Biology Questions

Select all of the following that apply to the body wall muscles in nematodes arranged in quadrants are molted in pre adult life history stages contract longitudinally only circular muscles lie beneath the hypodermis

Match the functions listed below with the molluscan structure head foot or visceral mass that matches best with it 100 Primarily uses muscles contains most internal organs contains most of the sensory structures primarily for locomotion primarily uses cilia 1 Head foot 2 visceral mass

Listen AOTD What is a result of nematodes adaptation to cryptobiosis They cannot move from one place to another easily They can only live in specific places They are more prone to being eaten by predators They have increased resilience to tough environments

Which sense is well developed at birth Ovision O touch O taste hearing

1 61 GTCGACTGGG CACCAGCCGG ATGCGTCCGT CAACCCCGAC TGTTCCGCCA AGAACTCCG CCTTCTGTGG CGGGATGACG TTGAGCACAT CGGCACAGAA AGTGTCGAAC TCGGTTTCG 121 CGGTTCGCCC GGCGGCATCG ATCCGCTCCA GCCGTCCCTC TTTTTCCGAG GAAACCCAT 181 CCACCATGTC TCCGTAGAGT TCGCGCCAGG CCTGCTCGAA TGCCGGCTGC TTGGAAAACC 241 GGGTCTTGGC ATCGAGTATC AGGATCTTGG AGCGGGGTTT GTGCTTTTTC ATGTAATAGE 301 CGATGAGCGA GGCGCGTTCG TAGGGGCCAG GCGGACAACG ATAGGGAGAA GGTGGTGCGG 361 TGATCAGAAC CAGGCCGCCG TCGGGCATCG CGCGGATCTG CCGGGCGAGC AAAGCGGTCT 421 GGGGGCCGGC CTTCCAGGCA TGGGGAACGA ACCGGCTCGC CGCCTCGTCA TAGCCCATTA 481 TCGCCTCCCA GCGAAAGTCG ATGCCGGGGG AGAGGACTAG CCTGTCGTAG GTGACCTCGG 541 CACCATCGTT CAGTATCACA CGCCGTCGCT GCCGATCCAG GCGGGCGACC CGGGCGGTTA 601 CCTTTCCTAT ATCCAGCTCC CGCCGCAACC AGTCATAAGA CCGCGCGAGA GTCCCCATGT 661 CCCCGAGGCC GGCGACTGCT TCGTTCGATC CGGGGCAGGA AAGATAAGTC TCCTGCGGTT 721 CGATCAATGT GATCGTCAGA CCGGGATTCA TCTGCTTCAG ATAGCGGGCG GCCGTGGCAC 781 CGCCATAACC GCCACCGACG ACCACGACCG GCCGCCTGAG CGAAGACCTT GCCGGAAGCG 841 CAGCCACCCA GTCCCAGCCC ATGCCGCAGA CTGCCAGCAG GCGCAGGAAC CGCCGCCGGC 901 GGATCATGGC CTCTTTCCCA GAAAGCCGGC GATCGCTTCA ATGTCCTGGT TCGTGAGTCC 961 GGCAGCGATC CGGTTCATGA CCGTGCCCGA TCTTTTTCCT TCACGGTACT CCCGCAACAG 1021 AGATGCCATC TCCTTCGCAT CGAAGCGGCG TAACGATGCC GGTTCGGGAA TCTGCTCCTC 1081 CTCGTCGGCA TGGCAGCCGA GGCAACCGAG CGCAGCCAAA ACCATGTCCG GTTTTTCGGC 1141 CCGGGCCGGG AAACAGAGAG CGACAGCGAT CGTACCGATC TGGACGCGTC TCACAAACGA 1201 CAAAACGTCA CGATGGGTGT TCGGTAGCTG AGTCACGGGG ATTTGTAGAA GTATAGGACC 1261 GACGGATTTT ATGCAAGCAT GTCGCTTTGA CCAAGCCGGG ATTCCATGGA AGGGATGTCA 1321 TCGGGAGAGT TATTTATGTC GTTGATTTAT AAGAAACTAC CCCTGCGTCA AAATGTCGCA 1381 GATTTTTCTT GACAGTTTGG GGGAGGGTGA TAGATCCTCC ACCGATGGAC CGGTACCGCC 1441 TCTGTTGCGG GGTCCATGAA ATGCCCGTTA GAGGCAGAAC CGATAGGGAA TTAGAGAAGC 1501 GGGCGTCGGC GCCGAATGCC GGCCCCTGTC AACCATCACT TTAGGAGGAA CAAACAATGG 1561 CAGCAACAAC CATTGGTGGT GCAGCTGCGG CGTAAGCGCC GCTGCTGGAC AAGAAGTGGC 1621 TCACGTTCGC ACTGGCGATT TACACCGTGT TCTACCTGTG GGTGCGGTGG TACGAAGGTG 1681 TCTATGGCTG GTCCGCCGGA CTGGACTCGT TCGCGCCGGA GTTCGAGACC TACTGGATGA 1741 ATTTCCTGTA CACCGAGATC GTCCTGGAGA TCGTGACGGC TTCGATCCTG TGGGGCTATC 1801 TCTGGAAGAC CCGCGACCGC AACCTGGCCG CGCTGACCCC GCGTGAAGAG CTGCGCCGCA 1861 ACTTCACCCA CCTGGTGTGG CTGGTGGCCT ACGCCTGGGC CATCTACTGG GGCGCATCCT 1921 ACTTCACCGA GCAGGACGGC ACCTGGCATC AGACGATCGT GCGCGACACC GACTTCACGC 1981 CGTCGCACAT CATCGAGTTC TATCTGAGCT ACCCGATCTA CATCATCACC GGTTTTGCGG 2041 CGTTCATCTA CGCCAAGACG CGTCTGCCGT TCTTCGCGAA GGGCATCTCG CTGCCGTACC 2101 TGGTGCTGGT GGTGGGTCCG TTCATGATTC TGCCGAACGT GGGTCTGAAC GAATGGGGCC

1 GTCGACTGGG CACCAGCCGG ATGCGTCCGT CAACCCCGAC TGTTCCGCCA AGAACTCCGO 61 CCTTCTGTGG CGGGATGACG TTGAGCACAT CGGCACAGAA AGTGTCGAAC TCGGTTTCGA 121 CGGTTCGCCC GGCGGCATCG ATCCGCTCCA GCCGTCCCTC TTTTTCCGAG GAAACCCATT 181 CCACCATGTC TCCGTAGAGT TCGCGCCAGG CCTGCTCGAA TGCCGGCTGC TTGGAAAACC 241 GGGTCTTGGC ATCGAGTATC AGGATCTTGG AGCGGGGTTT GTGCTTTTTC ATGTAATAGG 301 CGATGAGCGA GGCGCGTTCG TAGGGGCCAG GCGGACAACG ATAGGGAGAA GGTGGTGCGG 361 TGATCAGAAC CAGGCCGCCG TCGGGCATCG CGCGGATCTG CCGGGCGAGC AAAGCGGTCT 421 GGGGGCCGGC CTTCCAGGCA TGGGGAACGA ACCGGCTCGC CGCCTCGTCA TAGCCCATTA 481 TCGCCTCCCA GCGAAAGTCG ATGCCGGGGG AGAGGACTAG CCTGTCGTAG GTGACCTCGG 541 CACCATCGTT CAGTATCACA CGCCGTCGCT GCCGATCCAG GCGGGCGACC CGGGCGGTTA 601 CCTTTCCTAT ATCCAGCTCC CGCCGCAACC AGTCATAAGA CCGCGCGAGA GTCCCCATGT 661 CCCCGAGGCC GGCGACTGCT TCGTTCGATC CGGGGCAGGA AAGATAAGTC TCCTGCGGTT 721 CGATCAATGT GATCGTCAGA CCGGGATTCA TCTGCTTCAG ATAGCGGGCG GCCGTGGCAC 781 CGCCATAACC GCCACCGACG ACCACGACCG GCCGCCTGAG CGAAGACCTT GCCGGAAGCG 841 CAGCCACCCA GTCCCAGCCC ATGCCGCAGA CTGCCAGCAG GCGCAGGAAC CGCCGCCGGC 901 GGATCATGGC CTCTTTCCCA GAAAGCCGGC GATCGCTTCA ATGTCCTGGT TCGTGAGTCC 961 GGCAGCGATC CGGTTCATGA CCGTGCCCGA TCTTTTTCCT TCACGGTACT CCCGCAACAG 1021 AGATGCCATC TCCTTCGCAT CGAAGCGGCG TAACGATGCC GGTTCGGGAA TCTGCTCCTC 1081 CTCGTCGGCA TGGCAGCCGA GGCAACCGAG CGCAGCCAAA ACCATGTCCG GTTTTTCGGC 1141 CCGGGCCGGG AAACAGAGAG CGACAGCGAT CGTACCGATC TGGACGCGTC TCACAAACGA 1201 CAAAACGTCA CGATGGGTGT TCGGTAGCTG AGTCACGGGG ATTTGTAGAA GTATAGGACC 1261 GACGGATTTT ATGCAAGCAT GTCGCTTTGA CCAAGCCGGG ATTCCATGGA AGGGATGTCA 1321 TCGGGAGAGT TATTTATGTC GTTGATTTAT AAGAAACTAC CCCTGCGTCA AAATGTCGCA 1381 GATTTTTCTT GACAGTTTGG GGGAGGGTGA TAGATCCTCC ACCGATGGAC CGGTACCGCC 1441 TCTGTTGCGG GGTCCATGAA ATGCCCGTTA GAGGCAGAAC CGATAGGGAA TTAGAGAAGO 1501 GGGCGTCGGC GCCGAATGCC GGCCCCTGTC AACCATCACT TTAGGAGGAA CAAACAATGG 1561 CAGCAACAAC CATTGGTGGT GCAGCTGCGG CGTAAGCGCC GCTGCTGGAC AAGAAGTGGC 1621 TCACGTTCGC ACTGGCGATT TACACCGTGT TCTACCTGTG GGTGCGGTGG TACGAAGGTG 1681 TCTATGGCTG GTCCGCCGGA CTGGACTCGT TCGCGCCGGA GTTCGAGACC TACTGGATGA 1741 ATTTCCTGTA CACCGAGATC GTCCTGGAGA TCGTGACGGC TTCGATCCTG TGGGGCTATC 1801 TCTGGAAGAC CCGCGACCGC AACCTGGCCG CGCTGACCCC GCGTGAAGAG CTGCGCCGCA 1861 ACTTCACCCA CCTGGTGTGG CTGGTGGCCT ACGCCTGGGC CATCTACTGG GGCGCATCCT 1921 ACTTCACCGA GCAGGACGGC ACCTGGCATC AGACGATCGT GCGCGACACC GACTTCACGC 1981 CGTCGCACAT CATCGAGTTC TATCTGAGCT ACCCGATCTA CATCATCACC GGTTTTGCGG 2041 CGTTCATCTA CGCCAAGACG CGTCTGCCGT TCTTCGCGAA GGGCATCTCG CTGCCGTACC 2101 TGGTGCTGGT GGTGGGTCCG TTCATGATTC TGCCGAACGT GGGTCTGAAC GAATGGGGCC 2161 ACACCTTCTG GTTCATGGAA GAGCTGTTCG TGGCGCCGCT GCACTACGGC TTCGTGATCT

Finally be a ribosome and TRANSLATE your mRNA sequence into the predicted protein chain of amino acids for the normal form of the Mystery Gene Hint 1 Use the Dictionary of the Genetic Code below Start with the first AUG in your mRNA Ribosomes recognize AUG as the start site for translation Hint 2 Many people find it helpful to write out the mRNA sequence on paper and put lines between the codons for easy reading Like this AUG GUU CAU etc Write your protein sequence using the three letter names for the amino acids Put a space or a hyphen between amino acids Like this Met Val His etc

The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of DNA sequences This occurs because A DNA sequences are unable to revert back to previous allelic states B the variation in the substitution rate between closely related lineages prevents accurate estimation of divergence time C variation in population sizes among lineages changes the effect of genetic drift D in highly diverged lineages substitutions will occur at sites that have been substituted previously

How many of the following statements regarding transport across the cell membrane are correct 1 Endocytosis and Exocytosis are active transport and use energy II ATP is always used in active transport III All cells carry out the three types of endocytosis IV In the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis small molecules cannot cross the membrane a O b 1 c 2 d 3 el 4

What are the nutritional requirements of photoheterotrophic and lithoheterotrophic cells in terms of energy and carbon sources respectively a Light and organic molecules respectively for photoheterotrophs and organic and inorganic molecules respectively for lithoheterotrophs Ob Inorganic molecules as both source of energy and carbon for photoheterotrophs and inorganic and organic molecules respectively for lithoheterotrophs c Inorganic and organic molecules respectively for photoheterotrophs and organic and inorganic molecules respectively for lithoheterotrophs d Light and organic molecules respectively for photoheterotrophs and inorganic and organic molecules respectively for lithoheterotrophs e Light and organic molecules respectively for photoheterotrophs and organic molecules as both source of energy and carbon for lithoheterotrophs

Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules which is most likely regarding the solute molecule depicted here identified by an arrow

Which one of the following statements is true for mitochondria only and not for both mitochondria and chloroplasts a They duplicate their genetic material and reproduce by dividing in two b They cannot grow and reproduce when isolated from the cell c They are enclosed by two layers of phospholipid bilayers d They are found in all aerobic eukaryotic cells e They are thought to have been independent organisms engulfed by pre eukaryotic cells

You place two nerve cells which have synaptic connection to each other and are normally able to signal to each other in a dish filled with a buffer containing H Na and Cl as the only inorganic ions You stimulate the first neuron by applying a depolarizing voltage across the membrane of one of the dendrites but find that the second neuron does not respond Which of the following is the most likely explanation for its lack of response a An action potential can only be initiated by opening a ligand gated channel b Propagation of the action potential along the axon is prevented by the lack of K in the buffer c The axon membrane is unable to repolarize i this buffer d Neurotransmitter is not being released into the synaptic cleft e Neurotransmitter is released but is unable to stimulate opening of the ligand

What do Coombs control cells consist of O Type O positive cells coated with C3d O Type A negative cells coated with anti D O Type O negative cells coated with C3d O Type A positive cells coated with anti D O None is correct

Which of the following tests is not required as part of the donor processing procedure for allogeneic donation O ABO O Anti CMV O Anti HTLV I O Rh O Cross match

Which is not an example of the most common form of error associated with fatal transfusion reactions O Wrong RBC unit is tagged for transfusion O Miss identification of patients at the time of transfusion O Antibody below detectable levels during pretransfusion testing O Phlebotomist labels patient A tubes with patient B information O Technologist enters results of patient A testing into patient B field

A transfusion reaction characterized by high fever shock hemoglobinuria DIC and renal failure O AHTR ODSHTR O TRALI O TACO O TAS

What is the preliminary indication of a newborn when a microscopic Du test of the mother reveals a mixed field pattern of micro agglutinates among a background of un agglutinated cells O Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage O Viral hepatitis O Kernicterus O Hydrops fetalis AIHA

Immediate or acute HTR involves Associated with hemolysis O IgG minutes hours extravascular O Rh hours days extravascular O ABO minutes hours intravascular O Kidd minutes hours intravascular ABO immediately minutes intravascular Onset is within to

Clotted blood and blood in EDTA are collected to provide respectively for general serologic investigations of AIHA O Cells plasma O Cold sample warm sample O Serum cells O Antigens antibodies O Serum plasma and

Autologous blood donations are to be used O All are correct O For bone marrow transplant recipients O At a later date by the donor O By HIV positive recipients O By family members of the donor 2

A woman without prenatal care delivers a healthy term infant A cord blood sample shows the infant is A positive with a positive DAT The workup of the unexpected finding should include O Direct antiglobulin testing of the mother s specimen O None is correct O ABO testing of the mother O ABO and Rh typing of the father Anti C3 antiglobulin test

A patient was transfused with 8 units of platelets concentrate experiences symptoms of febrile non hemolytic transfusion reaction What is a common of a FNHTR O Recipient is allergic to the donor s plasma proteins O Recipient has antibodies to the donor s HLA antigens O All answers are correct O Donor unit has a positive DAT Donor unit was not prewarmed

Nonimmune hemolysis can be caused during transfusion by O Use of small bore size needle O All are correct O Improper shipping tempareture O Improper use of a blood warmer O Use of an infusion pump

A patient with major thalassemia is on chronic transfusion therapy Which of the following patient histories might suggest future transfusions with saline washed RBCs O History of transfusion associated sepsis O History of multiple red cell alloantibodies O History of multiple urticarial reactions O History of previous DIC O History of iron overload

The majority of Anaphylactic reactions to blood transfusion are usually caused O Mast cell deficient recipient O Anti IgG in IgA deficient recipient O IgA deficiency O IgG deficiency Anti IgA in IgA deficient recipient

Great care must be taken during collection of the recipient s blood to ensur positive identification of the O Donor s ABO group and Rh type O Patient s cross match and antibody screen O Patient and patient blood sample O Patient s ABO group and Rh type O Donor and donor unit of blood

risk of HDFN is the most important initial factor in being able to determine the O Patient history O Obstetrician care O Prenatal care O All answers are correct O Number and outcomes of previous pregnancies

A patient has a positive antibody screen and positive antibody panel The identification panel revealed anti Le as the offending antibody The neutralization technique was performed on his sample The control and the Lewis neutralized sera were both negative when retested with panel cells How should this test be interpreted O The sample was probably diluted O The panel cells were not washed sufficiently O All answers are correct O The antibody originally identified was probably not anti Leb O The anti Leb was successfully neutralized no underlying antibodies were found

When a donor starts to hyperventilate the correct course of action is to have them O Raise their legs over the head O Rebreathe into a paper bag O Place a cold wash rag on their neck O Put their head between their legs O Lie down

List the three main chordate evolutionary novelties that we covered in class lecture Describe what they are adaptations for and how they work towards that end Edit View Insert Format Tools Table

Define the concept of transfer of function Now discuss how the evolution of the jaw illustrates transfer of function by addressing each step in the figure as part of your explanation

Lobe fins locomote by paddling their fins rather than using exclusively their tail O True O False

Jawed vertebrates as a generalization get their food by O eating marine plants O burrowing in the sediment for small animals O filter feeding through their gill slits O active predation in the water column

Ray fins have fins with a muscular base and robust internal skeletal elements O True O False

Describe the land plant reproductive cycle and the alternation of generations using a diagram with annotation Upload your diagram

Bryophytes perform double fertilization True O False

Compared to Bryophytes Tracheophytes have all of these choices O ability to make woody tissue many tracheophytes O leaf structures O vascular tissue

Angiosperms have a suite of novelties that make them extremely competitive in an ecological sense One relates to fertilization First use the first photo below as a guide to explain how plants perform pollination more efficiently than a conifer for example Second choose a novelty of angiosperms that does not have to do with pollination that also makes this group so ecologically competitive

With early seed plants the endosperm develops before fertilization of the egg O True O False

The type of stress at a convergent boundary is at a divergent boundary is and at a transform boundary is A Tension Compression Shear B Shear Compression Tension C Tension Shear Compression D Compression Tension Shear E Compression Shear Tension

O peripheral proteins O carbohydrate anchored protein O transmembrane QUESTION 12 What kind of membrane protein penetrates into the hydrophobic part of the lipid bilayer O integral protein Olipid anchored protein O peripheral proteins O transmembrane protein O both integral protein and transmembrane protein QUESTION 13 Why are integral membrane proteins difficult to study O They are difficult to isolate in soluble form due to their hydrophobic transmembrane domains O They are difficult to isolate in soluble form due to their hydrophilic transmembrane domains O They are so small O They are so large O None of these are correct

Insulin binds to a receptor which leads to a cascade which causes increase in glu transport on cell surfaces Instructions On the flowchart to the left fill in the missing steps of the signal transduction pathway see figure 13 20 In addition in 1 or 2 sentences explain what a kinase does see figure 13 9 for help What to submit submit as a word doc or pdf Kinase What is the major source of phosphate for most kinases Insulin Insulin receptor Cross phosphorylation Enzymatic Reaction Amplification Protein Lipid Interaction Enzymatic Reaction Protein Protein Interaction Enzymatic Reaction Amplification Amplification

Description Membrane lipids are composed of three parts two fatty acids a glycerol and a phosphate with an R group Fatty Acid Phosphatidylserine R A Glycerol Phosphate containing R group O T O R Instructions Using good old fashioned pen and paper pencil is ok too draw in the structure of each membrane lipid and label the fatty acid glycerol and phosphate group see figure 11 7 for example Take a photo of your work make sure it is completely readable and submit note the app Turbo Scan works very well small cost iScanner is also available for free What to submit Submit the structures as a PDF or image Phosphatidylcholine

Explain the major role of each of these lipids Phosphatidylserine

Determine the inheritance pattern of each of the following pedigrees Then label the genotypes of each individual in the pedigrees Recessive Ar Here R

6 If bacteria cannot sexually reproduce how do they develop genetic variation Explain the processes conjugation transformation and transduction in your response and the role each plays in creating genetic variation

4 For 9 Explain why a amino acids 5 What role does tRNA play in translation How is it different from mRNA in its function and structure 6 If bacteria cannot sexually reproduce how do they develop genetic variation Explain the processes role cach plays in creating

Compare and Contrast DNA Polymerase and RNA Polymerase How are they similar and how are they different Think about their basic functions and requirements as well as what purposes they serve for their respective processes on would only code for four

their respective processes For 9 Explain why a fifteen nucleotide sequence that includes a stop codon would only code for four amino acids DNA play in translation How is it different from mRNA in its function and structure