Circulation Questions and Answers

Order: Eptifibatide (Integrilin) 180 mcg/kg IV stat. The manufacturer recommends adding 0.7 mL of sterile water for injection to each 0.75 mg vial, yielding 0.75 mg/mL. The client weighs 185 pounds. How many milliliters will you administer? Select one: a. 20.2 mL b. 44.4 mL c. 202.8 mL d. 11.4 mL

Order: Pipracil (piperacillin sodium) 8 g/day IV in four divided doses q.6h. The directions on the package insert state, "Add 4 mL suitable diluent (sterile water or 0.9% NaCl) to yield 1g/2.5mL." How many milliliters will you administer per dosage? The patient weighs 160 pounds. Select one: a. 0.8 mL b. 5 mL c. 3.2 mL d. 20 mL

How is the majority of CO2 transported in the blood? As bicarbonate Attached to hemoglobin Dissolved in the plasma Attached to platelets

Which of the following factors will enhance oxygen unloading from hemoglobin? (More than one answer is correct, partial credit will be given): Increased tissue CO2 Decreased tissue BPG Increased tissue heat Decreased tissue pH Increased tissue oxygen Decreased tissue CO2 Increased tissue acidity Decreased tissue oxygen

Stimuli for the activation of the Renin- Angiotensin (RAS) pathway include low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron only. a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule only. high blood pressure in the renal artery only. low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron and a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule. low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron, a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule, and high blood pressure in the renal artery.

Using your estimate of alveolar Pco2 estimate the pH of the blood plasma in the lungs just before the subject exhaled. See the table on page 9

Using this estimate of blood pH, how much correction of blood pH seems to be possible by respiratory compensation alone?

The cardiac cycle is: When the atria are contracting When the ventricles are relaxed All the events involved with a single heart beat When the atria are relaxed When the ventricles are contracting

If the SA node is nonfunctional, which of the following is most likely to occur? The heart will go into defibrillation. The heart will go into asystole (stop). The heart will be desensitized. Another portion of the heart will become the pacemaker. Tachycardia will develop.

This is the longest vein, and portions of this vein are commonly used as grafts in coronary bypass surgery. the common iliac vein the great saphenous vein the femoral vein the inferior vena cava the deep femoral vein

During ventricular diastole: The semilunar valves close and the AV valves open Only the AV valves close Only the semilunar valves close The semilunar valves open and the AV valves close Only the AV valves open

Which of the following is NOT a granular leukocyte? Basophil Neutrophil Monocyte Eosinophil

Which type of leukocyte will enlarge in the tissues and become macrophages? Neutrophils Eosinophils Monocytes Lymphocytes

What type of cells do platelets come from? NK cells Myeloblasts Megakaryocytes Reticulocytes

A positive coagulase tube would appear liquid True False

What type of tumor can occur anywhere in the body? A. a neuroblastoma B. a lymph tumor C. a brain tumor

If the membranes of the cardiac muscle cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the membrane will depolarize. stroke volume will increase. heart rate will decrease. intracellular concentration of calcium ion will increase. heart rate will increase.

Which stimulus(stimuli) will activate production and release of erythropoietin? All of the choices are correct. Low amount of hemoglobin B and C only Decreased blood oxygen levels Low RBC count

The --------- the diameter of a vessel, the faster the velocity of blood flow. A. smaller B. larger

Gap junctions are found at the dark-staining ------- between cardiac myocytes. A fasciae adherens B. functional syncytium C. mitochondria D. sarcoplasmic reticulum E. intercalated disks

The ORDER of structures encountered by a RBC returning from the lungs to the heart would be: A. pulmonary veins, left atrium, left AV valve, left ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk B. pulmonary veins, left atrium, left AV valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta C, pulmonary veins, left atrium, aortic valve, left ventricle, left AV valve, aorta D. pulmonary arteries, left atrium, left AV valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta

Plasma minus the clotting factors equals? A. Antibodies B. Serum C. Platelets D. Hematocrit

What tissue is found in the tunica media of a blood vessel? A. Cardiac muscle B. Smooth muscle C. Endothelium D. Glandular mucosa E. Skeletal muscle

Which part of the cardiac conduction system is the pacemaker of the heart? Perkinje fibers AV node Bundle of His SA node Left and right bundle branches

Which of the following vessels contain valves? Arterioles Veins Arteries Capillaries

The 3 vessels that arise from the arch of the aorta, in order, are the: , and

Which of the following acts as a shunt, allowing freshly oxygenated blood to bypass the fetal liver and flow directly into the inferior vena cava? Foramen ovale Ductus arteriosus Ductus venosus Ductus livermentum

Flow through the heart and lungs as a red blood cell, beginning in the Vena Cava and ending in the systemic circulation. Please include all vessels, chambers and valves along the way. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava ➡Lungs➡ Systemic circulation

Miguel is a 25-year-old jogger with a target heart rate of 125 bpm. His resting pulse is 70 bpm. His blood volume is approximately 6.8 liters. At rest, his cardiac output is 6.3 liters/min. A. What must his stroke volume be? B. What might his EDV and ESV be? C. During his workout, his heart rate increases to 125 bpm and his cardiac output to 12,500 mL/min. Do his SV, EDV, and ESV change with exercise?

If blood pressure doubled at the same time that the peripheral resistance doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be halved. doubled. 1/16 as much. 16 times greater. unchanged.

Put these phases of the cardiac cycle in the correct order. 1. opening of the semilunar valves 2. isovolumic contraction 3. beginning of atrial systole 4. closure of the AV valves 5. completion of ventricular filling 6. beginning of ventricular systole 7. ventricular relaxation 8. ventricular ejection 3, 5, 6, 4, 2, 1, 8, 7 3, 5, 6, 1, 8, 4, 2, 7 3, 2, 6, 1, 4, 5, 8, 7 3, 2, 6, 4, 5, 8, 7, 1 4, 5, 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 6

The ECG of a person with complete heart block would show an inverted P wave. an increased PR interval. no visible T wave. a smaller QRS complex. more P waves than QRS complexes per minute.

The ejection fraction (EF) typically refers to the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle each time it contracts (as measured by doing echocardiogram.) It is expressed as a percentage of the ratio of stroke volume to the end-diastolic volume as follows: EF = Stroke Volume / End-Diastolic Volume. Please answer the question that follows: The ejection fraction for an individual whose stroke volume is 44 ml, and end- diastolic volume is 110 ml of blood, would be _. This would meet the body's demand for blood flow. 40%; inadequately 75%; adequately 60%; adequately 10%; inadequately

Inducing hypocapnia via hyperventilation reduces the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), which can cause dizziness due to a decrease in cerebral blood flow. The decreased blood flow is caused by decreased stroke volume decreased respiration vasodilation vasoconstriction

A blood pressure measurement consists of two numbers: the systolic pressure, which is the maximum pressure taken when the heart is contracting, and the diastolic pressure, which is the minimum pressure taken at the beginning of the heartbeat. Blood pressures were measured, in millimeters, for a sample of 10 adults. The following table presents the results.

Which category of drugs does not increase your risk of contracting HIV through infected needles? A narcotics B. inhalants C. stimulants

What happens to ventricular volume during isovolumic ventricular contraction?

What happens to ventricular pressure during isovolumic ventricular contraction?

Hematocrit is the: A. Percentage of red blood cells in the blood B. Percentage of white blood cells in the blood C. Percentage of platelets in the blood D. Percentage of leukocytes in the blood

The majority of blood is made up of: A. White blood cells B. Red blood cells C. Water D. Proteins

Which of the flowing is the most abundant white blood cell? OA. Eosinophil B. Neutrophil C. Monocyte D. Lymphocyte

Which is a characteristic of a normal red blood cell? A. Lots of hemoglobin B. Increased mitochondr C. Sickle shape D. A large nucleus

Amy's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean? A. There are no antibodies to neither A, B or Rh antigens in her plasma B. Antibodies to the A and B antigens are present on the surface of the blood cell C. Her red blood cells lack the Rh antigen D. She can only receive blood from a donor who is AB positive

A white blood cell that contains and releases histamine to promote the inflammatory reaction is called: A. Basophil B. Lymphocyte C. Monocyte D. Eosinophil

Which is a characteristic of a leukocyte? A. It does not have nucleus B. It contains hemoglobin C. It may contain granules D. It carries oxygen and carbon dioxide

The chamber of the heart that receives blood high in oxygen content is the: A. Right atrium B. Left atrium C. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle

An individual who is blood type AB negative: A. Can donate to all blood types B. Can receive any blood type except that with the Rh antigen OC.Can receive types A, B, and AB but not O blood D. Can donate to types A, B, and AB but not to type O

The fossa ovalis is located in the: A. Interatrial septum B. Interventricular septum C. Atrioventricular septum D. Apex of the heart

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the: A. Left atrium B. Right atrium C. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle

There is a semilunar valve located between the: A. Right ventricle and the pulmonary trunck B. Left ventricle and the pulmonary trunk C. Left atrium and the left ventricle D. Right ventricle and the aorta E. Right atrium and right ventricle