Biotechnology & its Applications Questions and Answers

If one parent who has Huntington s disease is heterozygous for the trait and the other parent affected what are the chances of their offspring inheriting the trait 0 25 50

DNA Synthesis 3 S Replication Fork Identify which of the strands above would be the template for the LEADING strand Identify which of the strands above would be the template for the LAGGING strand Where would the helicase be located Which of the strands would require a primer S 3

A In experimental molecular biology why do you think that the use of RNAi is called a knockdown experiment in contrast to a situation where a gene is knocked out a gene that has been deleted from the genome deleted B Along those same lines explain the term post transcriptional gene silencing that is used to describe RNAi

wing questions about RNAi A Why can t RISC use double stranded RNA as a guide to bind to the target mRNA Why does it need to unwind the double stranded RNA first

Question 3 What evidence supports the claim that cells make more 1 point energy when they have more oxygen

What is the name of the molecule below 1 What is the name of the structure A 2 A D B O 1 ADP 2 adenine O 1 ATP 2 adenine O 1 ADP 2 adenosine O 1 ATP 2 ribose sugar O 1 ADP 2 ribose sugar P

atoms it possesses Malate 5 x ketoglutarate 5 Acetyl CoA 2 Citrate 6 Question 4 0 5 points Listen Each of the following is a step in the degradation of fatty acids except activation Ohydration thiolysis rectly matched with the number of carbon acylation

12 Which would likely produce more fragments during a restriction digest of DNA an enzyme that cuts at GAATTC or GATC

If the P generation is AABBCC aabbcc what is the probability of getting an offspring with genotype AaBbcc in the F2 generation 01 16 1 8

What is the probability of a pea plant with genotype PpYy producing a gamete with genotype py O 1 4 O 1 2 3 4

Which of the following cross the phospholipids bilayer at least once integral proteins peripheral proteins

Lactic acid fermentation occurs in Muscles yeast whereas alcohol fermentation occurs in

Which of these is TRUE in regards to junctions Tight junctions prevent leakage of the extracellular fluid across a layer of epithelial cells and gap junctions a channels that allow molecules to flow between cells Gap junctions prevent leakage of the extracellular fluid across a layer of epithelial cells and tight junctions a channels that allow molecules to flow between cells

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable This means that O anything can pass into or out of a cell as long as the membrane is intact and the cell is healthy the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others glucose cannot enter the cell plasma membranes must be very thick

Which of the following statements is CORRECT about diffusion It is very rapid over long distances It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration

Color the guanines PURPLE Color the cytosines YELLOW Step 3 Color the hydrogen bonds between A and T BLACK Learve the hydrogen bonds between G and C WHITE

Describe two specific applications of recent genomic or proteomic advancements in biotechnology

8 True False Sympatric speciation does not relate to asexual reproduction O False

The picture below shows the results of trypsin digestion of a peptide How do we know immediately from the results of the digestion that the C terminus of the original protein is tyrosine N Asp Ala G Arg Hi Cys Lys Trp Lys Ser Gau Asn Leu lke Arg Thr Tyr c Alp Ab Gly Arg Hi Cy Lys Trp Las Trypsin Set Clu Asn Leu lle Arg Thr Tyr O Tyrosine is confirmed by chymotrypsin to be the C terminus O Trypsin is specific for basic amino acids leaving them as the C terminus of peptides it generates therefore if a tyrosine is the C terminus of a fragment it was not generated by trypsin Trypsin always leaves tyrosine as the C terminus when it cleaves peptides O The premise of the question is incorrect From the available trypsin digest data we do not know that tyrosine is the C terminus O Tyrosine is always the C terminus of a protein

6 9 4 2 23 24 5 17 18 20 21 iz Information Listen Match each term for a property of muscle cells with its definition contractility elasticity excitability conductivity distensibility the ability of proteins within muscle cells to draw together 2 the ability to respond to a stimulus the ability to move an electrical signal along the plasma membrane 1 3 4 the ability to stretch 5 the ability to return to the original non stretched shape and size

2 The nitrate reduction test is performed using a Differential media b Selective media c Enriched media d Defined media e Synthetic media

6 Why may a heavy inoculum be problematic in this test a The medium s pH can be falsely elevated if too many bacteria are growing on the agar b You will not be able to achieve colony isolation c You may introduce a contaminant into the agar d You may mistake the inoculum for actual growth e You may be unable to assess the media s color if the slant is overgrown

7 Choose the statement s that accurately describe s Simmons citrate agar select all that apply a It is considered enriched media b It is considered a defined media c There is an organic source of carbon in the media d Simmons citrate agar contains methylene blue as a pH indicator e After incubation you must add reagents to this media before interpreting test results

umber the steps below so they are in the proper order for the nitrate reduction test Development of a red color indicates a negative result Add Reagent B Look for a bubble in the Durham tube Inoculate the media Development of a red color indicates a positive result Add Reagent C if no color developed Incubate the media Add Reagent A

5 Cross out the steps that do not apply to the VP test and then number the remaining steps so they are in the proper orde Add methyl red Immediately observe the sample for a color change Add 1 mL of your sample to a clean tube Inoculate MR VP broth media Add a naphthol Add potassium hydroxide Record a yellow result as having a positive VP test result OM Band

6 Cross out the steps that do not apply to the MR test and then number the remaining steps so they are in the proper order Inoculate MR VP broth media Add 1 mL of your sample to a clean tube Add potassium hydroxide Add a naphthol Incubate sample for an hour Record a positive MR test result if a red color develops thuld rod

1 Why is the methyl red test read immediately after addition of methyl red reagent whereas the Voges Proskauer test is read up to 60 minutes after addition of Reagents A and B

2 Suppose you perform this exercise and upon making your observation you notice the media outside the Durham tube is red while the media inside the Durham tube is yellow What conclusions could you make Be sure to explain your reasoning

Critical Thinking 1 Should you anticipate a bubble in the Durham tube if the media is red Explain your reasoning

Critical Thinking 1 Why is it necessary to use two controls uninoculated control and a nonsaccharolytic sample rather than just one What are the specific purposes of each Be thorough in your answer

2 The genome size of E coli K12 is approximately 4 6 x 106 base pairs with a mutation rate of 1x 10 9 per genome per generation how many mutations would you expect to appear in the population above after 24 hours 3 If the growth rate was r 0 1 how many mutations would you expect in this culture

5 Access a scientific database to search for a piece of primary literature that explains the effect of alcohol on membranes In 3 5 sentences summarize the results of the article using in text citations Also cite your reference at the end of your paragraph as a work cited in APA format 2 points

At a rave Logan is offered ecstasy How would this illegal drug be classified OA OB OC It is an opioid D It is a hallucinogen It is an empathogen It is a cannabinoid

Sedentaria worms are always in the same place such as in a burrow or a tube whereas Errantia worms can crawl and change location in search of food True False

The cocoon in earthworm is the region of the body where the 2 worms anchor themselves grab each other during copulation removable like a bracelet on a human arm secreted by the clitellum OC where fertilization happens

The remaining valid use of medicinal leeches is to use them to clean out dead tissue from a wound apply them to areas of excess blood loss to help the blood clot more readily apply them to severely bruised tissue to relieve blood congestion and allow damaged vessels to grow back use them as natural bandages to bind damaged tissues together

Real GDP is calculated as the output in each year multiplied by the prices in the base year O nominal GDP divided by each year s prices the output in each year multiplied by each year s prices O nominal GDP multiplied by the price index

An amphipathic protein is a transmembrane protein O True O False

Inflation Tax revenues Imports Unemployment Private debt Question 18 3 points Listen When using the income approach what is NOT considered to calculate GDP Rent Interests Net Exports Wages fite

of unemployment Full Employment is zero rate of unemployment If an employee has overqualified education experience or skills he or she is underemployed Underemployment rate is always higher than unemployment rate O US adopts employment at will doctrine which makes it easier for US companie to hire and fire workers Question 26 3 points Listen Real GDP is calculated as to have the output in each year multiplied by the prices in the base year Onominal GDP divided by each year s prices the output in each year multiplied by each year s prices

A peak in the business cycle is a temporary minimum point or real GDP occurs when the inflation rate is its lowest O occurs when the unemployment rate is its greatest is a temporary maximum point of real GDP

Select the description that applies to each of the 4 fundamental elements of a Medical term Combining vowel Prefix Suffix Choose Choose Choose Word root Choose

How many microliters of the Brilliant Blue R solution do you need to add to the 20 g mL dilution tube No need to add the microliters unit to your answer just the number Components Brilliant Blue R sol at 5 g L L Water L Final volume L 15 g mL 20 g mL 25 g mL 30 g mL Dilution Dilution Dilution Dilution 1000 1000 1000 1000 35 g mL Dilution 1000

Draw three rungs levels of an alpha helix including the details of the peptide chain Indicate R groups with the letter R Indicate the atoms involved in the H bonding pattern precisely Name one amino acid that is commonly found in alpha helices and name another amino acid that disrupts alpha helices

What is the objective of studying story elements between texts O It helps readers relate the similarities and differences of plot setting and theme O It helps readers know the author O It helps readers analyze only the denouement O None of the choices

9881 O P O CH NH H H O P O CH O HH H H O P O CH H H N H HH OH O P O CH NH NH H CH H HH H 0 0 CH OH Hydrogen bond be tween side chain and carboxyl oxygen CH OH Hydrogen bond between two side chains CCH www 15 1 CH CH CH CH CHCH HCMN to COUCH H C lonie bond S CH SS CH Disulfide bond H C van der Waals Interaction thydrophobic region 2005 Psican NUCLEIC ACIDS 9 Draw the chemical structure of one monomer for DNA and for RNA Label the three different parts of the monomers Indicate the 3 and 5 end of the monomers Which chemical features distinguish these monomers How many monomers exist for each group and what are their names full abbrev 18 826 7874 je door 18 821 2035 23 671 8438 ment 1 Image ies s again 61 567 3090 ment 1 Image 51 437 6955 9

Fractionation Isolation of Mitochondrial Fraction Tissue Preparation and Fractionation 1 Collect the mortar pestle and a styrofoam tray from your TA Fill the tray with ice and place the mortar and pestle in the ice 2 Use a razor blade to dice 20 g of cauliflower Each group will need 20 g of tissue 3 Place the tissue in a chilled mortar with 40 mL of ice cold Mannitol Grinding Buffer Grind the tissue vigorously with a chilled pestle for 4 min 4 Filter the suspension through four layers of cheesecloth into a chilled 50 mL centrifuge tube Wring out the liquid into the tube This liquid is known as the Filtrate F fraction Save 4 mL of Filtrate into a separate 15 mL falcon tube for later use Place on ice It is essential that all samples and materials be kept on ice at all times 5 Centrifuge the remaining filtrate F at 1000x gravity for 10 min at 0 4 C Make sure the centrifuge tubes are balanced and placed opposite one another in the centrifuge 6 Separate the pellet P1 from the supernatant S1 by pouring the supernatant into a clean chilled centrifuge tube 7 Set aside 4 mL of S1 into a 15 mL Falcon tube for later use Store on ice 8 Use a Pasteur pipette to resuspend P1 and scrape the mitochondrial pellet from the wall of the centrifuge tube and then with a Pasteur pipette thoroughly re suspend the sediment in 8 mL of ice cold Mannitol Assay Buffer Completely disrupt all of the chunks of cell debris Keep the fraction on ice 9 Centrifuge the remaining S1 at 12 000x gravity for 30 min at 4 C 10 During the centrifugation begin microscopy on F S1 and P1 You will create a wet mount for each sample F S1 and P1 using a slide and cover slip Use the instructions guide provided to complete the microscopy using the Zeiss Microscopes Axiocam and Axio Vision software Use the microscope to observe a drop from each of the first three fractions Filtrate S1 and P1 WHAT DO YOU SEE Are there whole cells present that were not disrupted during homogenization Use Azure C dye to stain nuclei by adding a drop of the dye to each slide from above Do you see any nuclei Describe the results in your notebook These images will be used in your report 11 After the centrifugation of S1 separate the supernatant S2 from the pellet P2 by pourin pernatant into a 50 mL falcon tube Save 4 mL of S2 for later use keep on ice

Chapter 5 e Page s 100 101 5 6 List the three stages of cellular respiration and explain the function of each Fermentation occurs in anaerobic conditions primarily because NAD a product of glycolysis needs to be recycled and reduced to produce NADH Click or tap True or False to answer the question True False

Which of the following reactions require s light Correct Answer s photosystem II oxidative phosphorylation Drag appropriate answer s here photosynthesis Krebs cycle

Question 6 1 point Listen Michael has an appointment with his family doctor for an annual medical checkup Michael has been feeling great and has not been sick The doctor takes a sample from Michael s gut and after some lab analysis it is discovered that Michael s gut has hundreds of different species of bacteria present Which of the following statements is most likely in this situation The doctor concludes that this sample is normal The doctor becomes quite concerned at the number of species of bacteria and orders more tests The doctor informs Michael that any amount of bacteria in his gut indicates a very severe illness such as cancer The doctor informs Michael that any amount of bacteria in his gut indicates a severe infection