focused on their slides with the oil immersion lens Got it they said almost simultaneously grinning proudly So what do you have asked Belinda I have Gram positive bacilli announced Kyle with an air of triumph Huh I have Gram negative bacilli That s not right we used the same sample Let me see yours Kyle peered through Belinda s microscope Your bacteria look like they have the same shape as mine but the color is different Mine are obviously purple but yours look much lighter They are definitely pink Maybe you did something wrong Why me You could have done something wrong Kyle looked up from Belinda s microscope Fair enough Kyle continued I prepared a bacterial smear like we learned last week then I added safranin then Gram s iodine then decolorizer then I added crystal violet You switched up the crystal violet and the safranin said Belinda I did Let me see that protocol again Hmm I guess you re right Let me try it again 1 Explain how the difference in the structure of the cell wall results in the different colors after performing the Gram stain 2 Why did Kyle s Gram stain give the wrong result 3 Are there any other mistakes that can result in gram negative bacteria staining purple Which

One of the following fixatives is well known to penetrate the tissue quickly O a O b Alcohol O C Acetone O d Orth fixative 10 Formalin

One of the following fixatives is used for enzyme fixation O a Formalin O b Picric acid O c Mercuric chloride d Acetone

Steriocelia is found in a O b Inner ear O c O d All answers are correct Epididymis Ductus deferens

Read the article about an Irish poet and painter Decide whether statements 48 53 are A true or you should also write the letter a e of the paragraph that supports your answer a Christy Brown an Irish artist and writer lived an exceptional life that left a lasting mark on society He was born with cerebral palsy a severe condition that challenged him with not being able to control his body movements As a child Brown was believed to be destined for a life of exclusion and loneliness yet his story is one of not giving up and overcoming disadvantage b He was born in 1932 in Dublin into a large working class family of 22 children The family was poor but Brown always received help and encouragement from his siblings especially from his mother and his younger sister who refused to leave him to a life of exclusion Despite originally showing no signs of body coordination at the age of five Christy found that he could control his left foot surprising everyone around him With patience and effort he learned to write and paint using only his left foot Later he also developed the skill of typing using only one toe c At the age of 22 he published his first book My Left Foot It gave a touching look into his struggles and successes but also let readers understand deeply how someone can face challenges and still rise above them Brown s honesty brought attention to the difficulties that people with disabilities Tu go through and started conversations about including and understanding them d Brown s creativity knew no limits showing that artistic brilliance can come from unexpected places He became a well known artist and continued writing publishing novels and collections of stories and poetry His works not only showed his personal experiences but also gave a general message of not giving up inspiring people all around the world He was also skilled in playing various musical instruments e In 1972 he married Mary Carr They had two children together and their relationship was depicted in the 1989 film My Left Foot Christy Brown passed away from pneumonia in 1981 at the age of 49 His life and work helped increase public knowledge about the challenges faced by people with disabilities and keep inspiring 48 49 50 51 Daniel Day Lewis as Christy Brown in the 1989 film adaptation of My Left Foot 53 people dealing with hard times showing that with courage and creativity we all can go beyond what we often think are impossible challenges Later in life Brown became the father of two A true 8 false Which paragraph a e supports your answer Brown mastered several music instruments A true B false Which paragraph a e supports your answer His work focused on his experiences as a physically disadvantaged artist A true B false Which paragraph a e supports your answer Brown discovered his physical abilities thanks to his younger sister A true B false Which paragraph a e supports your answer 52 In his first title Brown openly shared his life with a disability with the public A true B false Which paragraph a e supports your answer As a baby Brown was challenged with not being able to moun at all

7 The primary components in the ecological systems approach include OA the the ecological system microsystem and macrosystem OB the microsystem exosystem and macrosystem O C the ecologicial system and macrosystem O D the microsystem ecosystem and macrosystem

2 3 2 Test CST Genes and Traits Question 17 01 23 Which type of molecule is shown in the model COOH H N C H CH 2 A Carbohydrate B mRNA C Amino acid D Polypeptide

REVIEW 1 Briefly summarize Lamarck s concept of the evolutionary process What is wrong with this concept 2 What is uniformitarianism How did it influence Darwin s evolutionary theory ties such as geographical range and amount of gene flow among populations can cause some lineages to be more prone than others to extinction or to speciation Episodic mass extinctions such as the End Cretaceous extinction associated with an asteroid impact may select for characteristics different from ones that prospered between extinction peaks This is catastrophic species selection and may reset evolution as occurred when mammals survived the End Cretaceous mass extinction but dinosaur lineages did not 3 Why was the Beagle s journey so important to Darwin s thinking 4 What was the key idea contained in Malthus s essay on populations that was to help Darwin formulate his theory of natural selection QUESTIONS 5 Explain how each of the following contribute s to Darwin s evolutionary theory fossils geographic distributions of closely related animals homology animal classification 6 How do modern evolutionists view the relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny Explain how the observation of paedomorphosis conflicts with Haeckel s biogenetic law 7 What are the important differences between the vicariant and founder event modes of allopatric speciation 8 What are reproductive barriers How do premating and postmating barriers differ 9 Under what conditions is sympatric speciation proposed Population 1 II 10 What is the main evolutionary lesson provided by Darwin s finches on the Gal pagos Islands 11 How is the observation of sporting mutations in animal breeding used to challenge Darwin s theory of gradualism Why did Darwin reject such mutations as having little evolutionary importance 12 What does the theory of punctuated equilibrium state about the occurrence of speciation throughout geological time What observation led to this theory 13 Describe the observations and inferences that compose Darwin s theory of natural selection 14 Identify the random and nonrandom components of Darwin s theory of natural selection 15 Describe some recurring criticisms of Darwin s theory of natural selection How can these criticisms be refuted 16 Using the data shown in Figure 6 32 calculate the frequencies of the alleles in the top set of bands and in the lower set of bands 17 Assume that you are sampling a trait in animal populations the trait is controlled by a single allelic pair A and a and you can distinguish all three phenotypes AA Aa and aa intermediate inheritance Your sample includes AA 300 400 Aa 500 400 aa 200 200 Total 1000 1000 Calculate the distribution of phenotypes in each population as expected under Hardy Weinberg equilibrium Is population I in equilibrium Is population II in equilibrium 18 If after studying a population for a trait determined by a single pair of alleles you find that the population is not in equilibrium what possible reasons might explain the lack of equilibrium 19 Explain why genetic drift is more powerful in small populations 20 Describe how the effects of genetic drift and natural selection can interact in a subdivided species 21 Is it easier for selection to remove a deleterious recessive allele from a randomly mating population or from a highly inbred population Why 22 Distinguish between microevolution and macroevolution and describe some evolutionary processes evident only at the macroevolutionary level For Further Thought Explain why the evidence supporting Darwin s theory of common descent does not depend on the validity of specific

The Hardy Weinberg law is a logical consequence of Mendel s first law of segregation af expresses the tendency toward equilibrium inherent in Mendelian heredity Let us select for our example a population having a single locus bearing just two alleles T and r The phenotypic expression of this gene might be for example the ability to taste a chemical compound called phenylthiocarba mide Individuals in the population will be of three genotypes for this locus T T T t both tasters and t t nontasters In a sample of 100 individuals let us suppose that we have 20 of T T genotype 40 of T t genotype and 40 of t t genotype We could then make a table showing the allelic frequencies remember that every individual has two copies of the gene Genotype T T T t 1 1 Total Number of Individuals 20 40 40 100 Sperm T 0 4 1 0 6 Copies of the T Allele 40 40 0 80 Of the 200 copies the proportion of the T allele is 80 200 0 4 40 and the proportion of the rallele is 120 200 0 6 60 It is customary to use p and q to represent the two allelic frequencies The genetically dominant allele is represented by p and the genetically recessive by q Thus T 0 4 TIT 0 16 Tlt 0 24 p frequency of 7 0 4 q frequency of 1 0 6 Therefore p q 1 Copies of the t Allele 0 40 80 120 Having calculated allelic frequencies in the sample let us determine whether these frequencies will change spontaneously in a new genera tion of the population Assuming that mating is random gametes are sampled independently in pairs each individual contributes an equal number of gametes to the common pool from which the next genera tion is formed Frequencies of gametes in the pool then equal the al lelic frequencies in the sample 40 of the gametes are T and 60 are r ratio of 0 4 0 6 Both ova and sperm of course show the same frequen cies The next generation is formed hic05193 cho vg3 136 indd 129 1 0 6 Tlt 0 24 tt 0 36 contain copies of the allele The term inclusive fitness pertains to cases where the average effect of an allele on its own propagation in the gene pool would be calculated incorrectly if its effects on sur vival of its possessors relatives were ignored For example natural selection might favor an allele for a behavior through which an indi vidual dies in saving the lives of many relatives Some traits and combinations of traits are advantageous for Collecting genotypes we have frequency of T T 0 16 frequency of T t 0 48 frequency of t t 0 36 Next we determine the values of p and q from the randomly mated pop ulations From the table above we see that the frequency of T is the sum of genotypes T T which is 0 16 and one half of the genotype T t which is 0 24 T p 0 16 5 0 48 0 4 Similarly the frequency of t is the sum of genotypes 1 t which is 0 36 and one half the genotype T t which is 0 24 t q 0 36 5 0 48 0 6 The new generation bears exactly the same allelic frequencies as the parent population Note that there has been no increase in the frequency of the genetically dominant allele T Thus in a freely interbreeding sexually reproducing population the frequency of each allele would re main constant generation after generation in the absence of natural se lection migration recurring mutation and genetic drift see text A mathematically minded reader should recognize that the genotype fre quencies T T T t and t t are actually a binomial expansion of p q p q p 2pq q 1 Note that the equilibrium calculations give expected frequencies which are unlikely to be realized exactly in a population of finite size For this reason finite population size is a cause of evolutionary change Most genes have more than just a single pair of alleles especially when we measure genetic variation at the DNA sequence level The bi nomial expansion shown above can be used for any number of alleles Suppose that we have three alleles T T T whose frequencies are denoted p q and r respectively We now have six possible genotypes with the following Hardy Weinberg equilibrium frequencies O TT TT TT TT TT TT p q r p 2pg q 2 pr 2gr As the number of alleles at a gene increases the proportion of the popu lation having heterozygous genotypes also increases disadvantageous for others Darwin used the term sexual selection to denote the selection of traits that are advantageous for obtaining mates but not for survival Bright colors and elaborate feathers can enhance a male bird s competitive ability in obtaining mates while simultaneously increasing his visibility to predators see Figure 6 31 Environmental changes such as extinction of a predator population can alter the selective values of alternative traits The action of selec

All lies are morally impermissible It would be a lie to tell this patient that they have a good chance of recovery when you know they don t So it would be morally impermissible for you to tell this patient they have a good chance of recovery Which of the following correctly describes this argument O Ad hominem O Prima facie Valid Invalid

Which of the following best scribes All dogs speak fluent Norwegian Mr Fluffington is a dog Therefore Mr Fluffington speaks fluent Norwegian Note Mr Fluffington is pictured below Invalid and unsound O Valid but unsound O Valid and sound

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of algae O unicellular O O motility photosynthesis presence of a cell wall

How do people contract Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning PSP O inhaling mist from water that contains algae that makes the neurotoxin drinking water from contaminated rivers O consuming mollusks that have fed on algae that make a neurotoxin O consuming fungi that make a neurotoxin

Which body system of a helminth is typically more complex O digestive O motility O reproduction O nervous

Fungi that can grow as a yeast or a mold are called eukaryotic O dimorphic O parasitic O budding

Which of the following is are the infective stage for helminths O larvae O adult helminths eggs O both eggs and larvae can be infective

The filaments that make up the thallus of a mold are the Omycorrhizae O yeast Ohyphae O conidium

What is a mycosis O spore forming unit of a mold O fungal infection O bacterial infection O body of a mold

What is the function of a protozoal cyst O it helps the protozoa move O it produces spores O it protects the organism when food moisture or oxygen are lacking O it serves as an energy source

Which of the following is host for Plasmodium sp O domestic cat O cattle O crayfish O Anopheles mosquito

What disease is caused by Plasmodium Oparalytic shellfish poisoning O toxoplasmosis O malaria Odysentery

The feeding and growth phase of a protozoal life cycle is called the Otrophozoite O cyst O endospore thallus

Cross together two double heterozygous parents for plant height and flower color genotypes TtWw for both parents T tall t short W white w blue What is the probability that a randomly selected offspring will be short and have blue flowers O9 16 O 1 4 O 3 16 1 16

You flip a coin 5 times and 3 of those are tails Using the binomial probability distribution formula determine the probability of getting tails 3 of the 5 times Reminder You may use a calculator for recitation quizzes P X 0 50 0 3125 0 125 01 n X n X px qn x

When should the following probability rules be used Multiplicative Product Rule Additive Sum Rule Choose Used with independent events Used with mutually exclusive events Used with both independent and mutually exclusive e

Which resource allows the searcher to limit the results to scholarly journal articles only Google Scholar Google

Claim Does the claim address the question Is the claim a complete sentence so that it can stand alone without needing the question Is the claim relevant to the question Is the claim accurate Not At Partially All Yes

Examine the figure True or False Snakes are tetrapods Hint tetra four pod foot Lizards Snakes Birds Reptiles Tetrapods True False Mammals Cow Humans Primates

Match the term with the correct definition Genotype Phenotype Homozygous genotype Heterozygous genotype Dominant phenotype Recessive phenotype Testcross Choose two sets of chromosomes two different alleles make up the genotype Crossing of a pure breeding recessive with an unknown genotype phenotype observed in a heterozygous organism that is identical to the phenotype observed in a homozyg two alleles carried by an organism that are identical observable traits of an organism genetic constitution of an organism phenotype observed in an organism that is homozygous for the recessive allele Choose Choose Choose Choose

True or False A phenotype can be represented by more than one genotype False O True

Use this information to answer questions 3 7 In the mystical Unicorn Dragon plant the red allele R is dominant to the blue allele r A plant that is homozygous recessive will be blue In the parental generation a pure breeding red plant was crossed with a pure breeding blue plant r r R P1 cross R

If I make an error in my lab notebook I should draw a single line through the error and initial next to it erase it None of the other answer choices is correct just move to a new page and start over

Listen Overall what does the tree of life visually show The mutually beneficial relationships between members of different species The time it takes for evolutionary changes to occur The relationships and connections between different organisms The relationships between members of the same species

Where are the trash cans located for non hazardous waste disposal Right outside the door of your classroom Just use the biohazard bins They are the same as the broken glass containers The floor

Listen Violations of the academic dishonesty policy will automatically result in a grade of 0 for the assignment True False

Based on the tree below identify the false statement Salamander Lizard Goat C The lineage leading to salamanders was the first to diverge from the other lineages Salamanders are a sister group to the group containing lizards goats and humans Human Lizards are more closely related to salamanders than lizards are to humans Salamanders are as closely related to goats as they are to humans The group highlighted by shading is paraphyletic