Biology Questions

You are working in a molecular biology lab and isolate a previously unknown virus Analysis of its genome reveals that it is composed of a double stranded DNA molecule containing 14 T thymine Based on this information what would you predict the C cytosine to be 14 28 36 72 Cannot be determined from the information given

A molecule of DNA is comprised of 38 A 22 T 24 G 16 C What can you conclude about this molecule from this information It is single stranded OIt is double stranded It is non coding DNA

Here are four individual strands of DNA 1 5AATTCCGGCCTAACTT3 2 5 AAGTTAGGCCGGAATT3 3 5 TTAAGGCCGGATTGAA3 4 5 TTCAATCCGGCCTTAA3 Which strands would pair with one another O1 and 2 3 and 4 O1 and 4 2 and 3 1 and 3 2 and 4 1 and 3 only

An actively dividing bacterial culture is grown in a medium containing radioactive adenine A After all the adenine is labeled the bacteria are transferred to a medium containing nonradioactive adenine A Following one round of DNA replication in the nonradioactive medium the DNA is analyzed Which of the following sequences could represent this DNA A ATTGA TC TTAACTAG A ATTGATC TTA A CTAG AATTGATC

The process of DNA replication is semiconservative This means that a replicated chromosome is composed of two DNA molecules sister chromatids One molecule is composed of two newly synthesized strands of DNA while the template molecule is composed of the two parental strands of DNA two DNA molecules sister chromatids each with one newly synthesized strand of DNA and one parental strand of DNA two DNA molecules sister chromatids Each DNA molecule contains segments of both newly synthesized and parental DNA randomly mixed throughout the molecule one DNA molecule and one RNA molecule sister chromatids

During DNA replication along the lagging strand of DNA Okazaki fragments are produced This is because DNA polymerase can only add new nucleotides to the 5 end of the newly synthesized DNA can only add new nucleotides to the 3 end of the newly synthesized DNA is only active along the leading continuously synthesized strand Primase produces the Okazaki fragments is the enzyme involved in producing the mRNA molecule

Order the steps in binary fission from first to last starting at the top i Instructions The bacterial DNA molecule begins replication The cell elongates and the replicating DNA is partitioned such that the origins are at the 1 4 and 3 4 positions in the cell Septation begins

Which sentence from the articla BEST Supports the conclusion that growing large pumpkins is a time consuming process Travis Gienger has been growing A enormous pumpkins for nearly 30 yours 2 Each year he and dozens of other gourd growers haul their overgrown winter squash to Half Moon Bay Ca fomnia Gienger starta planting seeds in his backyard pumpkir patch in mid Even though he has been growing P

B Make identical strands of DNA CCT ATA TCT CTC TAT ATC TCT CAT ACT GTG TGT CTC TAT original new

Incomplete Dominance For all of the traits Mendel studies one allele was dominant while the other was recessive This is not always the case Two other inheritance patterns exist codominance and incomplete dominance codominance In codominance the alleles are neither I I result dark skin L traits i are created in the offspring nor medium skin As a I light skin WHITE R R ROAN R R Incomplete dominance In incomplets dominance the allele can t i fully overpower the 1 RED R R allele so the resulting trait is a of the two DNA Chromosomes What is a chromosome A chromosome is a structure found in the nudeer of a cell that an organism s is wrapped around Body cells have twice the i number of chromosomes as sex cells Half come from the egg cell and half come from the sperm cell Human 23 pairs of chromosomes 46 total Different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes Chimpanzee 24 pairs of chromosomes 48 total W Bananas 11 pairs of chromosomes s 22 total What is DNA DNA an abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid is the for building an organism Fruit fly 4 pairs of chromosomes 8 total

CCG GAT TTT AAT TAG CTA CTA TCG TAC TAC GTT GGT GCT original new Organism Human Cow Salmon Wheat Yeast The proportions of the bases are consistent within a species however they do vary between species Using the base pa rules complete the following table to show the percentage of each type of base in the five different organisms Adenine 31 28 32 8 23 27 31 Based on your results write a general rule that online the 22 new Percentage of each type of base Guanine Cytosine 19 19 complementary from 2A mount FATC and Ch 21 DYNEA Thymine 29

ces below and write your opinion about Universal Basic Income and Job Guarantee Program Include but not be limited to the discussions of the strengths weaknesses of each program Which one do you think is the best for US economy If you have a better idea or program please share it as well Feel free to research listed resources below The word limit is 400 500 more about the programs beyond the Video https www youtube com watch v eec9iFfmxbw https www youtube com watch v EoU2YL3hWvk https www youtube com watch v UqESogRgrYw

Question 10 In a laboratory a scientist gathered identical E coli cells and grew them in separate petri dishes labeled as population A population B and population C With plenty of food and the right temperature all coll cells in each population increased by reproducing every 20 minutes However populations A B and C were introduced to antibiotic 1 Penicillin and antibiotic 2 amoxicillin After one hour the scient observed each population under the microscope and noticed that population A died after receiving both antibiotics population B survived but was not able to reproduce again and population C survived a reproduced more abundantly by overtaking population A and B in the next generation A Starting population B Antibiotic 182 administered Survivors B After 2 days Ending population What mechanisms would BEST explain how population C developed an antibiotic resistance or acquired adaptations or features that made it well suited to its immediate environment A Natural selection and Mutation

9 What are Keynes major critiques of neoclassical theory

2 Compare various bones of Monkey and compare them to Humans Figs 3 4 and 4b Skeletal Part Tail bones present or absent Shape of pelvis Shape of spine Shape of clavicle Opposable first toe on foot present or absent Opposable thumb present or absent Prehensile foot can grip present or absent Where does the skull attach to spine Where do the Femur attach to Pelvis Monkey Human

1 What was the economic environment for Keynesian economic theory to emerge

8 Between Job Guarantee and Universal Basic Income which one do you think works better for US economy Consider Full employment Inflation Inequality Instability

Output Income 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 Consumption 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 Investment 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 Gov Spending 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 a What is the equilibrium level of output income b Suppose that government spending increase from 50 to 100 at each level of income What will happen to the equilibrium level of output income c Continued from the previous question b Given that Yf full employment level of output 500 describe the current economy Is there any inflation or unemployment issue

9 What are Keynes major critiques of neoclassical theory

6 Explain how the treasury and the central bank stabilize an unstable private economy using Keynesian model Y C I G

omplete the table 2 3 4 5 6 8 Enzyme that unwinds DNA Sections of copied DNA created on the lagging strand The strand that is copied in a continuous way Binds Okazaki fragments Builds a new DNA strand by adding complementary bases Stabilizes the DNA molecule during replication Strand that is copied discontinuously Initiates the synthesis DNA by creating a short RNA segment

7 Explain the conventional role myths of the State held by the public and the actual role played by the State according to Mariana Mazzucato

4 What is a Keynesian way to solve the issue of a low saving rate in US

Sample stream Light scatter and fluorescence detector Induces charge on selected droplets Laser Sorted samples Waste nonlabeled cells Cells labeled by FISH Nozzle Deflection plates de

Question 14 Studying bes To study motor function on microtubules scientists can create purified stable fluorescently labeled microtubules and motors different colors and watch movement of the kinesin walking along the microtubule using a fluorescence microscopy This allows scientists to analyze the kinetics of kinesin movement velocity of movement what regulates movement etc A How might you expect that molecular biologists create stable and labeled microtubules for this experiment To create stable and labeled microtubules for this experiment they would likely polymerize purified tubulin into microtubules in the presence of a fluorescent marker or dye The addition of a stabilizing agent like taxol can help block the microtubules dynamic instability and promote stability B Based on what you know about how kinesin motor activity is regulated by ATP ADP and nucleotide release what do you think would happen if you added only ADP to this experiment rather than ATP Would the kinesin ever bind the MT Would you observe the kinesin walking on the microtubule The movie 17 7 in the movies folder in Moodle might be helpful for this question Bio285 F23 If you only added ADP rather than ATP to this experiment the kinesin would bind to the microtubule because ADP bound kinesio has a good affinity for the microtubule That would cause a conformational change leading to ADP dissociating from the binding pocket Since there s no ATP to diffuse into the binding pocket of kinesio and cause the neck linker to change conformation and cause walking kinesin would bind to ADP and remain bound to ADP and therefore bound to the microtubule and no walking is observed C Based on what you know about how kipesin motor activity is regulated what do you think would happen if you added a n00 hdolzable ATP analog to this experiment Would the kinesin ever bind the MT Would you observe the kinesin walking on the microtubule Here is a structure of an example 000 bydrolyzable ATP analog ATP y S S 0 O P P P NH Topic 6 Problem Set Answer Key N O Francis N N

Question 8 Microtubule Polymerization Assay You are working in a lab that studies microtubule dynamics Being the eager researcher that you are you wake up at the crack of dawn on Monday morning to start your first in vitro experiment studying the dynamics of microtubule polymerization You add GTP and purified tubulin to a test tube and observe microtubule polymerization in vitro You take some samples at a few time points up until 11am but stop because you need to leave for Bio285 lecture you don t want to be late to Bio285 lecture after all and observe the following Bio285 F23 Topic 6 Problem Set Answer Key L2 time amount of polymer Francis A If you had more time to take additional timepoints over the next hour how would you expect the shape of the curve to change during that time Draw what the graph would look like and explain what is happening at the molecular level B If you continued to take time points throughout the night and into the next day how would you expect the shape of the curve to change Draw what the graph would look like and explain what is happening at the molecular level

Question 9 Microtubule Dynamics Imagine that you have found a small molecule inhibitor that disrupts binding of GTP to tubulin Imagine that you add this small molecule inhibitor in the middle of an experiment where you are looking at microtubule growth and dynamics over time like a tubulin polymerization assay Would this molecule enhance the dynamic instability of microtubules

wwwwwww C Based on what you know about how kinesin motor activity is regulated what do you think would happen if you added a non hydrolyzable ATP analog to this experiment Would the kinesin ever bind the MT Would you observe the kinesin walking on the wwww wwwww microtubule Here is a structure of an example non hydrolyzable ATP analog ATP y S S O O 11 P P P HOOTO N NH N OH N OH OH OH OH If you added a non hydrolyzable ATP analog

B Based on what you know about how kinesin motor activity is regulated by ATP ADP and nucleotide release what do you think would happen if you added only ADP to this experiment rather than ATP Would the kinesin ever bind the MT Would you observe the kinesin walking on the microtubule The movie 17 7 in the movies folder in Moodle might be helpful for this question

In this diagram of a salt wedge estuary which layer is the halocline Press the hotspot to show your answer Seawater Types of Estuaries 15 10 33 O O River water 5 Salt wedge estuary

To stereotype someone is to judge the person not as an individual but as part of a group whose members are thought to be all alike O True O False

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The trouble with indicting President Trump is this If we start going after him next we ll be going after President Biden President Obama senators representatives governors Pretty soon no elected official will be safe from partisan attack This is a classic example of a fallacy called O Slippery Slope O Hasty Generalization O Faulty Analogy

You should buy an iPhone They re great I bought last year and it has given me nothing but flawless performance Begging the question O Faulty Analogy O Hasty Generalization Slippery Slope

Handsome Paul doesn t talk about his political views He s got to be either a Democrat or a Republican And he certainly is no Republican So he must be a Democrat Which fallacy is involved in this argument O Slippery Slope O False Dilemma O Hasty Genealization palem

It is in every case immoral to lie to someone even if the lie could save a life Even in extreme circumstances a lie is still a lie All lies are immoral because the very act of prevarication in all circumstances is contrary to ethical principles This is a classic fallacy of O Appeal to Tradition Begging the question O Hasty Generalization

It rains a lot in Vancouver Canada during the summer I know because I spent two weekends in Vancouver last summer and both times it rained like cats and dogs O Slippery Slope O Hasty O False Alternatives Generalization

Which of the following descriptions best captures the difference between a euphemism and a dysphemism O A euphemism is employed to create a negative effect on a reader s attitude and a dysphemism is employed to create a positive effect on a reader s attitude O A dysphemism is employed to create a negative effect on a reader s attitude and a euphemism is employed to create a positive effect on a reader s attitude O A cuphemism is a form of rhetoric but a dysphemism is not O A dysphemism is a form of rhetoric but a euphemism is not

Car Salesman Look you can either spend some money and get this elegant sports car or you can continue driving that rust bucket you came in with Really don t you think you deserve better O Hasty Generalization O False Dilemma O Slippery Slope O Faulty Analogy

Would you have voted for President Trump if you knew that he had cheated on his tax This question contains an example of O innuendo stereotype O Slippery slope

No one objects to a lawyer looking up a legal case during a trial Why then shouldn t students be permitted to look up an answer during an exam O Begging the Question O Slippery Slope O Faulty Analogy False Dilemma

All Jews are tight with their money Identify the rhetorical device involved here O Innuendo O Begging the question Stereotype

Abortion is the unjustified killing of a human being and as such is murder Murder is illegal So abortion should be illegal What fallacy is involved here O False Dilemma O Begging the question

Uniforms are required in many public service occupations Police Officers and Firefighters for example are required to wear uniforms on the job Elementary school teachers hold public service positions Isn t it reasonable to require them to wear uniforms too O Hasty Generalization O False Alternatives O Appeal to Ignorance O Faulty Analogy

President Obama says the tax increase is for revenue enhancement The phrase revenue enhancement is a O Euphemism O Hasty Generalization O Dysphemism WAPEN for tax increase

People who support the Hamas government may refer to those fighting against the government as rebels or terrorists Identify the rhetorical device involved here O Euphemism Hasty generalization

This rhetorical device allows someone to insinuate something deprecatory or demeaning about someone or something without explicitly saying it O Hasty Generalization O Innuendo

Three of the ten finalists in this year s essay contest came from Fayetteville State University They must really have a great writing program I think I ll transfer my children there O Faulty Analogy O Slippery Slope O Begging the Question

Question 1 Paul to student Look I know you were in a car accident But if I give you a make up exam then next thing you know anyone who s sick will want to take a make up Then before you know it anyone who would prefer to go to the beach or watch a ball game during class will want a make up too

Seen below is a longitudinal section of a moss capsule containing spores What is the ploidy of the structures indicated by number 27 22 7 3 Time left 0 15