Molecular Basis of Inheritance Questions and Answers

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceDuring the process of replication, a molecule of DNA unzips, forming two single strands. What makes up each individual strand of DNA?
A. nitrogenous bases attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone
B. paired thymine and guanine bases
C. paired adenine and uracil bases
D. sugar groups attached to individual amino acids

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceThe diagram below illustrates a process that can occur during cell division and results in an alteration in the composition of a chromosome. Each letter in the diagram represents a specific gene on the chromosome.
The diagram shows that a section of the chromosome was broken out and reinserted backwards. This is known as
A. Chromosomal Translocation
B. Chromosomal Insertion
C. Chromosomal Deletion
D. Chromosomal Inversion

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceWhich option below illustrates the DNA "Base Pairing Rule"?
G-C and A-T
Jack and Jill
G-C and A-U

Biology
Molecular Basis of Inheritance(8.3) Thirty-three percent of sea urchin DNA is composed of the nitrogenous base adenine (A). According to Erwin Chargaff, what
percent of the DNA is composed of guanine (G)?
a 17%
b 66%
c 33%
d 8%

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceIn a DNA double helix, a region along one strand of DNA has the following sequence:
5'- GCCTAATC-3'
What is the complementary sequence?
A. 3'-GCCTAATC-5'
B. 5'-CGGAUUAG-3'
C. 5'-CGGATTAG-3'
D. 3'-CGGATTAG-5'

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceIf double stranded DNA has 14% G (guanine), what percent A (adenine), T (thymine) and C (cytosine) would you expect?
A. A = 14%, T = 36 % and C=36%
B. C=14%, A= 36% and T=36%
C. A= 14%, T=14% and C= 14%
D. A 14%, T=36% and C=14%

Biology
Molecular Basis of Inheritance(8.2) Watson and Crick published a paper that shows DNA was a double helix made of complementary strands. Which means that if one strand is CTATGT, the other
strand would be
a GATACA
b CTATGT
c GATCCA

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceWhich of the following statements explains the relationship that is most similar to the relationship between genes and chromosomes?
Directions for building a structure
Stairs going to the second floor
Sails that powers the boat
Fur covering a polar bear

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceSelect all of the following genotypes that is/are homozygous?
A ZZ
B ZZ
c Aa
D AA
E aa
F ZZ

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceQ2A: Knowing how the ara operon is being regulated when only Arabinose is present, which of
the following conclusions can you make based on your results? Select all that apply (2 marks).
(a) The fluorescence intensity increases as the concentration of Arabinose increases. This
results from high transcription of pGLO plasmid DNA.
(b) Glucose concentration does not affect RNAP binding to the PBAD promoter.
(c) The low level of fluorescence in AOGO suggests that the change in fluorescence is caused
by the Arabinose treatment.
(d) If glucose was present, there will be high transcription.

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceZoe is a healthy young woman who is researching her ancestry. She sent a DNA sample to a company to have her genes analyzed. The results show
that a large percentage of her ancestors came from an area of South America bordering the equator. Her results also revealed that she carried the
Sickle Cell Trait. How will having the Sickle Cell Trait influence Zoe's future health status?
Multiple Choice
Zoe's bone marrow will start to make fragile, sickle-shaped erythrocytes.
Zoe start to experi regular periods of fatigue, dizziness, pale skin, and lightheadedness.
The rate of destruction of Zoe's erythrocytes will be faster than her body's ability to make new erythrocytes.
Zoe will be healthy and not experience any type of adverse effects from having the Sickle Cell Trait.

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceDue to gene interactions, pigment in mouse fur is only produced when the W allele is present. Individuals of the ww genotype
are white. If color is present, it may be determined by the A, a alleles. AA or Aa results in agouti color, while ad results in black
coats.
a) What F1 genotypic and phenotypic ratios are obtained from a Pgen cross between AAWW and aaww mice?
b) What phenotypic ratios would be expected in the F2 generation of the above Pgen cross?

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceYou want to search for latent prints on a styrofoam cup. What type of fingerprint processing will you use? *
Ninhydrin
Super glue / Cyanoacrylate
Amido Black
Black or Magnetic Fingerprint Powder

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceHelicases are proteins that "unzip" double stranded DNA to produce two, unbound single-strands of DNA. Some helicases initially bind to double-stranded DNA, while other helicases initially bind to single-stranded DNA and then unzip the double-stranded DNA in front of them. Viruses are particularly dependent on helicases for viral replication. What features in DNA would be recognized by each of these two classes of helicases that would allow them to be specific?

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceWhy is cancer growth dependent on an increased number of blood vessels?
a) All options are correct
b) To shield the tumor from immune cells
c) To increase the tumor's stability
d) To supply the tumor with oxygen and nutrients

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceVocab: match the definition or description to the correct pattern of genetics.
Column A
.Show changes in chromosomes such as
Down syndrome
Human skin color and eye color
both traits are fully and separately
expressed
Blending the ingredients of a fruit
smoothie
Column B
a. codominance
b. incomplete dominance
c. polygenic traits
d. multiple alleles
e. pedigree
f. karyotype

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceWhich technique would you use to separate proteins by charge?
a) Size exclusion chromatography
b) PCR
c) Sonication
d) lon exchange chromatography

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceWhat does it usually mean when an actin filament has an ATP cap?
The actin filament has actin covalently bound to ATP via a phosphodiester bond at
the plus end.
The actin filament has additional ATP molecules added onto its actin-ATP units at
the plus end to stabilize the filament and prevent dynamic instability.
The actin filament has additional ATP molecules added onto its actin-ATP units at
the plus end to stabilize the filament and prevent treadmilling.
The actin filament has actin bound to ATP at the plus end.

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceRecombination within which type of inversion heterozygote results in a dicentric
chromosome? Why does a dicentric chromosome not form in the other type of inversion
heterozygote. You must explain in enough detail to tell me you know what you're talking about.

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceWhich statement below about nucleotides is TRUE?
Base pairing occurs between the 5' and 3' carbons of the sugar in a nucleotide.
A deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) consists of three DNA nucleotides attached together.
In a nucleotide, the base is either deoxyribose (in DNA) or ribose (in RNA).
A nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceYou are in the lab and you are working with a single neuron (Good job, you neuroscientist!). You expose the dendrites to some neurotransmitters and detect some depolarization in the cell body. However, you observe no action potential. What should you do differently to see an action potential?
Expose the axon hillock to the neurotransmitters.
Get a new neuron. This one is busted.
Increase the concentration of neurotransmitter given.
Add more chloride ions to the extracellular fluid.

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceWhich of the following statements is
correct for a transmembrane protein
being translated by an ER-bound
ribosome?
There must be a nuclear localization
signal.
There must be multiple start-transfer
sequences.
There must be an N-terminal signal
sequence.
There must be an N-terminal or internal
signal sequence.

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceThe Repressor protein...
A. attaches to the operator region and blocks GFP gene transcription
B. is inactivated by the sugar arabinose
C. is activated by the sugar arabinose
D. attaches to the promoter of the GFP gene and blocks transcription
A and B

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceWhich of the following is known as the "translator molecule"?
ribosome
mRNA
amino acid
tRNA
DNA

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceMatch the statements in the left with the type of gene transfer in the right.
Gene transfer between cells of different generation
Gene transfer as a plasmid between two Gram-negative bacteria connected though pilus
Gene transfer between two bacteria mediated by a bacteriophage
Gene transfer between two bacteria mediated by naked DNA in solution
Introduction of a plasmid containing the human insulin gene in Escherichia coli

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceRecombinant E. coli that contain the plasmid PGLO will only glow in a medium containing...
ampicillin
repressor
GFP gene
arabinose
all of the above

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceWhich of the following statements is FALSE?
a. A prophage is phage DNA inserted into a bacterial chromosome.
b. A prophage can "pop" out of the chromosome.
c. A prophage may result in new properties of the host cell.
d. A prophage is phage RNA inserted into a bacterial chromosome.

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceA frame-shift mutation can generate:
A. A non-functional protein
B. A longer mutated protein
C. A shorter protein
D. A mutated protein with a different 3D shape
E. All of the above
I select this option because...

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceWhich one of these statements is correct? Read VERY carefully
A. During transcription, all the DNA molecule is transcribed to one mRNA
B. Ribosomes start translation at the AUG codon in the tRNA
C. Ribosomes always translate all the nucleotides in the mRNA into proteins
D. The mechanism of DNA replication is conservative
E. All these statements are false

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceIf a mutation happens in the DNA that changes the T at base 10 to a C:
a) What would be the mutated sequence of nucleotides in the corresponding codon in the mRNA and the anticodon in the tRNA?
mRNA codon: Changes from__.
tRNA anticodon: Changes from
b) What is the effect of this mutation on the sequence of amino acids in a protein? Be very specific and explain WHY changes or does not change

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceWhat is/are required for the RNA poltmerase to be able to transcribe the 3 inducible enzymes in the Lac Operon?
A. Lactose should be present
B. Glucose should be absent
C. Glucose should be present
A and B
A and C

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceWhile in the Inducible Operon the repressor is synthesized already in active form (i.e. ready to bind to the operator), in the Repressible Operon the repressor is synthesized in an inactive form (i.e. unable to bind to the operator unless the "correpresor tryptophan is present too).
True
False


Biology
Molecular Basis of Inheritance4. Why the mechanism of DNA synthesis is different between the two strands of DNA?
A Because the genetic code is degenerate
B. Because the strands of DNA are antiparallel
C. Because the strands are antiparallel and DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA from 5' to 3¹
D. Because the strands are antiparallel and DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA from 3 to 5'
E. Because DNA replication is semi-conservative

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceThe anticodon is the 3 nucleotides in the tRNA that bind to the codon (3 nucleotides) in the mRNA
True
False

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceTranslation ends when ribosomes "read" any of the three nonsense codons on the sequence of the tRNA that is being translated
True
False

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceA mutation is a permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of RNA
O True
O False

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceIn bacteria, certain mutations result in resistance to antibiotics
O True
O False

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceThere has been an explosion of interest in small noncoding RNAs in plant, animal, and other genomes. Why were these small RNAs not identified and studied in earlier decades?

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceRobertsonian translocations occur between__ chromosomes:
a. Telocentric
b. Submetacentric
c. Metacentric
d. None of the given choices

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceIs its inheritance sex-linked or autosomal?
The inheritance of the disorder is sex-linked because it is encoded by Y-linked genes.
The inheritance of the disorder is sex-linked because it is seen only in boys.
The inheritance of the disorder is autosomal because sick children are born to apparently unaffected parents.
The inheritance of the disorder cannot be determined as sex-linked or autosomal.

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceA plant X is grown under certain conditions and the seeds have been supplied. How would one check for its totipotent character? Critically discuss each step and include diagrams, wherever necessary.

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceDid purified rCptA show the same major band as CptA?
No, rCptA is bigger.
Yes, the size of the major band was unaffected.
No, rCptA is smaller.

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceWhat microbes have coupled transcription and translation?
O a. Prokaryotes O b. All microbes Oc. Eukaryotes O d. Halophiles

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceWhat allows Bacterial ribosomes to use the correct start codon?
O a. Introns O b. Shine-Delgarno sequence O c. ORFs O d. Codon Bias

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceName two of the four mechanisms of resistance that antibiotic resistant bacteria can develop to fight antibiotics. Briefly describe how they work.
According to Michael Schmidt's TED talk, of the 35 million people that will be admitted to a U.S. hospital each year, how many will contract a hospital acquired infection? Of those people that will acquire an infection, how many will die? What treatment did they apply to hospital rooms to deal with this problem? Was it effective?

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceA. Which two of the three modes of RNA processing are necessary to increase mRNA stability?
B. Compare and contrast the ways in which each type of RNA processing you listed in part A increase mRNA stability. Be specific.

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceWhich of the following best describes a prion?
O a type of protein that can misfold, and once misfolded can cause identical proteins to also misfold to generate long protein fibrils that ultimately kill cells
O prions are like viruses that lack nucleic acid, they enter host cells and make more copies of themselves. They are spread through coughing and sneezing or can contaminate food or water.
O a prion is a type of protein that can cause any other type of protein to misfold, which kills the cell
O a prion is any toxic protein that lacks RNA or DNA

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceWhich set of jobs would be found in the field of disease evolution?
A. genetic engineering, microbiologist, and biomanufacturer
B. infectious disease specialist and virologist
C. zoologist, marine biologist, and animal biologist
D. biochemist and epidemiologist

Biology
Molecular Basis of InheritanceCystic fibrosis is autosomal recessive. This means that
O carrier mothers pass the mutation to some of their sons, but not to their daughters.
O both sexes are affected because new mutations occur frequently.
O both sexes can be affected and can "skip" generations through carriers.
O each affected individual has at least one affected parent.