Anatomy and Physiology Questions

In Alzheimer s disease aggregates of tau form O amyloid plaques Olewy bodies synuclein

The intracellular stimulus for secretion of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft is an increase in chloride ion levels sodium ion levels calcium ion levels potassium ion levels

B

Which of the following sentences from the transcript Address to the Nation on Central America by President Ronald Reagan indicates a claim America may never have been born without the help and support of the freedom loving people of Europe They said in words that will live forever in the history of gratitude Lafayette we are here This is how democracy was built with one country one people helping another in their hour of greatest peril All of the choices

3 Make three diagrams from memory of the human ear showing a the outer ear b the middle ear and c the inner ear Label as many of the principal parts as you can

Examine the Paranthropus robustus mandible below This is a cast of another specimen found from South African Drimolen Mark all that apply below It s front teeth incisors are tiny Especially compared to the Australopithecus specimens above That is most robust aka the beefiest mandible ever If you like a strong jaw Paranthropus may be the one for you All that bone around the teeth really helped the teeth stay secure while doing heavy chewing O Those back teeth the molars are ridiculously huge and flat with thick enamel It s like is has its own built in grinding stones Must have been eating lots of hard and gritty foods It has a 2 1 2 3 dental formula but dang of those premolars are nearly as broad and flat as the molars It s so specialized in this adaptation towards harder foods

All of this robusticity helps Paranthropus do heavy chewing and grinding Aren t you glad YOUR ancestors invented a knife O This specimen has gracile zygomatics for small cheek and mandible muscles This species lacks a saggital crest it barely needed to chew much

It has big molars But not as big as Paranthropus Australopithecus is not a hominoid so it only has 2 molars These teeth don t have particularly high or tall cusps pointy mountainy things on teeth surfaces It easy to see how some members of this population could have evolved in to Paranthropus because of some of the traite count mandible broad molars and premolar are

Here is a cast of our probable hominin Sahalenthropus tchadensis from Chad Mark all that apply See all the cracking and distortion on this specimen That makes it difficult to the cranium reconstruct well See that heavy brow ridge Rather ape like isn t it The foramen magnum is really the only features on the cranium that might indicate can t see much of it here So alar it

List two reasons why fossil context can be important for understanding evolutionary questions about that fossil

There are several costs to sexual reproduction It can be energetically expensive to find a mate you can get a disease from a mate that might render you infertile or kill you and then on top of that you ONLY pass on half of your DNA Why not just asexually reproduce Well the benefits of sexual reproduction typically out weight the costs What is an EVOLUTIONARY benefit of sexual reproduction I don t want to hear about how fun you think sex is or how happy it makes you those are not evolutionary benefits

Fossils mark all that apply are likely to preserve best in buried stable environments O can all be carbon dated have preserved evenly throughout the earth s history All life is represented in the fossil record Oare organic tissues leaves bones shells etc where the organic components have slowly been replaced with inorganic mineral time

Match the dating method with the kind of materials and events they date C 14 dating Carbon dating Argon Argon dating Ar 40 AR 39 Paleomagnetic dating Biostratigraphic dating Choose Choose Choose Choose associated animal fossils and those animals known time ranges the organism and when it died

Collectively humans as a species have spent the majority of our evolutionary history O farming O hunting animals and foraging for plant foods getting food from the grocery store or through trade not getting enough nutrients

The Grandmother Hypothesis seeks to explain why mark all that apply humans typically have litters of offspring humans have the capacity to live past reproductive age human grandparents do not contribute resources to their grandchildren O only female family members participate in child rearing

Type your answer in the blank below she is just unlucky and there is nothing she can do about it so she stops putting forth any effort This behavior is due to Destiny believing the world determines what happens in her life Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt v Paragraph v BIU A 2 T 2451 E V To B x

Working Memory holding information in mind while solving a problem starts to decline in late adulthood define term and give an example of what that would look like for YOU when you reach late adulthood Are there symptoms you will need to look out for What planning might you have to do regarding term as you get closer to late adulthood What are your expectations

What Are Some Physical Changes and Health Issues in Late Adulthood

All of the following sentences from the text support the author s point that black soldiers faced discrimination EXCEPT Black soldiers served in artillery and infantry and performed all noncombat support functions that sustain an army as well Because of prejudice against them black units were not used in combat as extensively as they might have been Black soldiers were initially paid 10 per month from which 3 was automatically deducted for clothing In contrast white soldiers received 13 per month from w no clothing allowance was drawn Although the threat generally restrained the Confederates black captives were typically treated more harshly than whites

Over the course of the text what do readers learn about black troops during the Civil War Black soldiers were an important part of the Union Army during the war but they were forced to return to slavery when the war ended Black soldiers had very little impact on the outcome of the Civil War but they were celebrated as heroes The positive impact of black soldiers led Congress to change the unfair pay and compensation policies giving black soldiers equal compensation Black soldiers were granted full citizenship for fighting in the Union Army

What is the author s MAIN purpose in this text To inform readers about the significant disparity in the way black soldiers were treated compared to white soldie To show how black soldiers in the Union Army brought about freedom for all black slaves To highlight Frederick Douglass impact on freedom for all black slaves To highlight Lincoln s influence in changing policies regarding black soldiers in the Union Army

PART B Which detail from the text best supports the answer to Part A By the end of the Civil War roughly 179 000 black men 10 of the Union Army served as soldiers in the U S Army and another 19 000 served in the Navy Paragraph 4 The Lincoln administration wrestled with the idea of authorizing the recruitment of black troops concerned that such a move would prompt the border states to secede Paragraph 2 Racial discrimination was prevalent even in the North and discriminatory practices permeated the U S Military Paragraph 6 The July 1863 assault on Fort Wagner SC in which the 54th Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers lost two thirds of their officers and half of their troops was memoriably dramatized in the film Glory Paragraph 5

PART B Which quote from the text best supports the answer to Part A the threat generally restrained the Confederates Paragraph 7 Confederate Congress threatened to punish severely officers of black troops Paragraph Confederate soldiers shot to death black Union soldiers Paragraph 7 Black soldiers received the same rations and supplies Paragraph 6 0000

What is the meaning of the word retroactive as it is used in paragraph possible backward applying to the past

PART A What is the meaning of heinous in paragraph 7 forgiving evil fictitious startling

Short answer questions Each question is worth 4 points You may need to do an internet search 46 Why when a person eats a meal and it reaches the stomach it can stimulate a bowel movement shortly after eating the meal What is the name of this reflex 47 What happens to the esophagus in GERD and what sphincter is involved 48 Why is Irritable Bowel Syndrome termed a functional disorder 49 What is the difference between a gastroscopy and a colonoscopy 50 Which cancer has the worst prognosis when discovered pancreatic or colon Can you postulate a reason why

Review the two examples of physical agility standards for different police departments below Physical Agility Standards 1 Physical Agility Standards 2 For this discussion you will need to write a 300 word response to the disparities in physical agility standards How do you feel about having different physical standards for male and female applicants You can also incorporate other related resources

Questions 36 to 45 are matching Match the enzyme with its function You can use letters more than once A Lactase B Sucrase C Pepsin D Secretin E Trypsin F Hydrochloric acid G Carboxypeptidase H Aminopeptidase I Cholecystokinin J Gastrin K Chymotrypsin 36 Secreted from parietal cells and assists in the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin 37 The deficiency results in individuals having intestinal gas after eating cheese and drinking milk 38 Causes an increase in stomach motility and assists in causing secretion from parietal cells 39 A proteolytic enzyme released from the pancreas that cleaves peptide bonds from the carboxyl side of the amino acid lysine or arginine 40 A proteolytic enzyme released from the pancreas that cleaves peptide bonds when the carboxyl side of the amide bond is a tyrosine tryptophan or phenylalanine 41 An enzyme that breaks the glycosidic bond between glucose and fructose 42 An exopeptidase that acts on the amino end of a protein or polypeptide 43 An exopeptidase that acts on the carboxyl end of a protein or polypeptide 44 Can cause contraction of the gallbladder to release bile 45 Causes secretion of bicarbonate and other electrolytes from the pancreatic ducts

A Colon propulsion of feces towards the small intestine water absorption B Colon propulsion of feces towards the anus water absorption C Colon propulsion of feces towards the anus food absorption D Colon propulsion of feces towards the anus protein digestion E None of the above Questions 26 to 35 are matching Match the enzyme with its secretion organ source You can use letter more than once A Mouth B Esophagus C Stomach D Small Intestine E Large Intestine F Liver G Pancreas 26 Lactase 27 Sucrase 28 Pepsinogen 29 Secretin 30 Trypsinogen 31 Hydrochloric Acid 32 Procarboxypeptidase 33 Aminopeptidase 34 Cholecystokinin 35 Gastrin

B 3 gastric cephalic intestinal C 3 cephalic intestinal gastric D 3 cephalic gastric intestinal E None of the above Digestive System Test Dr Clark Student Name Each of the first 45 questions are worth 2 points Each of the 5 short answer questions are worth 4 points The total test is worth 110 points 24 The small intestine is where A 4 All digestion occurs all secretion occurs and occur

19 The process of motility pushes food down the by the pushes food directly into the 20 The the nervous system The last part of the The superior region of the nervous system A Emesis nasopharynx segmentation trachea trachea somatic trachea autonomic B Emesis laryngopharynx peristalsis esophagus esophagus autonomic esophagus somatic C Deglutition laryngopharynx peristalsis esophagus esophagus autonomic esophagus somatic D Deglutition nasopharynx peristalsis esophagus esophagus autonomic esophagus somatic E Deglutition oropharynx peristalsis esophagus esophagus somatic esophagus autonomic nervous system secretes the neurotransmitter nervous system secretes the neurotransmitter A Parasympathetic serotonin sympathetic acetylcholine B Parasympathetic acetylcholine sympathetic bradykinin C Parasympathetic acetylcholine sympathetic norepinephrine D Parasympathetic epinephrine sympathetic norepinephrine E None of the above 21 The A Sympathetic parasympathetic B Parasympathetic sympathetic accelerates gut activity and the C Somatic sympathetic D Parasympathetic somatic E None of the above is controlled is controlled by the 22 The function of the stomach is to perform all the following except A Absorption of nutrients B Secretion of enzymes C Protein digestion D HCI release and the decreases gut activity

17 The function of the mouth is to perform are responsible for digestion 18 After mouth the and and A Digestion chyme esophagus B Digestion bolus esophagus C Digestion chyme oropharynx D Digestion bolus oropharynx E None of the above Mouth enzymes catabolize A Chemical mechanical enzymes mechanical Chemical the teeth proteins lipids B Chemical mechanical enzymes chemical Mechanical the teeth carbohydrates lipids C Chemical mechanical enzymes chemical Mechanical the teeth nucleic acids proteins D Chemical mechanical enzymes chemical Mechanical the teeth nucleic acids lipids E None of the above occurs the food is in the digestion The digestion is performed by form and directly enters

1 123 4567 8 68 9 10 11 234566 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 PAMERA 22 23 2 3

A Mouth B Oropharynx C Esophagus D Stomach E Duodenum F Appendix G Ascending Colon H Transverse Colon I Descending Colon J Sigmoid Colon K Rectum L Anus M Liver N Gallbladder O Parotid Salivary Gland P Submandibular salivary gland Q Tongue R Oral Cavity S Cecum T Hepatopancreatic Duct 6 The structure labelled number 3 is 7 The structure labelled number 4 is 8 The structure labelled number 5 is 9 The structure labelled number 6 is 10 The structure labelled number 7 is 11 The structure labelled number 8 is 12 The structure labelled number 9 is 13 The structure labelled number 10 is 14 The structure labelled number 11 is 15 The structure labelled number 12 is 16 The structure labelled number 13 is

digestive organ A Liver alimentary canal duodenum accessory B Pancreas alimentary canal duodenum accessory C Duodenum alimentary canal ileum accessory D Duodenum alimentary canal liver accessory E None of the above 2 The anatomical order of the alimentary canal is A Mouth oropharynx esophagus stomach small intestine colon large intestine rectum anus B Mouth esophagus oropharynx stomach small intestine colon anus rectum C Mouth stomach oropharynx esophagus small intestine large intestine recturn anus D Mouth oropharynx esophagus stomach large intestine small intestine rectum anus E None of the above 3 Food enters the stomach at its to the then the then the A Cardia fundus body pyloric antrum pyloric canal duodenum pylorus B Fundus pyloric canal cardia pyloric antrum body duodenum pylorus C Antrum body cardia pyloric antrum ileum pylorus pyloric canal D Pyloric canal Pyloric antrum pylorus cardia body jejunum fundus E None of the above 4 Food exiting the mouth into the the is in the form of A Stomach bolus mouth chyme B Anus bolus stomach chyme C Rectum bolus chyme D Oropharynx bolus stomach chyme E None of the above portion then passes to the and exits into the is in the form of a then passes through the but food exiting

5 Gastrointestinal motility includes which causes which causes and A Segmentation waves food to move backward and forward peristalsis food to move along the tract distally B Peristalsis waves food to move backward and forward segmentation food to move along the tract distally C Rippling waves food to move backward and forward segmentation food to move along the tract distally D Propulsion waves food to move backward and forward peristalsis food to move along the tract distally E None of the above

Voting Amendments Create a chart poem rap or anything you want that can help you remember how each of these amendments expanded voting rights 15 19 23 24 and 26

24 urine output 1500 ml 1 5 liter Plasma creatinine concentration 1 2 milligram per deciliter Urine creatinine concentration 150 milligrams per deciliter Cardiac Output 5 Liters per minute Blood hematocrit 50 NOTE There are 1440 minutes in a day 31 Calculate the renal blood flow if renal blood flow is 25 of cardiac output Calculate in ml per minute 32 Calculate the renal plasma flow in milliliters ml per minute 33 Calculate the GFR Glomerular Filtration Rate in terms of milliliters ml per minute using the Creatinine Clearance Formula CC UxV P CC Creatinine clearance U Urine Concentration of Creatinine P Plasma Concentration of Creatinine V Volume of urine urinated out in a day in terms of milliliters ml per minute

26 Clinicians examine the concentrations of two chemicals in the blood that best reflect the status of kidney functioning these are A Creatinine and BUN 8 Potassium and BUN C Sodium and Potassium D Calcium and Potassium E Glucose and Amino Acids 27 The appearance of glucose in the urine A Occurs normally B Only occurs in the presence of kidney disease C Occurs when the transport carriers for glucose become saturated D Is a result of hypoglycemia E None of the above 28 Which of these factors oppose s filtration from the glomerulus A Plasma ancatic pressure B Hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular Bowman s capsule C Plasma hydrostatic pressure D Both A and B E Bath B and C 29 Aldosterone stimulates sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the A Proximal convoluted tubule B Descending limb of the nephron Henle loop C Ascending limb of the nephron Henle loop D Cortical Collecting Duct C None of the above 30 Antidiuretic Hormone ADH promotes the retention of water in the body by A Causing active transport of water B Causing active transport of chloride C Causing active transport of sodium D Causing a change in the permeability to water in the cortical collecting duct E Decreasing the amount of aquaporins in the cortical collection dur

16 The correct sequence of blood vessels in jantaneed llery inner cortical nephrons is A Renal artery segmental arteries interlobar arteries arcuate arteries cortical radiate artery afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole peritubular capillaries vasa recta cortical radiate veins ancuate veins interlobar veln renal vein B Renal artery segmental arteries interlobar arteries arcuate arteries afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriale vasa recta arcuate veins arcuate veins interlobar vein renal vein C Renal artery interlobar arteries segmental arteries arcuate arteries afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole vasa recta arcuate veins arcuate veins interlobar vein renal vein D Renal artery interlobar arteries segmental arteries afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole vasa recta arcuate veins arcuate veins interlobar vein renal vein E Renal artery interlobar arteries segmental arteries arcuate arteries afferent arteriole efferent arteriole vasa recta arcuate veins arcuate veins interlobar vein renal vein loops and the length of the loop provides 17 The A outer cortical longest less B mid cortical longest more C inner cortical shortest less nephrons have the concentration of the urine D inner cortical longest more E inner cortical shortest less D 4 E S 18 In the nephron actions are responsible for forming urine A 1 B 2 C3 19 In the renal corpuscle A Filtration B Reabsorption C Secretion D Filtration and secretion E None of these processes 20 All glucose reabsorption accurs in the A glomerulus B proximal convoluted tubule C Lopp of Henle occurs

21 The ascending loop of Henle is A very B minimally C slightly D semi E Not at all 22 The juxtaglomerular cells secrete A Juntaglomerular macula densa juxtaglomerular cells renin B juxtaglomerular macula densa jantaglomenilar cells angiotensin C juxtaglomerular glomerulus juntaglomenalar cells angiotensin D juxtaglomerular macula densac loop of Henle angiotensin E juxtaglomenular macula densa collecting duct angiotensin apparatus is composed of the B respiratory alkalosis C metabolic acidosis permeable to water The two systems most responsible for acid base control they are the respiratory and urinary systems Thus questions on acid base balance D respiratory acidosis E normal blood gas values 23 The arterial blood gas results show a pH of 7 6 PaCO2 of 54 and bicarbonate HCO elevated A metabolic alkalosis B respiratory alkalosis Cmetabolic acidosis and D respiratory acidosis F normal blood gas values The 24 The arterial blood gas results show a pll of 7 6 PaCO2 of 22 and bicarbonate HCO normal A metabolic alkalosis B respiratory alkalosis C metabolic acidosis D respiratory acidosis E normal blood gas values 25 The arterial blood gas results show ap of 7 3 PaCO of 54 and bicarbonate HCO normal A metabolic alkalosis

A 5 15 B 0 10 C 10 20 D 15 25 E 20 65 12 100 of A water sodium B filtered bicarbonate unfiltered bicarbonate C glucose vitamins D chloride potassium E Nothing is 100 reabsorbed in the PCT 13 Secretion is removing certain unwanted substances from the blood that were not able to be filtered at the A JG cell tubular cell B left right kidneys C glomerulus Bowman s capsule D Loop of Henle PCT E None of the above 14 A 20 30 B 1 10 C 10 20 D 2 4 C 20 65 D k and to 15 The collecting ducts absorb A water sodium water ures C water vitamins D chloride patassium E None of the above is reabsorbed in the PCT of HCO is reabsorbed in the Loop of Henle and

6 The kidneys lie in a A peritoneal anterior B peritoneal posterior C retroperitoneal superior D retroperitoneal inferior E none of the above 7 and A afferent efferent B anterior posterior C inferior superior D lateral oblique E bigger smaller 8 The right kidney is A lower liver B higher liver C smaller liver D bigger liver E None of the above position in the 10 The lateral surface is A bigger smaller B smaller bigger C convex concave D concave convex E None of the above arterioles affer high resistance to blood flow 9 The distal convoluted tubule DCT is not permeable to A water sodium B water urea C water vitamins D chloride potassium E None of the above lumbar region than the left because it is crowded by the the medial surface is and

Each matching and multiple choice question is worth 3 paints There are 30 of them so that is a total of 90 points The calculation questions are worth 20 points so the total test is worth 110 points These questions are matching See page 2 for the picture A Kidney Lobe B Renal pyramid C Renal Cortex D Renal Pelvis E Major calyx F Minor Calyx G Renal papilla H Renal artery L Renal Vein J Cortical Radiate arteries K Interlobar artery 1 What structure is label E 2 What structure is label D 3 What structure is label A 4 What structure is label L 5 What structure is label G A L G

LIIS assignment you will write a brief case vignette a short and descriptive piece of writing of a hypothetical client who meets the criteria for one of the disorders we have discussed in Lesson 6 2 As you complete this assignment please keep in mind these guidelines Your client should be 21 years of age or older Your case should be based on a hypothetical client no real people please Your case should be something you write yourself not something you borrow from a case study book or other sources such as a website Clients often meet the criteria for more than one DSM 5 diagnosis However for this assignment you are only to develop a case where a single diagnosis is appropriate As you prepare to write your case please complete each of the following steps 1 Select a disorder in the DSM 5 2 Carefully review all of the criteria i e the symptoms for your selected disorder 3 Write a case in which the majority of the required symptoms are reflected or present in your client Please make sure that you are clear and specific as you describe your client s struggles or symptoms imagine someone else is going to read your case to double check to make sure you assigned the right diagnosis 4 At the conclusion of the case identify the correct diagnosis by name 5 Provide a brief explanation as to why you feel your assigned diagnosis is appropriate or accurate Your case vignette must be typed double spaced with 12 point Times New Roman font with a required minimum of a 250 word response this does include steps 4 and 5 above

Identify the psychological perspective for the scenario and explain why the chosen perspective is correct Type your answer in the blank below Keenan uses illicit substances at a party after seeing the cool kids from school use them This behavior is due to Keenan wanting to imitate the behavior of the other kids hoping he will become popular too

Unit 2 Unit Test Written Response What were the three most important factors for the Spanish Conquest of the Americas in your answer make sure that you Develop a claim with three reasons Cite at least two different sources 4 Include information learned from the un Use the organizer below to help you prepare for the Written Response Final Bucketing Directions Choose one bucket from above to write about Create 3 new bucket labels that function as the reasons why you chose this answer Place docs in buckets that they support Reason 1 Reason 2 Reason 3 Source N Thesis Writing Question What were the three most important factors for the Spanish Conquest of the Amencas 2 Source 3 a Which document supports it a Which document supports it Source a Which document supports it My Thesis put it all together in a sentence

Which detail from the story best develops the central idea that Deople are more alike than they may appear to be Eventually he got married had children of his own and worked for years signing Turkish singers to a small record label O Now why don t you listen to Philip take your shoes off and have a shower You can feel out of place in a country in the place where you live or even in your own head Michelle thought Wearing a Pittsburgh Steelers sweatshirt and jeans with dark curls pushed back in a hair clip Michelle Ostood out from the crowd of nurses and caregivers in white pants and polo shirts who were standing huddled in the doorway of Erkan s room

Dementia Define the term and give an example of what that would look like for YOU when you reach late adulthood Are there symptoms you will need to look out for What planning might you have to do regarding term as you get closer to late adulthood What are your expectations

define each term and give an example of what that would look like for YOU when you reach late adulthood Are there symptoms you will need to look out for What planning might you have to do regarding each term as you get closer to late adulthood What are