Kidney and Urinary Tract Questions and Answers

Figure 26 13 Female reproductive system models a midsagittal view b anterior view c posterior view 2 3 4 5 Urinary bladder Pubic symphysis Urethra 6 7 8 a 3 9 C3B Scientific 10 11 12 13 Anal canal

5 Using FIGURES 26 3 through 26 6 for reference as needed complete the labeling activity in FIGURE 26 7 14 15 16 17 18 26 20 19 61 20 20 28 27 21 22 29 30 23 24 25 CAltay Scientific Group 31

1 Fill in the circle beside each organ or structure with a different color Then find the organ or structure in FIGURE 24 1 and color it with the corresponding color Abdominal aorta Inferior vena cava Kidneys Renal arteries Renal veins Ureters Urethra Urinary bladder

Urinary system comp Structure b microscopic structure Lab Exercise 24 Post lab Assessments 6 Loop of henle Photomicrograph 1000x 8 Bowman s capsule 7 Glomerulus YD

Figure 24 6 Kidney frontal section with adrenal gland model 2 3 Adrenal gland 9 1

Determine whether the following statement is true or false Normal urine is light yellow to amber in color True False

Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets Proximal tubule Renal corpuscle Distal tubule Renal Nephron Renal Collecting medulla loop cortex duct Reset

Complete the labeling activity by identifying the indicated organs structures and tissues Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets Lamina propria Urinary bladder Mucosa transitional epithelium Detrusor muscle muscularis layer Lumen

Define the following terms associated with renal physiology Match each key term to the appropriate description Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer Tubular secretion Glomerular filtration rate GFR Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption third step in urine production in which certain molecules from the perit are pumped into the nephron so they can be eliminated as part of urine calculation that determines how well the blood is filtered by the kidney first step in urine production in which a modified filtrate is formed second step in urine production in which tubular cells reclaims certain

Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets Proximal tubule Renal corpuscle Capsular space Afferent arteriole Glomerular capillary organs ictures and tissues PRIN Efferent arteriole C

Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets 10 Renal capsule Renal cortex Ureter Renal medulla Renal pelvis

If the diameter of the efferent arteriole is smaller than the diameter of the afferent arteriole then O a there must be an abnormal blockage in the peritubular capillaries O b blood pressure in the glomerulus stays high O c the endothelial capsular membrane filters less blood than normal O d capsular hydrostatic pressure increases to levels higher than glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure O e blood pressure in the glomerulus stays low

Ureter exits from the O a O b O c O d O e Pelvis of the kidney Renal Hilus Medulla of the kidney Cortex of the kidney Capsule of the kidney

A renal corpuscle is a whereas a renal tubule is a O a glandular structure that regulates blood pressure blood vessel that regulates the flow of blood into the glomerulus O b storage area for urine tubule that carries urine from the urinary bladder outside O c special blood cell in the kidneys tubule that leads from the kidneys to the bladder O d cluster of blood capillaries and glomerular capsule highly coiled tubule exiting the glomerular capsule

Which of the following lists the nephron regions in the correct order of fluid flow O a proximal convoluted tubule loop of Henle distal convoluted tubule glomerular capsule O b loop of Henle glomerular capsule proximal convoluted tubule distal convoluted tubule O c glomerular capsule proximal convoluted tubule loop of Henle distal convoluted tubule O d glomerular capsule distal convoluted tubule loop of Henle proximal convoluted tubule O e distal convoluted tubule loop of Henle proximal convoluted tubule glomerular capsule

Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron O a calyx renal pelvis urethra ureter urinary bladder O b calyx renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder urethra O c renal pelvis calyx ureter urinary bladder urethra O d renal pelvis calyx urinary bladder ureter urethra

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys O a Synthesis of plasma proteins O b Removal of metabolic wastes O c Maintaining volume pH and composition of body fluids within normal ra O d Removal of excess chemicals

ADH has which of the following effects on the distal convoluted tubule Increase the urine volume 5 Increase water re absorption Decrease water re absorption O d Decrease the concentration of urine

Prostatic urethra Internal urethral sphincter Neck of urinary bladder Membranous urethra Prostate gland External urethral sphincter Center of trigone

Rectum Urinary bladder Prostate gland External urethral sphincter External urethral orifice Spongy urethra Urogenital diaphragm Urethra Left ureter Pubic symphysis Peritoneum JU 2

Lamina propria Stratified squamous epithelium of mucosa Lumen of urethra Smooth muscle urethra Detrusor muscle Mucosa Transitional epithelium Lamina propria containing mucous glands Submucosa Urinary bladder Female urethra

Hymen Greater vestibular gland Rugae Labia minora Fornix Vestibule Vaginal canal Vaginal artery Vaginal vein 11 U

Use the References to access important values if needed for this question A sample of helium gas occupies a volume of 9 14 L at 59 0 C and 381 torr If the volume of the gas sample is increased to 10 4 L while its temperature is decreased to 5 0 C the resulting gas pressure will be torr Submit Answer Retry Entire Group

26 Clinicians examine the concentrations of two chemicals in the blood that best reflect the status of kidney functioning these are A Creatinine and BUN 8 Potassium and BUN C Sodium and Potassium D Calcium and Potassium E Glucose and Amino Acids 27 The appearance of glucose in the urine A Occurs normally B Only occurs in the presence of kidney disease C Occurs when the transport carriers for glucose become saturated D Is a result of hypoglycemia E None of the above 28 Which of these factors oppose s filtration from the glomerulus A Plasma ancatic pressure B Hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular Bowman s capsule C Plasma hydrostatic pressure D Both A and B E Bath B and C 29 Aldosterone stimulates sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the A Proximal convoluted tubule B Descending limb of the nephron Henle loop C Ascending limb of the nephron Henle loop D Cortical Collecting Duct C None of the above 30 Antidiuretic Hormone ADH promotes the retention of water in the body by A Causing active transport of water B Causing active transport of chloride C Causing active transport of sodium D Causing a change in the permeability to water in the cortical collecting duct E Decreasing the amount of aquaporins in the cortical collection dur

16 The correct sequence of blood vessels in jantaneed llery inner cortical nephrons is A Renal artery segmental arteries interlobar arteries arcuate arteries cortical radiate artery afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole peritubular capillaries vasa recta cortical radiate veins ancuate veins interlobar veln renal vein B Renal artery segmental arteries interlobar arteries arcuate arteries afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriale vasa recta arcuate veins arcuate veins interlobar vein renal vein C Renal artery interlobar arteries segmental arteries arcuate arteries afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole vasa recta arcuate veins arcuate veins interlobar vein renal vein D Renal artery interlobar arteries segmental arteries afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole vasa recta arcuate veins arcuate veins interlobar vein renal vein E Renal artery interlobar arteries segmental arteries arcuate arteries afferent arteriole efferent arteriole vasa recta arcuate veins arcuate veins interlobar vein renal vein loops and the length of the loop provides 17 The A outer cortical longest less B mid cortical longest more C inner cortical shortest less nephrons have the concentration of the urine D inner cortical longest more E inner cortical shortest less D 4 E S 18 In the nephron actions are responsible for forming urine A 1 B 2 C3 19 In the renal corpuscle A Filtration B Reabsorption C Secretion D Filtration and secretion E None of these processes 20 All glucose reabsorption accurs in the A glomerulus B proximal convoluted tubule C Lopp of Henle occurs

21 The ascending loop of Henle is A very B minimally C slightly D semi E Not at all 22 The juxtaglomerular cells secrete A Juntaglomerular macula densa juxtaglomerular cells renin B juxtaglomerular macula densa jantaglomenilar cells angiotensin C juxtaglomerular glomerulus juntaglomenalar cells angiotensin D juxtaglomerular macula densac loop of Henle angiotensin E juxtaglomenular macula densa collecting duct angiotensin apparatus is composed of the B respiratory alkalosis C metabolic acidosis permeable to water The two systems most responsible for acid base control they are the respiratory and urinary systems Thus questions on acid base balance D respiratory acidosis E normal blood gas values 23 The arterial blood gas results show a pH of 7 6 PaCO2 of 54 and bicarbonate HCO elevated A metabolic alkalosis B respiratory alkalosis Cmetabolic acidosis and D respiratory acidosis F normal blood gas values The 24 The arterial blood gas results show a pll of 7 6 PaCO2 of 22 and bicarbonate HCO normal A metabolic alkalosis B respiratory alkalosis C metabolic acidosis D respiratory acidosis E normal blood gas values 25 The arterial blood gas results show ap of 7 3 PaCO of 54 and bicarbonate HCO normal A metabolic alkalosis

A 5 15 B 0 10 C 10 20 D 15 25 E 20 65 12 100 of A water sodium B filtered bicarbonate unfiltered bicarbonate C glucose vitamins D chloride potassium E Nothing is 100 reabsorbed in the PCT 13 Secretion is removing certain unwanted substances from the blood that were not able to be filtered at the A JG cell tubular cell B left right kidneys C glomerulus Bowman s capsule D Loop of Henle PCT E None of the above 14 A 20 30 B 1 10 C 10 20 D 2 4 C 20 65 D k and to 15 The collecting ducts absorb A water sodium water ures C water vitamins D chloride patassium E None of the above is reabsorbed in the PCT of HCO is reabsorbed in the Loop of Henle and

6 The kidneys lie in a A peritoneal anterior B peritoneal posterior C retroperitoneal superior D retroperitoneal inferior E none of the above 7 and A afferent efferent B anterior posterior C inferior superior D lateral oblique E bigger smaller 8 The right kidney is A lower liver B higher liver C smaller liver D bigger liver E None of the above position in the 10 The lateral surface is A bigger smaller B smaller bigger C convex concave D concave convex E None of the above arterioles affer high resistance to blood flow 9 The distal convoluted tubule DCT is not permeable to A water sodium B water urea C water vitamins D chloride potassium E None of the above lumbar region than the left because it is crowded by the the medial surface is and

Each matching and multiple choice question is worth 3 paints There are 30 of them so that is a total of 90 points The calculation questions are worth 20 points so the total test is worth 110 points These questions are matching See page 2 for the picture A Kidney Lobe B Renal pyramid C Renal Cortex D Renal Pelvis E Major calyx F Minor Calyx G Renal papilla H Renal artery L Renal Vein J Cortical Radiate arteries K Interlobar artery 1 What structure is label E 2 What structure is label D 3 What structure is label A 4 What structure is label L 5 What structure is label G A L G

Choose the example that best describes a negative feedback loop blood clotting factors appear at the site of an injury and secrete chemotactic factors that stimulate more clotting factor formation renin is released in response to low blood pressure to cause vasoconstriction and fluid retention

Lincoln s main purpose in his Gettysburg and Second Inaugural Address was to encourage the splitting of the Union O get support from foreign countries to defeat the south blame the conflict on the South and collect reparations from the rebellious states preserve the union

Part A E F B

blood pressures A Ejection fraction systolic diastolic B Cardiac output systolic diastolic C Resistance systolic diastolic D Pulse pressure systolic diastolic E None of the above 7 The highest pressure in the systemic circulation during the cardiac cycle is termed the and occurs during A Diastolic blood pressure ejection contraction B Systolic blood pressure ejection contraction C Systolic blood pressure diastasis filling D Systolic blood pressure rapid ventricular filling E None of the above 8 The along the wall of a blood vessel depends on the vessel and the blood vessel Radius tension pressure B Radius pressure tension A C Pressure tension radius D Tension pressure radius E None of the above 9 The most permeable capillaries are the A Fenestrated sinusoidal B Fenestrated continuous C Sinusoidal fenestrated D Sinusoidal continuous and the least are the within the blood

Which structure is not part of a nephron O ureters O peritubular capillaries O glomeruli

Identify the figure of speech used in the sentence below Death lays his icy hand on kings O Simile O Metaphor O Hyperbole O Personification

31 Mary is a 70 kg standard female who presents to the physician s office with severe lethargy The patient has severe gastritis The patient work up suggests a differential diagnosis One of the possibilities is anemia Extensive lab work is done and here are the results hematocrit 27 hemoglobin 7 gm dIRBC 3 million mm3WBC 9 000 mm3Reticulocyte count HighMCHC NormalMCV NormalMCH NormalPeripheral smear the RBC is 9 micromillimeters in width The cells are normal color A Does the patient have anemia If yes is it increased destruction or decreased production B What does the severe gastritis suggest C What do you think the patient s condition is due to

O True O False Question 3 2 F Rating scales are not widely used in psychology as a means of quantifying subjective psychological variables of many kinds Truo

of two groups a group who has to read a pamphlet on STD s and a group who has to watch a video with other adolescents who contracted STD s because of early sexual activity He then asks them to fill out a survey to see if there is a difference in attitudes about early sexual activity that may be caused by the type of educational material they were exposed to In this situation which is the independent variable O the things the adolescents in the video said the type of educational material students reviewed O the responses on the survey the age of the participants Question 22 Re read 21 In this situation which is the dependent variable O the things the adolescents in the video said O the age of the participants the responses on the survey 5 pts

HEA 213 Human Body Systems A P for the Public Health Professio 55 The renal medulla is composed of the O renal pyramids nephrons O renal columns renal pyramids O renal corpuscles nephrons O renal pyramids thin fibrous tissue Respiratory Acidosis O Respiratory Alkalosis Metabolic Alkalosis Diabetes 56 A condition in which the body has a build up of ketones is called O Metabolic Acidosis 57 Acid Base Buffers Systems regulate O Protein synthesis Hydrogen ion concentrations 0 O Enzyme metabolism 100 0 while the renal cortex is composed of

45 The is the tube that carries urine outside the body Oureter Ocollecting duct Ourethra Obladder 46 The two main fluid compartments are O Electrolytes and Water O Acidosis and Alkalosis O Metabolism and Respiratory O Abdominal Cavity and Pelvic Cavity O Extracellular and Intracellular 47 A by product of protein metabolism found in urine is OUric acid O Urea O Ammonia O Water

99 Which of the following blood pH levels are within normal ranges O 5 8 O 6 2 O 7 45 O 7 9 O 6 6 100 John has Gout He experiences pain in his fingers due to excess his joints O Urea O Uric Acid Calcium Filtrate that has lead to crystal deposits in

4 There is no difference in the anatomical structure of the urethra in males and females O True False 5 Which alveoli cell type is a simple squamous epithelial cell Type I Type II Goblet Cells Mucous Cells Alpha Cells 6 Oxygen and carbon dioxide binds to what structure in red blood cells Iron Hemoglobin Nucleus Cytoplasm

HEA 213 Human 67 Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system regulate fluid volume filter blood of wastes excrete waste products regulate neural pathways 68 The fibrous coat of the ureter is what give it structure True False 69 Which section of the small intestine is the longest O Duodenum lleum Cecum O Jejunum 70 During inspiration what events are occurring O Diaphragm contracts and flattens

55 Lung tissue scarring has what effect on breathing depth O Increase depth O Decreases depth O Has no effect on depth O None of the above are true O Widens depth 56 A renal clearance test can determine the rate at which kidneys can O Excrete water O Reabsorb nutrients O Remove a chemical from the blood O Add a chemical to the blood 57 The average total lung capacity is O 3 Liters O 6 Liters O 2 Liters 8 Liters

Temperature O Solubility O Color Shape O Concentration 59 Up to 33 55 O 70 O 100 rate of water and electrolytes from filtrate is recycled and reabsorbed in the proximal tubule 60 The three types of muscles in the stomach are categorized as all of the following EXCEPT O Pennate O Circular O Oblique

Professio 86 Conscious control of urination inhibits micturition by using what structure O Medulla O Cerebral cortex and pons O Spinal cord O Hypothalamus 87 The waste product pulled from blood in the glomerulus and dumped into the proximal tubule is called O Uric acid O Urea O Filtrate O Urine 88 During tubular reabsorption nutrients are sent back to what area O Renal pelvis O Interstitial spaces O Glomerulus O Ureter 89 Venule bundles in the glomerulus carry blood into the Bowmans capsule

93 A spiroscope is used to conduct spirometry O True False 94 Which of the following is a way that the body loses electrolytes O Exercise O Sweating Bowel movements O Urination O All of the above 95 The process of urination begins when the brain transmits a signal to the muscular bladder wall instructing it t while simultaneously signaling the sphincters to O Tighten relax Relax loosen O Contract tighten O Relax tighten

43 Which bone forms the medial wall of the orbit and hold supports the tear ducts Vomer O Lacrimal O Palatine Nasal Conchae 44 What pelvic muscle is responsible for adduction of the thigh and lateral rotation of the leg O Adductor longus O Adductor brevis O Obturator O Pectineus Olliacus 45 The gets its name from secretory granules in their cytoplasm O Stratum lucidum O Stratum spinosum O Stratum granulosum O Stratum corneum

About 65 of filtrate that goes into the nephron immediately leaves back to the circulatory system in the proximal convoluted tubule and is called water

Question 9 O True 4 Once liquids in the kidney get past the collecting ducts and enter the calyces they cannot be put back into the body and must leave as waste O False 2 pts