Biology Questions

Briefly explain MALDI TOF ESI Mass Spectrometer and MudPIT Explain Yeast two hybrid system What is the disadvantage of Yeast two hybrid system in comparison to Protein arrays What is fusion protein protein tag What is it used for

Explain difference between Yep Yip and YAC Compare and contrast all the expression systems bacteria yeast insect cells and mammalian cells If you want to choose one system what will it be and why

Explain how these can affect the production of recombinant protein in the model host organisms and how to solve the problems a Copy number of plasmids b Codon usage c Instability of protein of interest d Isolation of proteins in cytoplasm periplasm or outside the cells e Inclusion body and protein folding

Which of the following statements about the lipoproteins given in the introduction are true Check all that apply View Available Hint s HDL has a high lipid to protein ratio Lipoprotein densities vary because lipoproteins have different lipid to protein ratios O Lipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins OHDL is termed bad cholesterol because it can deposit excess cholesterol in the arteries Chylomicrons are the only lipoproteins that exclusively carry dietary lipids Lipoproteins can be distinguished by their densities and composition Lipoprotein densities increase in the following order chylomicrons VLDLs LDLs HDLs IDLs

Consider the female cone of a pine tree They are typically woody and laden with spikes on each scale megasporophyll Female cones progress through several stages starting out closed and green maturing and producing ovules on the scales megasporophylls which will mature and produce eggs 26 Insert a picture of various types of female conifer cones Label a scale megasporophyll Be sure to include a figure title and notes Longleaf Pine Slash Pine Loblolly Pine Shortleaf Pine Female cones vary greatly in size and shape between species Pinyon Pine

D Insert a picture of your dissected flower and draw in 1 where a pollen grain would land and 2 the path the pollen tube would grow in order to reach the ovule and eventually the egg which will not be visible in your picture Petals Stamens 11E Anther Filament

All of the following are at risk effects of youth who are detained and confined in juvenile institutions EXCEPT Poor occupational outcomes Mental Health Problems Poor educational outcomes Less likely to be rearrested or confined

Can you send me a primary research article about protein synthesis and how it relates to brain function 1 What was the major goal and motivation of the study 2 What are the major findings of the paper and how were these achieved 3 How did the study advance the field 4 What new questions does the study potentially raise in terms of future research directions

The diagram below shows the transport functions of four types of lipoproteins For example one type of lipoprotein transports triacylglycerols TAGS from the liver to the peripheral tissues Identify the type of lipoprotein associated with each Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets View Available Hint s VLDL IDL HDL LDL VLDL remnants TAGS to peripheral tissues V liver cholesterol from dead or dying cells 11 cholesterol to peripheral tissues Reset Help

Determine whether the samples are independent or consist of matched pairs The effect of caffeine as an ingredient is tested with a sample of regular soda and another sample with decaffeinated soda O Matched pairs

II Observing Chromosomes Mitosis and Cytokinesis in Animal Cells In this exercise you will observe chromosomes and the stages of mitotic division in whitefish blastula cells You will also compare these chromosomes with the plant chromosomes studied in Exercise III Chromosome structure in animals and plants is basically the same in that both have centromeres and arms However plant chromosomes are generally larger than animal chromosomes Interphase Mitosis Prophase Mitosis Metaphase Mitosis Anaphase Mitosis Telophase Cytokinesis 1

Part B Melosis I Modeling Meiosis Draw out meiosis for a 2n 6 cell Do not draw crossing over recombination Meiosis I Prophase I Each chromosome is duplicated forming a tetrad Crossing over occurs Metaphase I The tetrad aligns in the center of the cell Anaphase I The homologous chromosomes split up Telophase I Sister chromatids reach separate poles Cytokinesis Cell division forms two cells Meiosis II Prophase II Chromosomes move to middle of the cell Metaphase II The sister chromatids align in the center of the cell Anaphase II The sister chromatids are split up Telophase II One chromatic reaches each cellular pole Cytokinesis Cell division of each of the two cells from Meiosis I results in four total haploid cells

1 Look at prepared slides Observing Mitosis and Cytokinesis in Plan Cells The root tip of plants is an area of rapid cell division Using the microscopes available in the lab examine an Allium Onion Root Tip slide to see cells undergoing mitosis You will probably want to start by examining your slide at 40x magnification then 100x and 400x Find cells that are in each of the following cellular stages and sketch what they look like You will probably want to examine cells at 400x magnification for this exercise Interphase Mitosis Prophase Mitosis Metaphase Mitosis Anaphase Mitosis Telophase Cytokinesis 1

I Definitions Using your textbook define each of the following cellular stages of interphase mitosis and cytokinesis and describe the appearance of the cell and what is happening to the cellular DNA at each stage 1 Interphase II Mitosis A Prophase B Metaphase c Anaphase D Telophase III Cytokinesis Laboratory Objectives After completing this lab topic you should be able to 1 Describe the activities of chromosomes and microtubules in the cell cycle including all phases of mitosis and meiosis 2 Identify the phases of mitosis in root tip and whitefish blastula cells 4 Describe differences in mitosis and cytokinesis in plant and animal cells 5 Describe differences in mitosis and meiosis Introduction The nuclei in cells of eukaryotic organisms contain chromosomes with clusters of genes discrete units of hereditary information consisting of double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Structural proteins in the chromosomes organize the DNA and participate in DNA folding and condensation When cells divide chromosomes and genes are duplicated and passed on to daughter cells Single celled organisms divide for reproduction Multicellular organisms have reproductive cells eggs or sperm but they also have somatic body cells that divide for growth or

Question 1 5 pts Cystic fibrosis is a Mendelian recessive allele The most common mutation associated with cystic fibrosis is the D F 508 mutation In the UK it is the most common cystic fibrosis variant accounting for 75 of cases However the worldwide frequency of cystic fibrosis associated mutations can vary greatly The frequency of the D F 508 mutation associated with cystic fibrosis in Romania was only 36 6 of cases Country United Kingdom Romania 9 408 9 996 AF 508 392 2 AF 508 AF 508 200 2 a Demonstrate the frequency of the D F 508 mutation is statistically significantly different between these two countries

31 Examine the longitudinal section of pine seeds below wings removed one under a microscope and one without visual aid Label the seed coat megagametophyte and embryo You may need to export the picture to an app that allows picture editing functions PPT Word etc Be sure to include a figure title labels and notes Consider the male cone of a pine tree They are smaller than the female cones from their same

5 Examine the cross section of an angiosperm tree trunk provided here Label the angiosperm tree trunk with the locations of the vascular cambium secondary xylem secondary phloem Distinguish between wood and bark heartwood and sapwood and a growth ring You may need to export the picture to an app that allows picture editing functions PPT Word etc Be sure to include a figure title labels and notes

33 Examine the longitudinal section of a male cone under 4x provided here Label the scales microsporophylls pollen sac microsporangia and pollen grains You may need to export the picture to an app that allows picture editing functions PPT Word etc Be sure to include a figure title labels and notes longitudinal section whole male cone close up of microsporangia Ve

28 Examine the scale below with included immature ovule Label the scale megasporophyll ovule and megaspore mother cell You may need to export the picture to an app that allows picture editing functions PPT Word etc Be sure to include a figure title labels and notes

27 Examine the longitudinal section of a female cone under 4x provided here Label the scales megasporophylls and ovules You may need to export the picture to an app that allows picture editing functions PPT Word etc Be sure to include a figure title labels and notes I

Cystic fibrosis is a Mendelian recessive allele The most common mutation associated with cystic fibrosis is the D F 508 mutation In the UK it is the most common cystic fibrosis variant accounting for 75 of cases However the worldwide frequency of cystic fibrosis associated mutations can vary greatly The frequency of the D F 508 mutation associated with cystic fibrosis in Romania was only 36 6 of cases Country United Kingdom Romania 9 408 9 996 AF 508 392 2 AF 508 AF 508 200 2 a Demonstrate the frequency of the D F 508 mutation is statistically significantly different

Long tube holds ocular lens and revolving nosepiece O Diaphragm O Arm Obody tube O base

Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase O interphase O telophase O prophase O metaphase

Crossing over happens O Both meiosis and mitosis O Mitosis O Meiosis 1 O Melosis 2

Pneumonic Staphylococcus aureus Osteoporosis Leukocytes Mononucleosis Hepatitis A Bubonic Macrophages 4 5 6 7 8 The chemical term for the process of oxygen present energy production also referred to as burning energy These specialized white blood cells protect the body during infections and increase dramatically in numbers during an acute infection A serious liver disease caused by a virus that is spread through fecal oral contamination A strain of bacteria that mutated and evolved to resist antibiotic drugs due to the widespread use over prescribing of penicillin type drugs A loss of bone density related to inactivity metabolic nutritional disorders that makes one more susceptible to bone fractures

A metabolic equivalent is equal to about how many calories 5 1 2 3 15

What percentage of people admitted to the hospital for possible heart attacks in the United States are found not to have had a heart attack not that they shouldn t go the ER with chest pin none of the above 5 25 50 75

Question People with the anorexia nervosa pattern of disordered eating typically display what behaviors characteristic s Select all that apply Select 3 correct answer s Insist that weight gain makes them feel fat Admit that they look emaciated but feel fine Tend to have a pre ocupation with food Are usually obedient dutiful and great students Insist that weight gain makes them feel lean Are usually obnoxious non compliant and poor students

This protective system includes structures spaced along vessels that trap infectious organisms or foreign particles resulting in Swollen glands that indicate that the body is fighting an infection Components of this system include select all that apply Olymph nodes gall badder the spleen appendix the liver erythrocytes pancreas Question 17 3 points

Question 15 2 points A revolution in the prevention of many infection diseases to A versions samples of the infectious micro organism so our immune systems recognize the organism as a foreign invader and develops strategies chemicals to prepare to fight it the next time we are A involve intentionally exposing people infected

How do symbiotic bacteria play a role in keeping us healthy Select 3 correct answer s product cells that attack foreign invaders make our kin more basic so it is hospitable to other bacteria hijack our cells to reproduce themselves make our skin more acidic to reduce growth of other micro organisms produce proteins to help us build and repair tissue produce enzymes that help us digest food

Question 12 1 point Before antibiotics were available diseases like the black plague resulted in a very high 60 90 mortality rate while the rate with antibiotic treatment that dramatic demonstrates their effectiveness is about 10 25 20 5

When someone has an auto immune disease their bodies immune system mistakes our own cells as foreign and attacks destroys them Some of the factors outline in our text that may contribute to the risk of developing one of these disorders include select all that apply Select 3 correct answer s substance abuse some inherited genetic defects hypertension some contraceptives viral infections nutritional problems deficiencies

Which disordered eating pattern is characterized by the person eating huge servings of certain foods usually carbohydrates without efforts to remove the food eaten or otherwise counter the results of that eating session anorexia nervosa guttony binge eating disorder bulimia

HIV is not very infectious compared to other viral infections be cause it can not live very long A require very contact that exchanges blood fluids A A that and not by casual contact like saliva Answer 2 transmit many of the severe acute respiratory syndromes SARS that are air horno

Mononucleosis is an infectious disease common in young adults A caused by the A Epstein Bar virus resulting in a lot of red blood cell deaths and danger of internal bleeding from trauma because of enlargement of the final lymph node called the A

The frequency of sickle cell traits differs between Western Central Africa and African Americans SCT in US 8 10 SCT in W C Africa 15 28 Yet African Americans are descended from W C Africans at on average 84 African and 16 European ancestry Can you use the General Model of Selection to explain the differences between the frequencies of these two groups If so should the simulation that demonstrates how this could have occurred Hint consider the environmental differences between the United States and West Central African nations

X Definition Sentence Word Parentheses Facts and or Chara Pictur

O 15 Explain how the cells resulting from meiasis are not identical

O 14 Explain the importance of the suppression of replication between meiotic divisions

7 Iustrate the phases of meiasis 1 And meiosis 2

O 13 Describe the differences in chromatid cohesin in melosis and mitosis

12 Ilustrate the differences between chromosome behavior in mitosis and melosis

11 Describe the distinct features of meiosis

O 10 Explain the consequence of errors in meiosis

9 Differentiate between the events of meiosis I and meiosis 2

O 8 Describe the process of crossing over during prophase 1

5 Explain the process of synapsis

6 Describe the behavior of chromosomes through both me lotic divisions

4 Describe how homologous Chromosomes pair during meiosis