Chemical Bonding Questions and Answers

What is the percent yield of the thermite reaction, Fe₂O3(s) + 2Al(s)→2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s), if only 4.73 g of iron are obtained from 3.03 g of aluminum and excess iron(III) oxide? 53.5% 82.2% 64.8% 75.4%

When considering an electronic configuration, the completed transition series electrons are those an atom has in common with the previous noble gas and any Oshielded (least penetrated) inner (core) Schrödinger outer (valence) principled (noble)

Aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and sodium phosphate are mixed together, forming solid silver phosphate and aqueous sodium nitrate, Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. Phases are optional.

Draw the orbital diagram for nickel (Ni). How many unpaired electrons does Ni have and is Ni paramagnetic or diamagnetic? 0; paramagnetic 0; diamagnetic 2; paramagnetic 2; diamagnetic 3; paramagnetic

For each of the following molecules give the total number of valence electrons and draw Lewis structure: A. IF4 B. SIO2

Given the following heats of reaction under standard conditions, what heat of reaction is expected for the reaction: H₂(g) + S(s)→ H₂S(g) Given: 2 H₂S(g) + 3 O₂(g) →2 SO₂(g) + 2 H₂O(g) AH-1038 kJ 2 H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2 H₂O(g) AH = - 484 kJ S(s) + O₂(g) → SO₂(g) AH = -297 kJ

Which member of each pair is less metallic? (a) I or O (b) Be or Ba (c) Se or Ge

Draw the Lewis structures for the following molecules to answer the questions. I. BH3 II. SF6 III. NO₂ IV. PC15 V. 03 Indicate the number(s) I to IV to answer the following questions. a. Which molecule(s) show(s) the expanded octet? b. Which molecule(s) show(s) resonance structures?

Select the true statement about H₂Se a. The total number of valence electrons H₂Se is 8 b. The electron geometry of H₂Se is tetrahedral c. There are 2 lone pairs on Se d. All of the above statements are true

Match each of the given theories with its definition. : A model that attempts to reconcile the shapes of molecules with those of atomic orbitals through the concepts of orbital overlap and hybridization. A model explaining that the shapes of molecules and ions result from minimizing electron-pair repulsions around a central atom. A model that describes a molecule as a collection of nuclei and electrons in which the electrons occupy orbitals that extend over the entire molecule.

Describe the hybrid orbitals used by the central atom(s) and the type(s) of bonds formed in SO₂. Hybridization: Number of bonds:

Consider the methyl (CH3) anion. What is the central atom? Enter its chemical symbol. 0 How many lone pairs are around the central atom? What is the ideal angle between the carbon-hydrogen bonds? Compared to the ideal angle, you would expect the actual angle between the carbon-hydrogen bonds to be...

In his essay "Common Sense," Paine has quoted the following lines - "Never can true reconcilement grow where wounds of deadly hate have pierced so deep" - Whose words are these? James Madison Hamilton Milton Shakespeare

Consider the following equilibrium: CH₂(g) + H₂O(g) = CO(g) + 3 H₂(g). When 1.00 M CH4 and 1.00 M H₂O are placed in a reaction vessel at 1400.0 K, their equilibrium concentrations are 0.530 M. Calculate Kp at 1400 K.(Hint- Calculate Kc first then calculate Kp)

Because both tin and carbon are members of Group 4A(14), they form structurally similar compounds. However, tin exhibits a greater variety of structures because it forms several ionic species. Predict the shape and ideal bond angle, including any deviations, for SnCl₂. Shape: trigonal pyramidal trigonal planar bent Ideal bond angle: degrees Expected angle deviation: smaller larger none

Guidelines for balancing a chemical reaction (again, take notes if needed). • Use coefficients only. Never change the subscripts to make it balance. • Balancing the atoms in the most complex substances first. • Save for last the atoms of simplest formulas (like pure elements). . There is a bit of trial and error, so do not worry if you have to erase. • Always check that it is balanced by comparing the number of atoms of each element of either side of the equation. H₂ + O₂H₂O Begin by balancing oxygen. Enter a coefficient in front of water to balance only the oxygen. balanced chemical reaction:

Determine the shape of the central atoms of the following molecule. N₂03 (ONNO₂) (a) Shape around N(1) (ON): tetrahedral trigonal planar bent (V-shaped) trigonal pyramidal (b) Shape around N(2) (NO₂): trigonal planar tetrahedral bent (V-shaped) trigonal bipyramidal

Draw a Lewis structure for one important resonance form of HBrO4 (HOBRO. Include all lone pair electrons in your structure. Do not include formal charges in your structure.

The energy of activation for the following reaction is 480 kJ/mol. 2. A (s) + 120 kJ/mol ------- B (g) + C(s) What is the energy of activation for: B(g) + C(s)------ 2 A(s)? 680 kJ/mol 480 kJ/mol 360 kJ/mol 600 kJ/mol 120 kJ/mol

4. Consider 03. a) How many valence electrons does O3 have? b) Draw the Lewis structure of 03. c) What is the formal charge of each atom? (to differentiate, label the oxygens as Oa, Ob, and Oc in your Lewis structure)

Consider the reaction 2 X--- A. B. C. ------ ---Y + Z with a rate constant 0.0025 s-1 at 25 °C. How long will it take to lower the initial concentration of X from 2.50 M to 1.25 M? 160 s 500 s 277 s D. E. 378 s 408 s

Be sure to answer all parts. Balance the following redox reaction and classify it as a combination, decomposition, or displacement reaction: Cr(NO3)3(aq) + Al(s)→→ AI(NO3)3(aq) + If a coefficient = 1, enter "1" in the provided box. Combination Decomposition Displacement Cr(s)

Be sure to answer all parts. Give the oxidation number of bromine in the following: (a) CBr4 (select) (b) BrF3 (select) (c) KBr (select) (d) HBrO4 (select)

Be sure to answer all parts. For each pair, choose the compound with the higher lattice energy. (a) CaO or Cas (select) C (b) BaO or SrO (select)

Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in the following: 2 MnO4- (aq) + 10 CI (aq) + 16 H(aq) → 5 Cl₂(g) + 2 Mn²+ (aq) +8 H₂O(l) Oxidizing agent: Reducing agent:

Be sure to answer all parts. Which type of bonding-ionic, covalent, or metallic-occurs in each of the following compounds? (a) CsF(s); (b) N₂(g); (c) Na(s). CsF N₂ Na

The energy of the C-C bond is 347 kJ/mol, and that of the CI-CI bond is 243 kJ/mol. Which of the following values might you expect for the C-Cl bond energy? 295 kJ/mol (average of the values given) 590 kJ/mol (sum of the values given) 339 kJ/mol (greater than the average of the values given) 104 kJ/mol (difference of the values given)

Be sure to answer all parts. Identify the main group to which X belongs in each ionic compound formula: (a) CaX₂ (b) Al₂X3 (c) XPO4

Identify the electric conductor. Cork Rubber Paper Steel

Be sure to answer all parts. Write the charge and full ground-state electron configuration of the monatomic ion most likely to be formed by Mg. Charge: Ground-state electron configuration:

Which of the following subatomic particles is found outside the nucleus of an atom? Electron Proton Neutron Nucleus

Select all that apply. The hot glowing gases around the Sun, the corona, can reach millions of degrees Celsius, high enough to remove many electrons from gaseous atoms. Iron ions with charges as high as 14+ have been observed in the corona. Which ions from Fe+ to Fe¹4+ are paramagnetic?

Are the bonds in each of the following substances ionic, nonpolar covalent, or polar covalent? (a) KCI (b) P4 (c) BF3 (d) SO₂ (e) Br₂ (f) NO₂

Which part (H or O or C) of a methanol molecule is attracted to cations? To Anions?

A newly discovered element called Adamantium has 3 known isotopes. The isotopic mass and abundances are: Adamantium-87, 45.2%, Adamantium-88, 43.1% and Adamantium-91, 11.7% What is the atomic mass of Adamantium that would be seen on the Periodic Table to one decimal place?

In this question, Duranium (Du) is a fictional Non-Metal, with the formula for the polyatomic oxyanion Duranate being DuO32. With this information, name the following Oxyacid: H₂DuO Explain how you came up with your name below for full marks.

The continuous flow of electrons in an electric circuit is called battery Insulator conductor electric current

Decide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, if the molecule were HCl and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd enter "H" in the last column of the table.

Arrange the highlighted bonds in the table below in decreasing order of polarity. That is, pick 1 for the most polar bond, pick 2 for the next most polar bond, and so on.

24) The net ionic equation for precipitation of CaCO3 when aqueous solutions of Na2CO3 and CaCl2 are mixed is__ A) 2Na+ (aq) + CO32- (aq) - → Na2CO3 (aq) B) 2Na+ (aq) + 2Cl- (aq) - → 2NaCl (aq) C) Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) → NaCl (aq) D) Ca²+ (aq) + CO32- (aq) → CaCO3 (s) E) Na2CO3 (aq) + Ca (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + CaCO3 (s)

Consider the following species when answering the following questions: (1) PC13 (ii) CCl4 (iii) TeCl4 (iv) XeF4 (v) SF6 4) For which of the molecules is the molecular geometry (shape) the same as the VSEPR electron domain arrangement (electron domain geometry)? A) (i) and (ii) B) (i) and (iii) C) (ii) and (v) D) (iv) and (v) E) (v) only

The atomic size of atoms increases going across a period does not change going across a period none of the above decreases going down within a group decreases going across a period

What is the character of the nitrogen-oxygen bonds in the real NO3 molecule? a. exactly like a double bonds b. between a single and double bond c. more like a triple bond d. exactly like a single bonds

Which of the following compounds contain covalent bond? C6H12O6 MgO AlCl3 LIF

Draw all resonance structures for the ozone molecule, 03.

Why do you need to know the balanced chemical equation before calculating the amount of a compound needed to neutralize an acid or a base?

Imagine two balloons filled with equal volumes of air at room temperature. One balloon is placed in a refrigerator, and one is set on a table at room temperature. What will happen to each balloon?

If Ca (Calcium) forms an ionic bond with S (Sulfur), what is the correct ratio of calcium to sulfur? (How many do you need of each to neutralize their charges to zero?) A 1:2, or Ca= 1 S=2 B 1:1, or Ca-1 and S=1 c) 2:1, or Ca-2 S=1 D) 2:3, or Ca=2 and S=3

What is true if a liquid and a gas are in equilibrium? A. The number of liquid molecules and the number of gas molecules vary. B. The liquid molecules stay liquid, and the gas molecules stay gas. C. Liquid molecules are continually forming to replace escaping gas molecules. D. Liquid molecules forming a gas and gas molecules forming a liquid are equal in number.

Write a net ionic equation to show that nitrous acid, HNO₂, behaves as an acid in water.