Biology Questions

Rifamycin is an antibiotic used to treat the bacterium that causes tuberculosis It works by binding to the bacterium s RNA polymerase subunit This kills the bacterium by inhibiting transcription translation DNA replication cell division 13

G AUG 5 AGAATTTTTTTGAGTAGG 3 5 CCHACUCAL GUU GUC GUA GUG 5 GGATGAGTTTTTTTATCA 3 ACG GCU GCC Val GCA GCG AUG Met or Start UAG UAA and UGA Stop Ala AAG GAU GAC GAA GAG ICC 31 Lys Asp Here is the amino acids sequence for a short piece of a protein Glu AGG GGU GGC GGA GGG Arg Gly Pro Thr Gln Lys Asn Ser Which of the following is the DNA TEMPLATE strand used to produce the mRNA that encodes this protein sequence GUCAK nd Dept Biol Penn State 2002

Which characteristic of the genetic code lowers the likelihood of a mutation causing a m phenotype Universality Un ambiguity Non overlapping N

transcription Tetracycline is an antibiotic that kills bacteria by blocking the A binding site on the bacterial ribosome This kills the bacterium by inhibiting translation DNA replication RIBOSOME cell division Amino acid binding sites

Which of the following DNA strands is the template strand for this molecule of mRNA

During the process of transcription DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the newly synthesized strand one DNA strand serves as a template a supply of the nucleotides ACGT is required two new RNA molecules are produced

These examples demonstrate the ability of genes from one species to be expressed in a different species This is possible because of which property of the genetic code Redundancy O Universality Unambiguousness a Tobacco plant expressing b Pig expressing a jellyfish a firefly gene gene 2011 Pro Edon he All of the above

Which of the following sets of tRNA anticodons would associate with the following mRNA c translation 5 TTA GGT AAA 3 5 UUA GGU AAA 3 5 AAA TGG ATT 3 O5 AAA UGG AUU 3 5 AAU CCA UUU 3

In eukaryotes transcription takes place in the 6 000 nucleus cell membrane ribosomes cytoplasm

Given this DNA template strand What is the mRNA strand that is produced 5 AUUUGCGAUAGGCA 3 3 ATTTGCGATAGGCA 5 5 UAAACGCUAUCCGU 3 5 ATTTGCGATAGGCA 3 3 UAAACGCUAUCCGU 5

First Base 5 en CUC CUA CUG AUU A AUC lle AUA AUG A single amino acid replacement O A shortened protein Leu What type of mutation has occurred Original DNA 3 AGCCGCATA 5 Mutated DNA 3 AGCCGCATC 5 CCC CCA CCG All amino acids in the protein change ACU ACC ACA ACG Pro GUU GCU GUC GCC GUA Val GCA Ala GUG GCG Thr AUG Met or Start UAG UAA and UGA Stop CAC CAA CAG AAU AAC GAU GAC GAA GAG His Gin AAA AAG Lys Asn Asp Glu CGC CGA CGG AGU AGC AGA AGG GGU GGC GGA GGG Arg Ser Arg Gly DUAG DCAC DCAG Third Base 3 end Dept Biol Penn State 02002

Question 7 The genetic code is said to be redundant because one anticodon can attach to several amino acids there is more than one start codon one amino acid can have more than one codon

Question 3 Which of the following mutations would likely be most dangerous to a cell Deletion of three nucleotides Deletion of one nucleotide Substitution of one nucleotide for another

AUG Met or Start UAG UAA and UGA Stop Dept Biol Penn State 2002 The genetic disease sickle cell anemia is due to a mutation in the B globin gene a component of hemoglobin Normal B globin allele template strand 3 TGAGGACTCCTC5 Sickle B globin allele template strand 3 T GAGGACACCTC 5 Which of the following statements best summarizes the sickle cell mutation This is a silent mutation The mutation results in a Leu being replaced by a His O The mutation results in a Glu being replaced by a Val The mutation results in a stop codon appearing in the mRNA too early

First Base 5 is too short UA CUG G AUU ACU A AUC lle ACC AUA ACA AUG ACG CCA CCG GUU GUC GUA Val GUG GCU GCC GCA GCG Thr Ala AUG Met or Start UAG UAA and UGA Stop CAA CAG Gin has the amino acid Trp in place of the amino acid Cys AAU AAC Asn AAA AAG Lys GAU GAC GAA GAG Asp Glu CGA CGG AGU AGC AGA AGG GGU GGC GGA GGG Arg Ser Arg Gly DAG UCAG UCAG Dept Biol Penn State 2002 You are studying a protein and have sequenced the DNA that encodes it There is also a mutant version of the protein that does not function correctly When you transcribe the DNA to obtain the mRNA sequence you find that at one position there has been a mutation from 5 UGC 3 to 5 UGA 3 Using the genetic code you determine that this mutant protein ird Base 3 end

The coding strand of a DNA molecule that encodes an mRNA molecule has the same nucleotide sequence as the template DNA strand has the complementary nucleotide sequence to the mRNA molecule with Ts instead of Us has the same nucleotide sequence as the template DNA strand except for the 3 5 polarity has the same nucelotide sequence as the mRNA molecule with Ts instead of Us

What are the roles of introns and exons and why is alternative splicing an important mechanism for these processes

What are the roles of introns and exons and why is alternative splicing an important mechanism for these processes

1 2 3 DNA mRNA GAA Protein Glu DNA TTA AAT mRNA UUA Protein Leu COC GGG mRNA CCC Protein Pro DNA 111 Stop GT CCA Pro AC 5 What other types of mutations do you know

What differences in the pendulum s swing speed motion and energy do you notice when the pendulum s mass in increased

What were the differences in the pendulum s swing speed and total energy between the 45 and the 90 swing

As the pendulum swings towards the lowest part of its swing explain how energy is transferred What type of energy is it losing and gaining

ble 4 Mitosis in Cancerous Chicken Stomach Cells Total of of Cell Cells Cycle Phase of Mitosis Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase TOTAL 424 50 12 3 11 500 100 Time min 448 min

change across elevation Does the relative size of the head change across elevation Hypothesis Body shape in the genus Pristimantis changes across elevation i e across environmental temperature gradient Predictions limbs and head in species living at high elevations tend to be shorter than those living a low elevation Insert two figures scatter plots and a brief summary below SVL mm 50 40 30 OZ 0 65 Tibia length SVL 0 45 0 55 0 35 0 7 0 6 Foot length SVL 0 5 0 0 4 0 3 Q 0 0 0 0 0 Fig 4 SVL vs Elevational Midpoint in 147 species of Prisimantis 20 000 O 1000 o 68 1000 008 00 00g 2000 800 Elev midpoint m 2000 3000 Elev midpoint m 3000 ooo O O O Fig 5 Tibial Length SVL vs Elevational Midpoint in 147 species of Prisimanti 00 4000 O 4000

change across elevation Does the relative size of the appendages change across elevation Does the relative size of the head change across elevation Hypothesis Body shape in the genus Phrynopus changes across elevation i e across environmental temperature gradient Predictions limbs and head in species living at high elevations tend to be shorter than those living a low elevation Insert two figures scatter plots and a brief summary below SVL mm 40 35 30 Foot length SVL 25 20 15 0 50 0 55 0 45 Tibia length SVL 0 30 0 35 0 40 Fig 1 SVL vs Elevation Midpoint in 32 species of Phrynopus 0 50 0 45 0 0 40 O 0 35 3000 O O O O 3000 00 Fig 2 Tibia length SVL Elevational midpoint in 32 species of Phrynopus O 3000 3500 Elev midpoint m O B O O 3500 Elev midpoint m 4000 3500 Elev midpoint m 4000 4000 Fig 3 Foot length SVL Elevational midpoint in 32 species of Phrynopus

Finding the consensus C The coding strands sequences below represent promoter regions of several genes of the bacterium Generalus geneticus Based on the following sequences what is the average distance in bases between the 35 and Pribnow boxes Round your answer to the first place after the decimal point 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 1 GCGCTTTAATAGCATAGCTGTCTCCGT TTTGATCAGGTT AAA CTTCATTGGTAACCCCACTGCATCGACC TAATACTATCAA AGC GACCGTAGATCACACGACCAGTTCGGGGGTATGAAGAGAATTGAA TAGACCTGATTTATGAATCCCAGAGAAC GAGAATGGACAA ACC AGGCCTTGATTGGCGGAACCGGGACT TATGATGCGGGGCACA GAAGGTTGAGAAGATTCGGAGGGCTCAT TATGAACACAGGCCCG CCACCTTGATAACGACACGTACGGGCCG CATGATTGGCGC ACC AGCCATTGATATGAGATCAGACAGCCGCGTAATGTTCACCGGAGA ACCAAATGATAAAAAAGTCAACCAGAC TATGATAACGAATATC ACCCATCGATAACAGGTAAAACGCCCCC TATGATATAGGGCACT

lack 3 5 proofreading exonuclease activity use nucleoside triphosphates as substrates produce an antiparallel complementary strand to the template synthesize nucleic acids in the direction 3 5 evolutionary well conserved RNA polymerase DNA polymerase Both enzymes DNA polymerase DNA polymerase Neither enzyme

In prokaryotes initiation of transcription involves Obinding of the TATA Binding Proteins TBP to the TATA box and recruitment of RNA Polymerase scanning of the DNA by RNA Polymerase holoenzyme the core together with the TATA Binding Protein TBP until they finds and binds a promoter scanning of the DNA by RNA Polymerase binding a sigma factor until the latter finds and binds a promoter binding of a Rho factor to a stem loop structure and recruitment of RNA Polymerase O assembly of the transcription initiation complex near a start codon

Finding the consensus B The coding strands sequences below represent promoter regions of several genes of the bacterium Generalus geneticus Based on the following sequences what will be the most common first base of the nascent transcript 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 1 GCGCTTTAATAGCATAGCTGTCTCCGT TTTGATCAGGTT AAA CTTCATTGGTAACCCCACTGCATCGACC TAATACTATCAA AGC GACCGTAGATCACACGACCAGTTCGGGGGTATGAAGAGAATTGAA TAGACCTGATTTATGAATCCCAGAGAAC GAGAATGGACAA ACC AGGCCTTGATTGGCGGAACCGGGACT TATGATGCGGGGCACA GAAGGTTGAGAAGATTCGGAGGGCTCAT TATGAACACAGGCCCG CCACCTTGATAACGACACGTACGGGCCG CATGATTGGCGC ACC AGCCATTGATATGAGATCAGACAGCCGCGTAATGTTCACCGGAGA ACCAAATGATAAAAAAGTCAACCAGAC TATGATAACGAATATC ACCCATCGATAACAGGTAAAACGCCCCC TATGATATAGGGCACT OU Take Quiz A

A B The following are four different potential outcomes for the Meselson Stahl experiment Please match the outcome on the left with an interpretation i e the model compatible with it Please note that in reality only one result is correct and one result is improbable A ONA Density Generation LIH 1 C C DNA Density Generation LIH 1 2 3 2 3 B DNA Density Generation LIH 1 2 3 D DNA Density Generation LIH 1 2 3 Conservative replication Semiconservative replication Improbable

that would result It THCS Mad chudren A Last the possible genotypes and phenotypes for their children B What are the chances of a child with light blue skin C What are the chances of a child with light green skin 96 Mr Krabbs and his wife recently had a Lil Krabby but it has not been a happy occasion for them Mrs Krabbs has been upset since she first saw her new baby who had short eyeballs She claims that the hospital goofed and mixed up her baby with someone else s baby Mr Krabbs is homozygous for his tall eyeballs while his wife is heterozygous for her tall eyeballs Some members of her family have short eyes which is the recessive trait Create a Punnett square using T for the dominant gene and t for the recessive one A List the possible genotypes and phenotypes for their children B Did the hospital make a mistake Explain your answer

5 Patrick met Patti at the dance Both of them are heterozygous for their pink body color which is dominant over a yellow body color Create a Punnett square to show the possibilities that would result if Patrick and Patti nad children HINT Read question 3 A List the possible genotypes and phenotypes for their children B What are the chances of a child with a pink body C What child with a vells out of

1 2 PHASE 2 Phases of micrograp Complete the Match micr micrograph meiosis I b the images stained red Select Veri

Copper Number method Arrow method Nobel Gas method Arrow Number Thorium Nobel Gas Arrow Number Nobel Gas

I Anaphase I Telophase I Cytokinesis 1 2 PHASE 2 Phases of mei micrographs Complete the follo Match microsco micrographs to meiosis I by re c the images chro stained red Select Verify to

RATORY SIMULATION

83 A 1 2 3 Phases of m whiteboard Complete the fo Place the sket undergoing m by moving the whiteboard Place each na under correct names into the whiteboard Select Verify t

Question 18 1 point Describe what happens when seawater is consumed to quench thirst a Seawater draws water out of the body resulting in further dehydration and diarrhea Seawater can quench thirst once it is boiled Seawater helps diarrhea Seawater must be ingested at twice the volume to quench thirst Seawater quenches thirst when directly ingested

Drag each label to the correct location on the diagram of a tetrad Labels i Drop Zones Sister chromatids Centromere Synaptonemal complex Kinetochore Homologues Reset All

Explain define the role of both afferent and efferent signals in regulating the clock

Figure 14 1 illustrates a reflex arc directing which organ O the stomach O the eye O the heart the liver

Figure 14 7 shows effects of the sympathetic system which include the pupil heart rate blood vessels to skeletal muscles and blood vessels to the digestive tract Note all of your answers should be one word ending in ing

Question 6 Points 2 Based on the tax and spend label given to liberal Democrats how did John F Kennedy seem to break that mold He proposed to cut taxes O He proposed to cut taxes and raise defense spending O He proposed to cut taxes and cut welfare programs He proposed to cut welfare programs and raise defense spending

Figure 14 1 illustrates a reflex arc directing which organ O the stomach Othe the eye the heart the liver

What are the roles of introns and exons and why is alternative splicing an important mechanism for these processes

What is eukayotic initiation and what are the steps involved in it

Why are introns considered beneficial if they are are spliced out of the RNA transcript

How do introns contribute to the complexity and diversity of gene expression and protein synthesis

Can you please make a question about Eukaryotic Initiation step 6 in your own words

Can you please type two paragraph about Eukaryotic Initiation step 6 in your own words