Cell Cycle and Cell Division Questions and Answers

The ant Myrmecia pilosula is found in Australia where it is called a bulldog ant because of its aggressive behavior It is particularly interesting genetically because it has only one chromosome It is diploid and sex is determined by the number copies of this chromosome an individual has females have two and males have one The drawings below illustrate metaphase of meiosis or mitosis in this organism with alleles for a single gene indicated T t Chromosomes are not to scale and spindles are not drawn in however the relative positions of chromosomes are significant in these drawings Choose a letter A B or C to indicate which drawing could illustrate each cell division stage described on the left A mitosis in a female meiosis I in a female mitosis in a male meiosis II in a female B XX Choose BCA Choose Choose C 8

Match the chromosomal feature on the left with a correct statement about it on the right centromeres telomeres pseudoautosomal regions of X and Y nucleosome chiasmata Choose A a histone octamer with DNA wrapped around it physically connect sister chromatids prior to chromosome segregation at meiosis II protect chromosome ends shared sequences at the tips of X and Y chromosomes that allow them to pair at meiosis I physically connect homologous chromosomes prior to chromosome segregation at meiosis I Choose Choose Choose

Below is a pedigree of a family with a history of the autosomal recessive disorder Tay Sachs Use T to represent the dominant allele and t to represent the recessive allele of the gene that when mutant causes Tay Sachs Part 1 Indicate the genotype for each individual in the first two generations of the pedigree 1 1 TT Tt 2 3 1 4 O 1 6 1 2 1 2 tt 11 2 37773 X linked recessive Autosomal dominant Part 2 What is the probability that the unborn child in the third generation marked with a question mark will have Tay Sachs disease 1 3 ZZZZA A7700 TT tt Tt TT or Tt V 11 3 V 1 4 Part 3 Imagine you do not know the mode of inheritance of this disease Are the first two generations of this pedigree consistent with each of the following modes of inheritance 11 4

Match the following descriptions with gene structures DNA sequences that are 5 upstream and 3 downstream to the coding sequence are transcribed but not translated The location on the gene sequence where the transcript begins to be made usually between the promoter and 5 UTR DNA sequence upstream of coding sequence considered a regulatory region where RNA polymerase binds Sequence found in DNA sequence and transcript RNA sequence triggers the end of translation Sequence found in DNA but not mRNA does not code for gene product is spliced out Sequence found in DNA sequence and transcript RNA sequence where translation begins DNA sequence 3 downstream to the coding sequence and the 3 UTR signaling the end of transcription Sequence found in DNA and mRNA codes for gene product DNA sequence that can activate or enhance transcription sequence is bound by proteins sometimes called activators or transcription factors

11 Part 1 What is Individual 1 1 s genotype Oxtxt 0x9r 0x90 Part 2 Individual 6 2 marries a man who is not affected by G6PD She is pregnant with their first child Genetic tests inform her that the child is a boy What is the probability that this male child will have G6PD 00 0 0 25 2 0 05 0 035 01

XX XX Part 1 Select all the possible gametes if this cell suffered from nondisjunction of the smaller chromosome in meiosis I meiosis i normal Assume no crossing over AB abb 8 Ab AB CA ABb ab a88 Abb Part 2 Select all the possible gametes if this cell suffered from nondisjunction of the smaller chromosome in ONE not both of the cells undergoing melosis II meiosis I normal taking into account each of the possible nondisjunctions that could occu Assume no crossing over Oa8 Ab ab ABb Abb AB

Nondisjunction it Nondisjunction in Nondisjunction in V is a failure of sister chromatids to separate is a failure of homologous chromosomes to separate results in four gametes with abnormal chromosome compositions Nondisjunction in abnormal chromosome compositions results in two gametes with a normal chromosome composition and two gametes with

African Americans Mexicans Asians All faced segregation and discrimination in society All were hired by the Southern Pacific and Santa Fe Railroads because they accepted lower wages than whites 5 13 9 17 21 29 25 33 10 14 18 22 26 N 6 30 34 E

A cell not undergoing mitosis or meiosis has not undergone DNA replication Among each of the different cells listed which will contain sister chromatids Select ALL correct answers Cell in metaphase of meiosis I Cell in metaphase of mitosis Daughter cell from mitosis Gamete Somatic diploid cell not undergoing mitosis Cell in metaphase of meiosis II

Jonah and Jana are siblings Jonah has the genetic disorder cystic fibrosis caused by inheriting two mutant alleles of the CFTR gene the gene that when mutant causes cystic fibrosis one allele was inherited from each parent Jana does not have cystic fibrosis Which of the following statements is are true Select all that apply Jana has two copies of the mutant allele of the CFTR gene Jana has at least one copy of the non mutant CFTR allele Jana does not have the CFTR gene Jana has two copies of the CFTR gene

Match the function or description below to the correct chromosome part Nucleosome Centromere Telomere II Protects chromosome ends A structural motif consisting of DNA coiled around histones

homologous chromosome pair maternal a paternal 1 DNA rep 2 STZAAN 3 Question 2 When does the transition from stage 2 to stage 3 occur A Mitosis B Meiosis I C Meiosis II Question 3 At stages 2 and 3 what alleles will be present on the left and right members of the blue sister chromatid pair A A and A B a and a C A and a

Order the steps in breaking down a fatty acid 3 poir Dragged and dropped options will be automatically saved For keyboard navigation SHOW MOR III III III E Linkage to carnitine Fatty acid activation Citric acid cycle Beta oxidation

The degradation of amino acids fatty acids and glucose all require the use of this same pathway Selected answer will be automatically saved For keyboard navigation press up down arrow keys to select an answer a b C d citric acid cycle glycolysis urea cycle PDH complex

Choose the enzyme that synthesizes an RNA strand consisting of 10 nucleotides that is complementary to one of the template DNA strands endonuclease primase topoisomerase O helicase O polymerase

Which of the following options best describes the following statement Either you are going to win or you are going to lose It is a disjunction It is a conjunction It is a conditional It is a negation

A cell has completed G2 and moved on to M phase A spindle fiber has not properly connected to a kinetochore Which of the following will happen first in a healthy functioning cell O cyclin dependent kinases will be removed from the cytoplasm by enzyme degradation O The daughter cells will have unequal numbers of chromatids following anaphase The daughter cells will have unequal numbers of chromosomes following metaphase A regulatory signal will be sent to halt M phase moving forward until the spindle can connor

at which stage of Meiosis do daughter cells become haploid Following Prophase of Meiosis II O Following telophase of Meiosis II O Following anaphase of Meiosis II Following anaphase of Meiosis I

The image meiosis begins How many genetically different gametes can this cell form 18 1A 2A 28 OA There will be eight genetically different gametes B There will be four genetically different gametes OC There will be two genetically different gametes D All of the gametes will be genetically identical

15 Liste In a relaxed skeletal muscle actin is not chemically bound to OZ lines Otroponin tropomyosin myosin

to its receptor activates a G protein coupled signaling cascade resulting in the opening of cation channels depolarization and impulse transmission True False Question 21 2 points Listen Select ALL of the following nerves that have both sensory and motor function Olfactory nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Abducens nerve

1 3 P 5 SY Pivot joint Nonaxial Hinge joint Nonaxial Ball and socket joint Nonaxial Planc joint Nonaxial Condyloid joint Nonaxial OSaddle joint Nonaxial Pivot joint Uniaxial Hinge joint Uniaxial O Plane joint Uniaxial A Ball and socket joint Uniaxial Condyloid joint Uniaxial Saddle joint Uniaxial Pivot joint Biaxial Hinge joint Biaxial Ball and socket joint Biaxial Planc joint Biaxial Condyloid joint Biaxial la inint Biaxial 2 4 6

Karla is interested in studying genetic modifications in a lab that could potentially influence the function of the Calvin cycle What would she be modifying and how would she measure the impact of her modifications on cycle function O She could genetically modify the enzymes and look at ATP production She could genetically modify G3P and look at ATP production O She could genetically modify Rubisco and look at G3P production O She could genetically modify the enzymes of the Calvin study and look at G3P production

How might global warming affect seasonal temperature changes

Which bone is highlighted clavicle O scapula humerus Osternum Model courtesy of Denoyer Geppert www denoyer com Pearson

How do geological changes provide evidence for evolution OA They show that Earth s features have remained fairly constant for millions of years OB They show that large forces are required to cause any observable change OC They accumulate over a very long time which supports the idea that living things have changed in the same way D They occur very suddenly which supports the idea that life evolyes quickly

Why is a scientific topic best discussed by people of varying points of view from different subdisciplines and representing diverse cultures Scientists can coordinate with others to conduct experiments in similar ways People need to exchange their ideas with other disciplines and cultures because everyone has a right to an opinion in science This is a way of ensuring that everyone gets the same results Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific

A number of systems for pumping ions across membranes are powered by ATP Such ATP powered pumps are often called ATPases although they do not often hydrolyze ATP unless they are simultaneously transporting ions Because small increases in calcium ions in the cytosol can trigger a number of different intracellular reactions cells keep the cytosolic calcium concentration quite low under normal conditions using ATP powered calcium pumps For example muscle cells transport calcium from the cytosol into the membranous system called the sarcoplasmic reticulum SR If a resting muscle cell s cytosol has a free calcium ion concentration of 10 7 while the concentration in the SR is 10 2 then how is the ATPase acting O ATPase activity must be pumping calcium from the cytosol to the SR against the concentration gradient ATPase activity must be powering an inflow of calcium from the outside of the cell into the SR ATPase activity must be opening a channel for the calcium ions to diffuse back into the SR along the concentration gradient O ATPase activity must be transferring P to the SR to enable this to occur i

The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as inductive science technology pure science

Select ALL of the following that are true regarding graded potentials They usually occur in axons They are short lived localized changes in the membrane potential Either depolarization or hyperpolarization can occur The stronger the stimulus the more the voltage changes and the farther the current flows

garding chemical synapses A neurotransmitter is released from the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron and received on the receptor region of the postsynaptic neuron The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled Cells with gap junctions use chemical synapses Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons terminals of cells Question 11 2 points 4 Listen Myelin is what makes gray matter look gray protects and electrically insulates axons increasing the speed that action potentials are transmitted protects axons and allows them to generate graded potentials quicker protects axons and contains many sodium channels increasing the speed that

Listen What do think a bird beak that is delicate thin and long would be best at eating other large animals seeds fruits insects Question 5 1 point Listen Bird beaks can be small medium or large How do think the weight of a beak compares to a jaw with teeth of similar cine2

Question 11 A A B A D B C A C E D E

What reaction would occur if the muscle labeled E were suddenly pulled longer Initial stimulus muscle stretch E O the contraction of the both muscles E and G O the contraction of muscle E O the relaxation of the both muscles E and G O the relaxation of muscle E

4 Upon examining a sample consisting of 100 cells you find the following distribution of cell phases If you know that the cell cycle for this type of cell takes two hours how long on average does the cell spend in prophase Cell Phase Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase O 8 minutes O 16 minutes 22 minutes O 30 minutes Number of Cells 54 25 8 Cutekinocin 7 6 5 In what part of the cell cycle does the DNA make a copy of itself O Interphase Prophase Telophase

2 During which phase does the cell actually separate into two individual daughter cells O Prophase O Cytokinesis O Interphase O Metaphase 3 If your were to examine a sample of 1000 cells in which of the phases listed below would you expect to find most of the cells Interphase O Metaphase O Anaphase O Telophase

G1 Test Practice Fr Arduino project G 1 Place the four images from the cell cycle in the correct chronological order A XXX C B D JELV O Image A image D image B image C Image C image D image B image A O Image C image B image A image D O Image B image C image D image A 2 During which phase does the cell actually separate into two individual daughter

the body passes through the structures of the digestive system the following correctly represents the order in which food coming into Opharynx small intestine large intestine stomach esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine esophagus stomach pharynx small intestine O pharynx stomach esophagus small intestine Question 17 1 point Listen When theo dedi

a typical nerve cell the nucleus is found in the Ocell body O synapse axonal region dendritic region synaptic terminals Question 11 1 point B

Match the area of the brain with its function 100 thalamus cerebral cortex cerebellum medulla oblongata 1 2 3 4 fine tunes motor activity to provide precise coordinated movements autonomic reflex center involved in maintaining homeostasis relay station for information coming into the cortex executive suite of the brain responsible for conscious thought sensory perception and control of skeletal muscle movement

are incoming short distance signals on dendrites or the cell body vs outgoing long distance signals on axons Presynaptic potentials postsynaptic potentials Action potentials graded potentials EPSP IPSP Graded potentials action potentials are

True False Question 3 1 point 4 Listen are incoming short distance signals on dendrites or the cell body vs outgoing long distance signals on axons Graded potentials action potentials Presynaptic potentials postsynaptic potentials EPSP IPSP are

following would occur an EPSP presynaptic inhibition an IPSP an action potential Question 7 1 point Listen to its receptor opens Cl channels which of the The function of a neurotransmitter is determined by the receptor to which it binds True

Starting with a fertilized egg zygote a series of six cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells 32 12 16 64

When taken up by a cell which of the following molecules binds to a repressor so that the repressor no longer binds to the operator Opromoter Orepressor Ocorepressor

At which phase of the cell cycle do centrioles begin to move apart in animal cells Otelophase anaphase metaphase prophase

A triploid cell contains three sets of homologous chromosomes If a cell of a diploid species that normally has 42 chromosomes per cell is triploid this cell would be expected to have which of the following sets of chromosomes 63 chromosomes in 21 sets of 3 63 chromosomes each with 3 sister chromatids 21 chromosome pairs and 21 unique chromosomes 63 chromosomes in 31 1 2 pairs

Certain cell types normally have several nuclei per cell How could such multinucleated cells be explained The cell had multiple S phases before it entered mitosis The cell underwent repeated mitosis with simultaneous cytokinesis The cell underwent repeated cytokinesis but no mitosis The cell underwent repeated mitosis but cytokinesis did not occur

Which of the following statements is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n 16 The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell A gamete from this species has four chromosomes Each diploid cell has eight homologous pairs of chromosomes The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes per cell

For each of the following indicate whether the condition will cause the membrane potential to become more positive more negative or largely unchanged when compared to the normal physiological resting membrane potential Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins View Available Hint s More Positive Double the size of the cell without adding channels Double the concentration of K outside the cell Double the number of closed channels for K Double the number of K leak channels More Negative Triple the number of Na leak channels Decrease the concentration of Nat outside the cell by half Largely Unchanged Reset Help